This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: F2057 − 23

Standard Safety Specification for

Clothing Storage Units1,2
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2057; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

INTRODUCTION

This consumer safety specification is intended to address incidents reported by the U.S. Consumer
Product Safety Commission (CPSC) relating to clothing storage units. In response to the incident data
compiled by the CPSC, this consumer safety specification attempts to minimize the hazards associated
with these products. Test methods in this safety specification are intended to simulate the reaction of
a clothing storage unit on carpet, loaded drawers, multiple open drawers, and a dynamic force from
possible interaction of a child up to 72 months.
This consumer safety specification does not apply to products that are blatantly misused, nor does
it apply to products used by consumers in a careless manner that violate normal practice or disregard
the instructions or warnings provided with the product, or both.

1. Scope 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded

1.1 This safety specification is intended to reduce injuries as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
and deaths of children from hazards associated with tipover of conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
free-standing clothing storage units, including but not limited and are not considered standard.
to chests, chests of drawers, drawer chests, armoires, 1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the
chifferobes, bureaus, door chests, and dressers, which are 27 in. test procedure portion, Section 9, of this safety specification:
(686 mm) or greater in height, 30 lb (13.6 kg) or greater in This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
mass, and contain 3.2 ft3 (90.6 dm3) or greater of enclosed concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
storage volume. of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,
health, and environmental practices and determine the appli-
1.2 This safety specification does not cover shelving units,
cability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
such as bookcases or entertainment furniture, office furniture,
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dining room furniture, jewelry armoires, underbed drawer
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
storage units, occasional/accent furniture not intended for
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
bedroom use, laundry storage/sorting units, or built-in units
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
intended to be permanently attached to the building, nor does
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
it cover “Clothing Storage Chests” as defined in Consumer
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Safety Specification F2598.
1.3 This safety specification is intended to cover children up 2. Referenced Documents
to 72 months. See Note 1.
2.1 ASTM Standards:3
NOTE 1—The majority (approximately 80 %) of deaths relate to D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test
children 5 years or younger. F2598 Consumer Safety Specification for Sealed Storage
Chests such as Cedar Chests, Hope Chests, Blanket
Chests, Keepsake Chests
1
This safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on
Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.42 on
Furniture Safety.
3
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2023. Published February 2023. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as F2057 – 19. DOI: contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
10.1520/F2057-23. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
2
This safety specification replaces PS 110 – 98. the ASTM website.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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 F2057 − 23
F3096 Performance Specification for Tipover Restraint(s) drawer front with measurements taken at the shortest drawer
Used with Clothing Storage Unit(s) depth dimension (see Fig. 1).
2.2 Other Standards: 3.1.11 outstop, n—any feature that limits outward motion of
ANSI Z535.4 American National Standard for Product drawers or pullout shelves, or both.
Safety Signs and Labels4
3.1.12 tipover, n—event at which a furniture unit pivots
ANSI UL 1678 Standard for Household, Commercial, and
forward to the point at which the unit continues to fall.
Institutional-Use Carts, Stands and Entertainment Centers
for Use with Audio and/or Video Equipment5
ISO 3864-1 Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety 4. Performance Requirements
signs — Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and 4.1 With the unit set up in accordance with 8.1, and without
safety markings4 the anti-tip device, test the unit in accordance with 9.2.1, 9.2.2,
ISO 3864-2 Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety and 9.2.3.
signs — Part 2: Design principles for product safety 4.2 During the test, the unit shall not tip over or be
labels4 supported by any component unless that component was
3. Terminology specifically designed for that purpose.

