(Unit 3) Human Reproductive System

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Biology for Grade 9th | By Steviana Amalia Ratih, S.Pd.
Learning Objectives
After doing the learning session:

• I can identify and name on diagrams of the male reproductive
system: the testes, scrotum, sperm ducts, prostate gland, urethra
and penis, and state the functions of these parts.
• I can identify and name on diagrams of the female reproductive
system: the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix and vagina, and state
the functions of these parts.
Purpose of the Reproductive System
• The main purpose of the reproductive
system is to produce sex cells that
will continue making more of the
same species – thus, reproducing the
species and ensuring the
continuation thereof.
• While reproduction is essential to

keep the human race alive, it is not
essential to keep an individual alive.
• This means that you will not die
if you do not produce offspring.
Components of the
Reproductive System
testis
ovary
uterus
Male Reproductive System
sperm duct gland
Carries sperm cells Produces fluids that
from the testes to the mix with sperm cells
urethra. to make semen.
urethra penis
A tube that carries Allows urine and
urine and semen. It semen to pass out of
has a ring of muscle the body.
to keep these fluids
separate.
testis scrotum
Produces sperm and A bag of skin that
releases the male sex contains the testes.
hormone testosterone.
Female Reproductive System
oviduct uterus
Carries egg cells from Where the baby
the ovaries to the develops during
uterus. pregnancy.
uterus lining ovary

A blood-rich lining in Contains hundreds of
which an embryo undeveloped egg cells.
implants. This lining Every month, an egg
is lost every month cell matures and is
during menstruation. released.
vagina cervix
A muscular tube that A ring of muscle at the
leads from the cervix to lower end of the uterus.
the outside of the body. This keeps the baby in
place during pregnancy.
Female Reproductive System
Most of the female reproductive organs are on the inside of the body. It is important to
understand the difference between the internal and external structures that females
usually have.
ovary
uterus
bladder
uterus ovary
urethra
vagina anus
vagina
The vagina is a muscular tube that leads from the cervix to the outside of the woman’s
body.
At the opening of the vagina, there are folds of skin called labia that meet to form the
vulva. This is the part that is visible from the outside of the body.
The urethra also opens into the vulva but it is separate from the vagina. It carries urine
from the bladder to the outside of the body.
The Female Reproductive System 1. Uterus
• The uterus/womb is an upside-down
pear-shaped organ with a thick
lining and walls of muscles that are
some of the strongest muscles you
can find in the female body.
• This is where a fertilised egg will

implant and a foetus will develop
during pregnancy.
• The strong muscles of the uterus

expand and contract to accommodate
a growing foetus, and when giving
birth by pushing the baby out during
labour.
The Female Reproductive System 2. Ovaries
• The ovaries are two oval-shaped
organs that look like bulbs.
• They are located inside a female's

body on the upper right and upper
left sides of the uterus, around the
hip area.
• Ovaries produce, store and release

mature egg cells, also called ova, into
the fallopian tubes.
• This process is called ovulation and it

is during this timeframe that women
are at their most fertile and able to
reproduce.
The Female Reproductive System 3. Fallopian Tubes
• Fallopian tubes are connected to the

ovaries and are essential for
successful reproduction.
• Once the mature ova is ready to be

released from the ovaries, it is pushed
down through the fallopian tubes
through a tiny passageway- no
larger than a needle – into the uterus
where it then awaits fertilisation.
The Male Reproductive System 1. Testes
• Males also have two oval-shaped

organs that contribute to
reproduction: the testes or testicles,
located in a pouch-like structure that
hang outside the pelvis, called the
scrotum.
• Once a male has reached sexual

maturation, or puberty, the testes
start to produce millions of tiny cells
called sperm.
The Male Reproductive System 2. The Duct System
• This system is made up of the
epididymis and the vas deferens.
The epididymis
• Is located next to the testes.

• Stores sperm until it is ready to be
released through the vas deferens.
The vas deferens
• Is a thin tube that transports

sperm from the epididymis and
into the urethra where it is then
released through the penis.
The Male Reproductive System 3. The Accessory Glands
• Accessory glands provide the fluid (semen) that
lubricates the duct system and keeps sperm healthy.
The seminal vesicle
• Is located at the base of the bladder.

• Releases a fluid that keeps sperm
healthy and provides it with
nourishment.
The prostate gland
• Surrounds a small part of

the urethra.
• Helps produce some of the
fluid in semen.
Health Issues Involving the
Reproductive System
Infertility
Almost 10% of heterosexual couples have problems falling pregnant

(infertility) and may even be completely unable to sexually
reproduce (sterility). It affects both men and women.
Foetal Alcohol Syndrome
When a pregnant mother drinks too much alcohol during

pregnancy, it can cause serious birth defects in the unborn baby.
This will affect the child with physical, mental and social defects
throughout their entire lives and in most cases, it can’t be reversed.

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3: productive

After doing the learning session:

• While reproduction is essential to

uterus lining ovary

• This is where a fertilised egg will

• The strong muscles of the uterus

• They are located inside a female's

• Ovaries produce, store and release

• This process is called ovulation and it

• Fallopian tubes are connected to the

• Once the mature ova is ready to be

• Males also have two oval-shaped

• Once a male has reached sexual

• Is located next to the testes.

The vas deferens

• Is a thin tube that transports

The seminal vesicle

• Is located at the base of the bladder.

The prostate gland

• Surrounds a small part of

Almost 10% of heterosexual couples have problems falling pregnant

Foetal Alcohol Syndrome

When a pregnant mother drinks too much alcohol during

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