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53 Area

The document discusses the interaction between integrals and areas. It provides two examples of calculating the area between two curves using integrals. In the first example, it finds the area between y=x and y=√x is 32/3 by evaluating the integral from 0 to 16 of (x-√x)dx. In the second example, it finds the intersections of two curves and evaluates integrals to find the area between them is 20.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
113 views12 pages

53 Area

The document discusses the interaction between integrals and areas. It provides two examples of calculating the area between two curves using integrals. In the first example, it finds the area between y=x and y=√x is 32/3 by evaluating the integral from 0 to 16 of (x-√x)dx. In the second example, it finds the intersections of two curves and evaluates integrals to find the area between them is 20.

Uploaded by

api-3738981
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

The Interaction

Between

Integrals
a b a b a b
and Areas
Z b Z b Z b
f (x)dx − g(x)dx = f (x)−g(x)dx
a a a

a b a b a b
Whether f (x) and g(x) are positive or negative,

if f (x) ≥ g(x) then f (x) − g(x) ≥ 0.

y = f (x) y = f (x) − g(x)

a b
y = g(x)
√ x
For the area between y = x and y = :
4

Solve first for the intersections:


√ x
x= ,
4
x2
x= ,
16
16x = x2,
x(x − 16) = 0

The intersections are: (x = 0, y = 0),


and (x = 16, y = 4).

We shall need only the axis intervals 0 ≤ x ≤ 16


and 0 ≤ y ≤ 4.
y

4

y= x
3

2
y= x
4

x
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
" 3
#16
16
√ x 16 1 x 1 x2
Z Z
1 2
x− dx = x − x dx = 2
3 −
x=0 4 x=0 4 2
42
0
16
2 1 2 1 2 1
    
3 3 3
2 2
= x − x
2 = 16 − 16
2 − 0 − 02
2
3 8 0 3 8 3 8
2 1 128 128 − 96 32
 
= 64 − 256 = − 32 = =
3 8 3 3 3
x
16

15 Alternatively, reverse the roles of x and y:


14

13 Z 4
12 4y − y 2 dy
11 y=0
10 x = 4y →  3 4
y
9 = 2y 2 −
8
3 y=0
7 
4 3  
0 3 
6 ← x = y2 2
= 2·4 − 2
− 2·0 −
5 3 3
4
64 64
3 = 2 · 16 − = 32 −
2 3 3
1
96 − 64 32
1 2 3 4
y
= =
3 3
For the area between x = y 3 − 3y 2 + 2y + 2
and x = 2y 2 − 4y + 2 :

Solve first for the intersections:


y 3 − 3y 2 + 2y + 2 = 2y 2 − 4y + 2
y 3 − 5y 2 + 6y = 0
y(y − 2)(y − 3) = 0

The intersections are: (y = 0, x = 2),


(y = 2, x = 2)
and (y = 3, x = 8).
The parabola’s vertex is: (y = 1, x = 0).
The intersections are: (y = 0, x = 2),
(y = 2, x = 2)
and (y = 3, x = 8).
The parabola’s vertex is: (y = 1, x = 0).

We shall need only the axis intervals 0 ≤ y ≤ 3


and 0 ≤ x ≤ 8.

Begin the graph by drawing the axes and the points


as mentioned above.
Then draw curves.
x x x

8 8 8


7 7 7

6 6 6

5 5 5

4 4 4

3 3 3

2 2 2



1 1 1
← x = 2y 2 − 4y + 2 ← x = 2y 2 − 4y + 2

y y y
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

← x = y 3 − 3y 2 + 2y + 2 ← x = y 3 − 3y 2 + 2y + 2
Note that y 3 − 3y 2 + 2y + 2 > 2y 2 − 4y + 2 for 0 < x < 2,
and that y 3 − 3y 2 + 2y + 2 < 2y 2 − 4y + 2 for 2 < x < 3.
The area between the curves is equal to:
Z 3
3 2 2
(y − 3y + 2y + 2) − (2y − 4y + 2) dy


y=0
Z 3
3 2
= y − 5y + 6y dy


y=0
Z 2 Z 3
= y 3 − 5y 2 + 6y dy + −y 3 + 5y 2 − 6y dy
y=0 y=2

2 3
Z Z
3 2 3 2

= y − 5y + 6y dy + y − 5y + 6y dy
y=0 y=2

(Just evaluate the last two integrals,


changing any negative integral to positive.)
y
2


y= 4−x
1

y =x−2
1 2 3 4
x

y =√
−1
− 4−x

Z 3 √
Z 4 √ √
4 − x − (x − 2)dx − 4 − x − (− 4 − x)dx
x=0 x=3
x
x = 4 − y2
4 Z 2
(4 − y 2) − (2 − y)dy
y=−1
Z 2
2 + y − y 2 dy
3
=
y=−1
 2 3 2
y y
= 2y + −
2 2 3 −1
x=2−y 9
=
2
1

y
−1 1 2

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