3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 4.3 If a failed component prohibits the completion of the
3.1.1 anti-tip device, n—supplemental device that aids in the test, then the failed component(s) shall be repaired or replaced
prevention of tipover. to the original specifications, or the component replaced and
the test repeated with the failed component secured as to not
3.1.2 bin, n—a storage container that rests inside or on a affect the test results but to prevent the component from failing.
product and is intended to be removed during normal use.
4.4 An anti-tip device shall be included with each item of
3.1.3 clothing storage unit, n—furniture item with drawers
furniture covered under the scope of this safety specification
and/or hinged doors intended for the storage of clothing typical
for attachment by the consumer.
with bedroom furniture (see 1.1 for size references).
3.1.4 drawer, n—a storage compartment meant to slide in 4.5 The anti-tip device provided shall meet the requirement
and out of a clothing storage unit and intended to stay with the of Specification F3096.
product during normal use. 4.6 Interlock Requirements:
3.1.5 enclosed storage volume, n—the amount of storage 4.6.1 Interlocks shall not require additional consumer action
inside drawers and behind doors intended for clothing storage; to engage during normal operation of the extendible element,
storage with no door or with a clear door (for example, clear for example, opening and closing the drawer to access the
glass door) is not included. See 5.4. interior volume.
3.1.6 extendible element(s), n—a movable load-bearing 4.6.1.1 Consumer action to reengage the interlock system
storage component, including, but not limited to, drawers and after disengaging to allow removal of one or more extendible
pullout shelves; does not include bins. elements is allowed, for example, to install an anti-tip device or
retrieve a lost sock.
3.1.7 height adjuster, n—support devices, similar to
levelers, intended by the manufacturer for adjusting the unit’s 4.6.1.2 An interlocked extendible element removed for such
height by more than 1 in. (25 mm) as claimed in their instruc- one-time action shall not require removal of components such
tions or marketing material with claims such as “height as back panels and dust bottom to access the interlocking
adjustable,” with or without a maximum adjustment, this mechanism during reengagement. Reengagement shall not
feature cannot be inferred. require tools unless those tools are also required for disengage-
ment.
3.1.8 interlock, n—a feature that controls the simultaneous 4.6.1.3 An interlocked extendible element removed for such
extension of one or more extendible elements and/or doors. one-time action shall either:
3.1.8.1 Discussion—An interlock may allow only one ex- (1) Not be fully functional when reinstalled until the
tendible element to open at a time, or may allow more than one, interlock is reengaged. (For example, it will not fully close or
but fewer than all, to fully open simultaneously. ride on tracks if interlock is not reengaged—which can be an
3.1.9 leveler, n—support devices for leveling and/or stabi- automatic action when reinstalled in case.); or
lizing a storage unit which are integral/affixed to the unit, (2) Include a separate warning or warnings as described in
alternatively referred to as adjustable glides, or adjustable 10.2.3.10.
supports, not including height adjusters. 4.6.2 Interlocks shall not require consumer assembly and/or
3.1.10 operational sliding length, n—length measured from installation if the unit is shipped assembled, except as allowed
the inside face of the drawer back to the inside face of the in 4.6.1.1.
4.6.3 Consumer assembly and/or installation of interlock
components as part of the normal consumer assembly process
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., is allowed for items shipped/sold unassembled.
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
5
Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2600 N.W. Lake Rd., Camas, 4.6.4 When tested to 9.1, the extendible element shall be
WA 98607-8542, http://www.ul.com. considered interlocked to the open extendible element if either:

2
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 F2057 − 23
4.6.4.1 It remains closed during the test and is functional viewed are not included in this, such as areas intended for
after tested extendible element is closed; or display. A solid frame around a clear panel shall be considered
4.6.4.2 Its opening acts to close the extendible element a clear panel if 50 % of the surface area of the door is clear.
originally open. Materials such as frosted glass, or privacy glass, or with other
features intended to obscure the contents, shall not be consid-
5. Measurements ered clear; otherwise clear glass with less than 50 % coverage
5.1 Measurements shall be taken on the test surface as by non-clear decoration is considered clear.
defined in 8.2.1 to the nearest 1⁄8 in. (3 mm) after following 5.4.5 Any volume with a height (H) less than 3 in. (76 mm)
any assembly and leveling procedures from 8.1.2. shall be excluded from all volume calculations.
5.1.1 The height shall be measured from the test surface to 5.4.6 Any continuous volume less than 0.06 ft3 (1.7 dm3)
the top of the unit. shall be excluded from all volume calculations unless the
volume is created by a removable feature, for example, a
5.2 Extendible Element Measurement: removable jewelry tray, removable shelf, or other obstruction.
5.2.1 Extendible element width (WE) and extendible ele- In the case of a removable feature, remove such feature and
ment depth (DE) are measured at the top face of bottom panel. re-evaluate.
See Fig. 3(B).
5.2.2 Extendible element height (HE) is 1⁄8 in. (3 mm) less TEST METHOD
than the smallest measurement from the top of bottom panel to
the lowest point on the next obstruction above the extendible 6. Scope
element at any point of the travel following the opening 6.1 This test method is designed to test free-standing cloth-
instructions in 8.1.3. See Fig. 2. ing storage unit stability.
5.2.3 To measure between any non-parallel components,
such as a bowed drawer front to a straight drawer back, use the 7. Significance and Use
average of the longest and shortest measurement possible in the 7.1 The test methods in this safety specification are intended
space. See Fig. 3(A) and Fig. 3(B). to simulate the reaction of a clothing storage unit on carpet,
5.3 Non-Extendible Enclosed Storage Measurement: loaded drawers, multiple open drawers, and a dynamic force
5.3.1 The storage volume height (HS) is the vertical distance from possible interaction of a child up to 72 months.
from the bottom of the opening to the top of the opening. See 8. Test Setup
Fig. 2.
5.3.2 The storage volume width (WS) is the measurement 8.1 Unit Setup:
from side to side of the bottom surface of the storage area. See 8.1.1 If the unit is not fully assembled, assemble the unit
Fig. 2. according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
5.3.3 The storage volume depth (DS) is the measurement 8.1.2 If the clothing storage unit has a levelling device,
from the inside back face of the unit to the back face of closed adjust it as follows:
door at the bottom surface of the storage area. See Fig. 2. 8.1.2.1 All levelers shall be fully retracted, or installed to
5.3.4 For measurements between any non-parallel create the lowest possible height, and it is permissible to adjust
components, follow 5.2.3. after placing the unit on the test surface to ensure each
5.3.5 Any volume behind a door that is an extendible perimeter leveler is in contact with the test surface. If the doors
element or contains extendable elements shall be subtracted and/drawers open and close, no further leveling shall be done;
from the non-extendible enclosed storage volume. if not, then level only to the point where all doors and drawers
open and close following the manufacturer’s instructions with
5.4 Volume Calculations: unimpeded operation.
5.4.1 Enclosed storage volume is calculated as the total of (1) Goal is minimum adjustment. Adjust on only one side.
all extendible element volume, see 5.4.2, and all non- 8.1.2.2 Any adjustable feet not near the perimeter of the
extendible element enclosed storage volume, see 5.4.3. See unit, for example, a center foot used to support the load of a
Note 2. partition, in the absence of manufacturer’s instructions, shall be
NOTE 2—1728 cubic inches (in.3) = 1 cubic foot (ft3). When width (W), adjusted to contact the floor after any other levelers or adjusters
depth (D), and height (H) are measured in inches, divide by 1728 to obtain have been adjusted.
the volume in cubic feet. Vol (ft3) = W (in.) × D (in.) × H (in.) ⁄1728. 8.1.2.3 If a manufacturer’s instructions or marketing indi-
5.4.2 Extendible element storage volume is calculated as cate that the unit’s height is adjustable by more than 1 in.
extendible element width (WE) × extendible element depth (25 mm), the feet shall be adjusted to attain the maximum
(DE) × extendible element height (HE) (WE × DE × HE). height indicated, or if no maximum height is given (that is, it
5.4.3 Non-extendible enclosed storage volume, storage says “adjustable height” without specifying a height), they
volume, other than in extendible elements, that can be expected shall be adjusted such that 1⁄2 in. (13 mm) of the adjustable foot
to be used for clothing storage, is calculated as storage volume thread remains in the supporting thread; if there is variation
width (WS) × storage volume depth (DS) × storage volume between the adjustable feet, the adjustable foot extending the
height (HS) × 50 % (WS × DS × HS × 50 %). least based on these parameters shall be used as the basis to
5.4.4 Volumes that do not have doors or have doors intended adjust all others, that is, the highest possible height with no
to allow the contents of the storage volume to be clearly adjustable feet engaged less than 1⁄2 in. (13 mm).

