Background of the Study

Media and Information Literacy (MIL). Constitutes a composite set of knowledge,

skills, attitudes, competencies and practices that allows effective access, analysis,
critical evaluation, interpretation, use creation and dissemination of information and
media products with the use of existing means and tools on a creative, legal and
ethical basis. Information Literacy includes where to find and evaluate information
and how to use it, while Media Literacy understands how it works and produces its
various forms. It provides a framework for accessing, analyzing, evaluating, creating,
and participating in news in a variety of forms, from print to video to the internet.
Media Literacy provides an understanding of the role of the media in society as well
as the essential investigative and self expression skills needed by citizens of
democracy.

Fake news is a big problem that many people face, many are deceived by it, and often
those who are deceived by it are those who do not have enough knowledge to analyze
the real information whether it is true or not, false or inaccurate information is Fake
news. In an era where claims of "fake news" abound and more people turn to social
media for their daily updates, knowing how to find and critically appraise information
is more important than ever. (Bonnet, Jennifer L. Rosenbaum, Judith E. 2020). In
today's period where students are progressively using the information from social
media, the readers should focus on whether the students have accurate detection skills
in fake news, and how they carefully analyze the information that they will use and
share if the students still check the credibility of the information. Fake news refers to
new message that contain wrong or false information but do not report the
incorrectness information. Some researchers, such as (Allcott and Gentzkow 2016)
Defined fake news as news that is intentionally written to mislead leaders but can be
verified to be false.

The findings also suggested that the methods students employed to identify and detect
fake news after studying the MIL course were scientific and well-reasoned. Based on
the results, several recommendations are made that will be of value to researchers and
workers in this field (Zou'bi, Reem M.2022). With the help of Media and Information
Literacy, or MIL there is an impact on the student's skills in detecting fake news.
The majority of studies, past and present, have aimed to assess the effect of MIL in
enabling to develop the skills needed to identify false news for instance. (Guess et al.
2020). The Findings indicated that false news are much more likely to be identified by
those with high levels of Information Literacy, however inspiring method for students
provides them with powerful immunity to the fake news shared by users of the social
media platforms and news outlets.

Identifying fake news is important, it has the ability to tell difference between
accurate and impartial news from biased news or misinformation or disinformation.
(Also known as fake news) is an important skill.

And with the help of Media and Information Literacy (MIL) these are the skills that
might help students to detect fake news. The skill to recognize and respond to fake
news, critical thinking skills for evaluating or judging analyzing the reliability and
credibility of news sources and new forms of information. MIL has the ability to
decode, encode. Analyze, evaluate and produce media content in various from. MIL
refers to the acquisition skills that help students understand, express, create, and
interpret concepts, feelings, fact and opinions, and criticize media content. “The
confident, critical and responsible use of, and engagement with, digital technologies
for learning at work. And for participation in society.

(Lee 2010). Believes that MIL refers to the acquisition of the skills that help
individuals understand, produce, and criticize media content. Based on Lee, MIL is
not only educational and not only taught in schools; it also has the capacity to
comprehend and evaluate visible remarks on social media in order to determine
whether or not they are fake news. With the aid of MIL, we can observe that people
are producing well-organized facts that contains the truth and that they becoming
more aware of the content on social media.
The students become more reasonable and the information they acknowledge, use or
share becomes more accurate. As a result of MIL, a person becomes an information
literate person, students can identify factual information, and can find reliable sources
of information, and assess the information. Because of this aptitudes, students are able
to recognize, locate, and evaluate factual information.

The researcher's objective is to raise awareness, as well as to help students to

acknowledge the importance of Media and Information Literacy for the reason that
people are in today's generation wherein fake news and misinformation are highly
relative and impactful on individuals and in our society.
And to know the Impact of MIL on Acquisition of the Skills Needed to Detect Fake
News among Grade 12 Students at Arellano University - Jose Rizal Campus.
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The general presentation of the research problem was carried out discover and
evaluate the factor that affect the skills of the students. The purpose of the researchers
in this study is to know the skills that the students needed to detect fake news using
Media and Information Literacy (MIL).

This research with the topic “THE IMPACT OF MIL ON ACQUISITION OF THE
SKILLS NEEDED TO DETECT FAKE NEWS AMONG GRADE 12 STUDENTS
AT ARELLANO UNIVERSITY JOSE RIZAL CAMPUS.” Aims to answer the
following questions:

1. Personal Information
1.1 Name: (Optional)
1.2 Age
1.3 Gender/Sex
1.4 Strand

2. What will be the effect of fake news in society?

2.1 In terms of Social Media
2.2 In terms of Environment

3. How can students help to avoid the spread of fake news.

4. Does Media and Information Literacy (MIL) affect student’s ability to develop the
skills needed to recognize fake news in statistically significant way?

5. What are the most common methods employed by students to detect fake news
before and after studying Media and Information Literacy (MIL)?
5. Does Media and Information Literacy (MIL) affect student’s ability to develop the
skills needed to recognize fake news in statistically significant way?