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 F2057 − 23
8.1.2.4 If the manufacturer’s instructions indicate to tighten (3) It is permissible to add to or subtract material from each
a foot to the unit, as is common with a round wooden foot, it of test weight to bring into tolerance (8.3.1) so long as it is
shall not be considered a leveler or height adjuster. done symmetrically about the length and width of each test
8.1.3 Open all hinged doors that extend outward to 90°, or weight.
the position most likely to cause tipover. Doors that open (4) If fasteners are used (for example, bolts, screws) in the
downward shall be positioned where the center of mass of the construction of the test weights or to affix the strap, the mass of
door is extended furthest from the front face of the unit each test weight includes the fasteners so that each test weight
(typically 90°) (Fig. 4) and extend all available extendible when measured with all fasteners installed meets the 30 lb
elements, to the outstop or, in the absence of such feature, to 2⁄3 (13.6 kg) criterion in 8.2.2.2. The fasteners may not extend
(66 %) of their operational sliding length (see 3.1.10 and Fig. beyond the edges of the weights in the 4.0 in. (102 mm) width
4). Open flaps or drop fronts to their horizontal position or as or 6.0 in. (152 mm) length directions, and preferably do not
near horizontal as possible. extend below the bottom surface of the weights. See Fig. 6.
8.2.2.5 The strap shall be fastened to each test weight so that
8.2 Test Equipment:
the 6.0 in. (152 mm) side is perpendicular to the strap adjoining
8.2.1 A hard, flat, level test surface that is level within the weights.
+0.2/–0.0 degrees in the front-to-back direction of the clothing (1) The strap may not exceed 0.50 lb (0.23 kg). This
storage unit (CSU) being tested and 60.2° in the side-to-side includes adjustable hardware separate and apart from that used
direction of the CSU being tested. Level must be measured on to affix the strap to the test weights.
a hard, not-compressible, rigid test surface, not on the unit. See (2) The strap shall be wide enough to keep each weight
Fig. 5. level as the apparatus is applied during the tests, approximately
8.2.1.1 The one-way tolerance in the front-to-back direction 3 in. (76 mm). Two straps of identical length may also be used
ensures the stability of the unit is not enhanced by the test in place of a single strap. The strap may have any length
conditions. appropriate for the test unit.
8.2.2 Construction of Test Weights and Test Apparatus: (3) The location where the strap attaches to each test
8.2.2.1 The test apparatus, with a total mass not less than weight shall be symmetric about the longitudinal centerline of
60.0 lb (27.2 kg), is comprised primarily of two 6 in. (152 mm) each test weight. The attachment point on each test weight shall
long and 30 lb (13.6 kg) symmetric test weights joined by a be symmetric within 0.25 in. (6 mm) as measured from the
flexible strap(s). The total mass of the apparatus shall not centerline of the test apparatus. See Fig. 6.
exceed 60.7 lb (27.5 kg), as described below. See Note 3. See (4) It is permissible to etch or add a certification sticker to
Fig. 6. the test apparatus.
NOTE 3—A test apparatus that exceeds the weight tolerances described
8.2.3 Test Block—Must be of a rigid material such as steel,
herein may be used to confirm a pass, but may not be used to fail a unit aluminum, or other non-compressible material. Block dimen-
so long as the test weights conform to the dimensional requirements sions: 0.43 in. +0.02/–0.0 in. thick (10.9 mm +0.5/–0.0 mm) ×
described herein. 1 in. +0.06/–0.0 in. (25 mm +1.5/–0.0 mm) depth. See Fig. 7.
8.2.2.2 Each test weight shall: 8.3 Load Calculations and Distribution:
(1) Not be less than 30.0 lb (13.6 kg). 8.3.1 When applicable, extendible elements shall be loaded
(2) Not be more than 30.1 lb (13.7 kg). with 8.5 lb/ft3 (0.136 kg/dm3) based on the volume of each
(3) Be 6.0 in. (152 mm) long +0.0/–0.25 in. (+0/–6 mm). extendible element calculated in 5.4. Tolerance on total mass is
(4) Be 4.0 in. (102 mm) wide +0.0/–0.25 in. (+0/–6 mm). +0.1/–0.0 lb (+0.05 ⁄–0.0 kg).
8.2.2.3 Materials of Construction and Assembly: 8.3.2 When applicable, non-extendible storage surfaces
(1) The test weights are preferably constructed out of steel. shall be loaded with 8.5 lb/ft3 (0.136 kg/dm3) based on the
The approximate height of each test weight will be approxi- volume of each surface calculated in 5.4. Tolerance on total
mately 4.5 in. (114 mm). Both test weights must be constructed weight is +0.1/–0.0 lb (+0.05/–0.0 kg).
using the same methods and materials.
8.3.3 The load shall be applied at the center of the extend-
(2) Heights may vary with materials of construction;
ible element’s bottom surface and non-extendible storage
however, each test weight shall be within 0.25 in. (6 mm) of the
surface if applicable using steel weights, a bag or multiple bags
other in any dimension.
of shot, or similar means to create a uniform concentrated load
8.2.2.4 So long as the two test weights are symmetrical in equivalent to the drawer fully loaded with clothing. See Fig.
shape, multiple methods may be used to construct them: 8(A) and Fig. 8(B). It is permissible to secure weight with tape
(1) Each test weight may be formed of a single, solid piece or using a non-sliding coating on the weight.
or cast from another uniform material; or
(2) Each test weight may be assembled from multiple 9. Test Procedure
layers of the same material (for example, 9 plates of steel
6.0 in. × 4.0 in. × 0.5 in. (152 mm × 102 mm × 13 mm)). The 9.1 Test to Evaluate Interlock System:
multiple pieces shall be attached to one another via any of the 9.1.1 For units with interlocking system(s), determine if any
following methods, or equivalent: welding, epoxy, or mechani- extendible elements connected to respective interlock sys-
cal fasteners; each test weight shall perform as a single, tem(s) can be simultaneously opened using the following
uniform rigid piece of material. method:

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 F2057 − 23
9.1.2 Position the unit according to 8.1.1 and 8.1.2 on the 56 in. (1422 mm) to the handle or pull. The force shall be
test surface described in 8.2.1. applied over a period of at least 5 s and held for 10 s. The door
9.1.3 Secure the unit to prevent sliding or tipover (only for shall be in a position most likely to cause the unit to tip over.
this subsection). If the door handle or pull exceeds the max reach height, follow
9.1.4 Open any doors prohibiting access to the interlocked 9.2.2.1(3).
extendible element. 9.2.2.3 If the door pull/handle height and the extendible
9.1.5 Open an extendible element or the number of elements element height are the same, it is permissible to test either
necessary to engage the interlock. component.
9.1.6 Gradually apply, over a period of at least 5 s, a 30-lbf 9.2.3 Simulating a Reaction on Carpet with Child Weight:
(133 N) horizontal pull force on each interlocked extendible 9.2.3.1 Position the empty unit on test surface described in
element at the center of the pull area(s), one element at a time, 8.2.1. For units with levelers, adjust the unit per 8.1.2.
and hold the force for at least 10 s. (See Fig. 9.) 9.2.3.2 Place the test block(s) under the unit’s most rear
9.1.7 Repeat this test until all possible combinations of floor support(s), such as a leg, foot, or upright.
extendible elements connected to the interlock have been 9.2.3.3 Test block(s) shall be positioned so the back edge of
tested. the test block(s) are flush with the back edge of the rear floor
9.1.8 Remove any device used to prevent sliding or tipping supports. (See Fig. 11.) If the rear floor support is a glide tack,
above. leveler, or foot smaller than 1 in., center the block under it.
9.2 Stability Test Methods: 9.2.3.4 Open all doors and extend all available extendible
9.2.1 Simulated Clothing Load: elements in accordance with 8.1.3.
9.2.1.1 Position the empty unit on test surface described in 9.2.3.5 Gradually, over a period of at least 5 s, apply the test
8.2.1. For units with levelers, adjust the unit per 8.1.2. apparatus without impact over the top of the door or extendible
9.2.1.2 If 50 % or more of the storage volume is extended, element most likely to cause tipover. (See Fig. 12 (A) to Fig.
determine the weight for loading the extendable elements 12 (F) and Fig. 13.) Allow the test apparatus to rest without
and/or space behind the doors based on the volume calculated additional support for 30 s. If it is not apparent which door,
in 5.4. Load per 8.3.3. See Fig. 8(B). If less than 50 % of the extendible element, or for clothing storage units with
storage volume is extended, the unit shall remain empty. interlock(s), the combination of open and closed extendible
9.2.1.3 Open all doors and extend all available extendible elements is most likely to cause tipover, perform multiple tests.
elements in accordance with 8.1.3. Elements shall remain open (See Fig. 12 (D), Fig. 12 (E), and Fig. 12 (F).)
for 30 s. 9.2.3.6 If the extendible element most likely to cause
9.2.2 Simulated Horizontal Dynamic Force: tipover is not the uppermost extendible element, any extendible
9.2.2.1 Force Application on Extendible Element—Where element obstructing the test weight from being positioned
the extendible element has been determined to have the highest properly shall be closed and reopened to the extent possible.
hand-hold height, not to exceed 56 in. (1422 mm). See Note 4. For odd-shaped drawer, apply the test apparatus to the front
edge that protrudes the farthest (see Fig. 14). For doors, apply
NOTE 4—56 in. is the 95th percentile reach of a of a 5-year-old child, the test apparatus to each door, one at a time, so that the outer
averaged between male and female.6
(1) Position the empty unit on test surface described in edge of the test weight is flush with the outermost upper corner
8.2.1. For units with levelers, adjust the unit per 8.1.2. of the door (see Fig. 12 (B)).
(2) Open all doors and extend all available extendible 9.3 Permanency of Labels and Warnings Testing:
elements in accordance with 8.1.3. 9.3.1 A paper label shall be considered permanent if, during
(3) Apply a 10 lbf (44 N) horizontal force, parallel to the an attempt to remove it without the aid of tools or solvents, it
direction of outward motion, at the highest hand-hold, not to cannot be removed, it tears into pieces upon removal, or such
exceed 56 in. (1422 mm) on the extendible element most likely action damages the surface to which it is attached.
to cause tipover. The force shall be applied within 1⁄4 in. 9.3.2 A non-paper label shall be considered permanent if,
(6 mm) of the top edge of a drawer (See Fig. 10(A)) or to the during an attempt to remove it without the aid of tools or
center of the pull area of the extendible element, whichever is solvents, it cannot be removed or such action damages the
higher but less than 56 in. (1422 mm) over a period of at least surface to which it is attached.
5 s and held for 10 s. (See Fig. 10(B)). 9.3.3 Adhesion Test for Warnings Applied Directly onto the
9.2.2.2 Force Application on Door with Handle/pull— Surface of the Product:
Where the door handle/pull has been determined to be the 9.3.3.1 Apply the tape test defined in Test Method
highest reach point not to exceed 56 in. (1422 mm). B – Cross-Cut Tape Test of Test Methods D3359 eliminating
(1) Reference 9.2.2.1(1) and (2). parallel cuts.
(2) Apply a 10 lbf (44 N) horizontal force, parallel to the 9.3.3.2 Perform this test once in each different location
direction of initial outward motion, at a height not exceeding where warnings are applied.
9.3.3.3 The warning statements shall be considered perma-
6
Pheasant, S., Bodyspace Anthropometry, Ergonomics & Design, Taylor& nent if the printing in the area tested is still legible and attached
Francis, London, 1986, p. 92, Table 4.10. after being subjected to this test.

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 F2057 − 23
10. Marking and Labeling (1) A safety black triangle with a safety orange exclama-
10.1 Warnings on Product: tion mark, or;
10.1.1 Each clothing storage unit shall be permanently (2) A safety yellow triangle with a safety black border and
marked in at least one place with the warnings from this safety black exclamation mark—to allow consistency with
section. The warnings shall be in a conspicuous location when certain ISO standards, or;
in use. The warnings shall be applied on one surface, not (3) A safety yellow triangle with a safety black exclama-
wrapped or folded around or over corners. tion mark and a yellow border around a safety black band—to
10.1.1.1 The warnings shall be considered conspicuous allow consistency with certain ISO standards, or;
when in use when at least one of the following conditions is (4) A safety black triangle with a safety white exclamation
met: mark—for black and white only formats, or;
(1) The warnings are inside a drawer box on a drawer side (5) A safety white triangle with a safety black exclamation
with the top of the signal word panel 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) or less mark—for black and white only formats.
from the top of the drawer side and the border or edge of the NOTE 5—Options 2 and 3 are given with reference to ISO 3864-1 and
label 3 in. (76 mm) or less from the back of the drawer front; ISO 3864-2.
they are not required to be visible on all drawers. It is 10.2.3 In the following sections, the plain type is descriptive
permissible for the warnings to be on either drawer side. See information; bold type is used for the required warning
Fig. 15. Or, statements. The warning statements, unless otherwise noted,
(2) The warnings are visible anywhere on the open door or shall be included as stated. All text shall be a sans serif font, not
on the cabinet side adjacent to the door no more than 1 in. less than 0.1 in. (2.5 mm) capital letter height. The text shall be
(25 mm) from the doors closed position or the structure of the safety black letters on a safety white background or the letters
unit, whichever is farther from the front, when any hinged shall contrast the background.
door, not each door, is open; they are not required to be visible 10.2.3.1 The warning message panel shall begin with the
behind all doors. See Fig. 15 (B). Or, following statement in bold face type. Children have died
(3) The warnings are visible on the cabinet side adjacent to from furniture tipover. To reduce the risk of furniture
the door no more than 1 in. from the door’s closed position tipover:
when any sliding door, not each door, is fully open, or the 10.2.3.2 The warning message panel shall include the fol-
structure of the unit near the door, whichever is farther from the lowing statements, preceded by a bullet point, in the order
front. If doors have different distances from the front, this given.
dimension shall apply to the farthest back door; they are not 10.2.3.3 ALWAYS install anti-tip device provided.
required to be visible behind all doors. See Fig. 15. Or, 10.2.3.4 Television use shall be addressed in the warnings
(4) The warnings from 10.2.3.1 and 10.2.3.3 and the by following either 10.2.3.4(1) or 10.2.3.4(2).
symbol from Fig. 20 shall meet Condition 1 and contain (1) For clothing storage units that are not designed and
language directing the user to the bottom of the same drawer intended by the manufacturer to be used with a TV shall state:
and the full warning shall be on the inside face of the drawer NEVER put a TV on this product.
bottom. (2) For clothing storage units that are designed and in-
10.1.1.2 For units shipped requiring consumer assembly, it tended by the manufacturer to be used with a TV, the warning
is permissible for the warnings to be on parts that can be shall address TV use. This may be done within the other
installed in other locations; the location shall be considered warnings as shown in the examples or separately to comply
acceptable if it would meet these location requirements in any with other standards. In either case, all warnings must be
possible location even if it does not meet them in all locations. conspicuous as defined in 10.1.1.1. See Appendix X1 for
For example, if a drawer side can be installed as the left or right reference.
side but the conditions in 10.1.1.1(1) are met, only when 10.2.3.5 NEVER allow children to stand, climb, or hang
installed on the right it is acceptable. on any drawers, doors, or shelves. It is permissible to exclude
10.2 Warnings Format and Content: any feature not included on the unit.
10.2.1 The warnings shall be formatted in a manner consis- 10.2.3.6 NEVER open more than one drawer at a time. It
tent with ANSI Z535.4. See Fig. 16, Fig. 17, and Fig. 18 for is permissible to exclude any feature not included on the unit.
examples. 10.2.3.7 When the unit includes interlocking drawers: DO
10.2.2 The signal word panel shall include the Safety Alert NOT defeat or remove the drawer interlock system; it is an
Symbol “"” and state “WARNING”. important stability and safety system. Units that do not
10.2.2.1 “WARNING” shall be in all caps, bold face type include interlocking drawers shall not use this statement. It is
not less than 0.15 in. (3.8 mm) capital letter height in a sans permissible to remove “drawer,” add the appropriate parts and
serif font. The letter color shall be safety black on a safety features to this statement, or to address any specific use
orange or safety white background, or safety white on a safety characteristics of the interlock system.
black background. 10.2.3.8 Place heaviest items in the lowest drawers. It is
10.2.2.2 The Safety Alert Symbol is composed of an equi- permissible to change drawers to a term/location better match-
lateral triangle surrounding an exclamation mark. It shall be ing the unit.
presented in one of five color formats when used with the 10.2.3.9 The following statement is required below all other
WARNING signal word: text, in italic letters: This is a permanent label. Do not

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remove! Alternatively, the following shall be used when 10.2.4.1 The child climbing prohibition symbol shown in
markings other than a label are used and may be used with any Fig. 20 shall be used on all warning labels.
marking type: This warning is permanent. Do not remove! 10.2.4.2 The TV prohibition symbol shown in Fig. 21 shall
The statement may not be larger type than any other wording be used on units that include the warning in 10.2.3.4(1).
on the warning.
10.2.5 The contents of the warnings shall not be modified
10.2.3.10 For units with interlock systems described in
except as specifically indicated above and/or to include lan-
4.6.1.3(2), a warning addressing: DO NOT remove the
guages other than English.
interlock system except for maintenance as shown. NEVER
use the unit without the interlock installed following the 10.2.6 The warnings shall be permanent when tested in
instructions. shall be added to each drawer in a location near accordance with 9.3.1, 9.3.2, or 9.3.3 as appropriate.
the interlock hardware; instructions shall be shown or a
location with instructions shall be referenced. See Fig. 19. 11. Precision and Bias
10.2.4 Each safety symbol panel shall measure at least
11.1 No information is presented because the test result is
1.25 in. by 1.25 in. (31.8 mm by 31.8 mm); each safety symbol
non-quantitative.
shall measure at least 1 in. by 1 in. (25.4 mm by 25.4 mm).
Each symbol shall be safety black with either a safety black or
12. Keywords
safety red prohibition symbol or the symbol shall contrast with
the background. The safety symbol panel for each symbol shall 12.1 chests; children; consumer safety specifications; door
be bounded on all sides with a safety black line or the line shall chests; drawers; dressers; free-standing clothing storage unit;
contrast with the background. furniture; outstop; tipover

FIG. 1 Operational Sliding Length (OSL)

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If the obstruction is permanent, treat the area as multiple volumes; if it is removable, the entire space is considered one volume.
FIG. 2 Measurement Reference

The depth is the average of Depth A and Depth B.

FIG. 3 (A) An Example Drawer with Non-parallel Faces

Extendible element length and depth are measured at the bottom surface. Similarly, non-extendible storage length and depth are measured at the bottom surface.
FIG. 3 (B) An Example Drawer with Non-parallel Faces (continued)

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FIG. 4 Open Drawer, Door, and Drop-down Drawer Front

FIG. 5 Hard, Flat, Level Test Surface

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Each test weight shall be uniform, symmetric, and rigid whether it is formed from a single piece of material or several smaller pieces. Any addition or subtraction of weight
shall be done symmetrically about the length and width of the test weight. Straps are to be symmetrically affixed to the top surface of the test weights.
The test apparatus shall by symmetric about its length, width, and height. In this sample graphic, fasteners are depicted as a suitable method of affixing the strap to the
test weights. In this example, it would be permissible to add washers to the fasteners to tune each of the test weights.
Construction materials (30 lb each):
Steel height = 4.5 in. (114 mm)
Lead height = 3.0 in. (76 mm)
FIG. 6 Test Weights and Test Apparatus

FIG. 7 Test Block

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FIG. 8 Load on Extendible Element (A)

FIG. 8 Load on Extendible Element (B) (continued)

FIG. 9 Test to Evaluate Interlock System

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It is permissible to apply the force by any appropriate method, such as pulling on a “hook” or similar device (Option 1) or applying a force directly to the drawer’s surface
(Option 2) or another suitable method.
FIG. 10 Force Application (A)

FIG. 10 Force Application (B) (continued)

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Test Surface 8.2.1 (+0.2/–0 degrees the back higher than the front)
FIG. 11 Examples of Different Base Configuration on the Test Block

See Fig. 11 for placement of the test blocks.

FIG. 12 (A) Test Apparatus on Drawer Front, No Interlocks

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See Fig. 11 for placement of the test blocks.

FIG. 12 (B) Test Apparatus on Door (continued)

See Fig. 11 for placement of the test blocks.

FIG. 12 (C) Test Apparatus on Drop-down Drawer Front, No Interlocks (continued)

See Fig. 11 for placement of the test blocks.

FIG. 12 (D) Test Apparatus on Drawer, with Interlocks (continued)

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See Fig. 11 for placement of the test blocks.

FIG. 12 (E) Test Apparatus on Door, with Interlocks (continued)

See Fig. 11 for placement of the test blocks.

FIG. 12 (F) Test Apparatus on Drawer with Drop-down Drawer Front, with Interlocks (continued)

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NOTE 1—Top row illustrates acceptable testing geometries.

Bottom row illustrates unacceptable testing geometries.
FIG. 13 Application of Test Apparatus to Drawer Faces

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FIG. 14 Drawer Test Weight Placement Examples

FIG. 15 Warning Label Inside Drawer (A)

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FIG. 15 Warning Label Inside Drawer (B) (continued)

If drawer interlocks are installed on the clothing storage unit, include the phrase “DO NOT defeat or remove the drawer interlock system; it is an important stability and
safety system.” (See 10.2.3.7.)
Round/Radiused corners may be used.
NOTE 1—Warnings are not shown to scale.
FIG. 16 Example Warnings for Clothing Storage Units that are Not Designed and Intended by the Manufacturer to be Used with a TV

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The manufacturer shall replace “Replace with statement addressing TV use.” with a statement addressing TV use with the clothing storage unit.
If drawer interlocks are installed on the clothing storage unit, include the phrase “DO NOT defeat or remove the drawer interlock system; it is an important stability and
safety system.” (See 10.2.3.7.)
Round/Radiused corners may be used.
NOTE 1—Warnings are not shown to scale.
FIG. 17 Example Warnings for Clothing Storage Units that are Designed and Intended by the Manufacturer to be Used with a TV

NOTE 1—Warnings are not shown to scale.

FIG. 18 Example Warning for a Unit with Interlocks and Not Designed and Intended by the Manufacturer to be Used with a TV

NOTE 1—Warnings are not shown to scale.

FIG. 19 Example Warning Billboarded for Use with Interlocks Requiring in Unit Warnings

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FIG. 20 Child Climbing Prohibition Symbol

FIG. 21 TV Prohibition Symbol

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. TV USE INFORMATION

X1.1 This is an informative appendix that may assist in standard containing test procedures and other requirements
determining the appropriate weight of televisions to use with intended to mitigate this hazard.
clothing storage units; compliance with this appendix is not
mandatory for compliance with this standard. X1.3 The statement required by ANSI UL 1678 to address
TV use is: For use with televisions weighing X lb (kg) or less.
X1.2 The additional weight of a TV that is set on a furniture Use with heavier televisions may result in instability causing
product can adversely affect stability and create a hazard. ANSI tip-over resulting in death or serious injury.
UL 1678 (latest version dated March 24, 2017) is a technical

X2. RATIONALE

X2.1 Subsection 1.1—27 in. is based on relevant known expecting no assembly is required, it would be unreasonable to
incidents. This height will be evaluated as additional incidents ask that they install an internal safety device.
are reported.
X2.1.1 Subsection 1.1— 3.2 ft3 is the approximate storage X2.4 Subsection 4.6.3—If a consumer purchases the item
volume a of a small drawer unit with 6 reported incidents expecting it to require assembly, installing components of the
including In Depth Investigation 190628CBB3471. This vol- interlock system is no different.
ume will be evaluated as additional incidents are reported.
X2.5 Subsection 5.4.3—A factor applied to non-drawer
X2.1.2 Subsection 1.1—30 lb is based on data provided by volume is intended to balance areas behind a door with
CPSC. This weight will be evaluated if relevant incidents or drawers, if a unit with (3) drawers is under the volume
data are reported. threshold of the standard, it seems reasonable the same unit
X2.2 Subsection 3.1.2 and 3.1.4—Compartment in 3.1.4 is with (2) of those drawers changed to door space that unit would
intended to reinforce that it is part of the clothing storage unit also not be seen as a clothing storage unit. 50 % is a reasonable
while container in 3.1.2 is intended to reinforce that it could be estimate for drawer storage space relative to the cabinet space
used separately; that is, bin is not a drawer. required. For example, a 36 in. unit with one drawer that is less
than 1.2 ft3 and not intended to accommodate a TV is often
X2.3 Subsection 4.6.2—If a consumer purchases the item sold as a “nightstand,” and is not likely seen as a clothing

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Each separate volume must be reviewed independently.

FIG. X2.1 Example Jewelry Drawer

storage unit, but if the volume above or below the drawer is X2.9 Subsection 8.1.2—Levelers are generally used to ac-
counted in fall it could be classified as one. count for slight changes like carpeting, sloped floors, and to
ensure consistent appearance and operation of doors and
X2.6 Subsection 5.4.5—Spaces this small are unlikely to be drawers; they should be treated as small changes, but if the
viewed as or intended for clothing storage. Anything that could
manufacturer’s intent is to allow the unit to vary in height for
be stored is likely to be quite small/light weight.
reasons like aligning to the top of a bed or another piece of
X2.7 Subsection 5.4.6—If a space is partitioned into small furniture, the maximum attainable height is a more realistic
spaces those are not meant for, and will not be used for, indicator of potential use. The use of levelers described is
clothing storage. Often these spaces are intended for things like intended to create a “default” state to ensure consistency in
jewelry. See Fig. X2.1. measurement and consistency.

X3. BEST PRACTICES

X3.1 Warning Placement Information Informative Appen- X3.1.5 If separate, printed, assembly instructions are pro-
dix: vided with the product, the warnings from 10.2 should be
X3.1.1 This is an informative appendix to give best prac- addressed and included in the instructions and the element and
tices for warning location. font size should conform to 10.2. The instructions required by
X3.1.2 When located inside drawers, the warning should be Performance Specification F3096 shall not be subject to this
in the highest drawer that is located entirely below 56 in. from unless they also serve as the instructions for the product as a
the floor, or in a location that is capable of being located as whole. The printed assembly instructions should also indicate
described if the element(s) may be used in multiple locations. the best placement for the elements with the required warnings.
NOTE X3.1—“Addressed” means that verbiage other than what is
X3.1.3 When located behind a door, the warnings should be
shown can be used as long as the meaning is the same or information that
as close as possible to 56 in. from the floor, such that it is not is product-specific is presented.
obstructed by any fixed structures. NOTE X3.2—“Printed assembly instructions” do not include care
X3.1.4 When multiple languages are present, English manuals, sales literature, or things of similar nature, nor do they include
should be closest to the front of the unit; or, in a location that any electronic version(s) that may be available.
could be closest to the front of the unit if the element(s) may
be used in multiple locations.

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ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
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