Question Bank 1

Mathematics-I
Subject Code: BAS-103
1.1 Inverse of a matrix by elementary transformations
0 1 2
1. Using elementary row transformation, find the inverse of the matrix 1 2 3 [2003,2017]
 
3 1 1
3  3 4 
2. Find the inverse of the matrix A = 2  3  4, by employing elementary transformation.
0  1 1 
[2013, 2001]
3. Explain the working rule to find the inverse of a matrix A by elementary row or column
transformations. [ 2012]
4. Using elementary row transformation, find the inverse of the following matrix
 2 3 4
4 3 1 [2011]
 
1 2 4
1 1 1 
2 3 5 
1 1 1 
5. Find the inverse of the matrix   [2007]
3 5 7 
1 1 1 
 5 7 11
6. Define singular and non-singular matrices and, hence, employing elementary transformations,
0 1 2
find the inverse of the matrix A = 1 2 3 [2000]
3 1 1
1.2 Rank of a matrix ( Echelon and Normal form)
7. Use elementary transformations, find the rank of the following matrix: [2012,2017]
 2  1 3  1
1 2  3  1
A=  .
1 0 1 1
 
0 1 1  1
3 2  1
8. Find the rank of the matrix by reducing it to normal form 4 2 6 . [ 2015]
7 4 5 
 1 3  1 2 
0 11  5 3
9. Reduce A to Echelon form and then to its row canonical form where A =  .
2  5 3 1 
 
4 1 1 5
Hence find the rank of A. [ 2014]
1 1 1
10. Determine the rank of the matrix: A = 0 1 1 [2013]
 
1 0 1
 3 P P
11. Find the value of P for which the matrix: A =  P 3 P  is be of rank 1 . [2011]
 
 P P 3 
1 2 1 
12. If: A = a 0 4 and adj adj A = A , find a .[2011]
1 1 1
13. Reduce the following matrix to normal form and hence find its rank,
5 3 14 4
0 1 2 1 [2010]
 
1  1 2 0
14. Find the rank of the following matrix using the elementary transformations
1  3 1 2 
0 1 2 3 [2009]
 
3 4 1  2
2 3  2 4
 3  2 1 2
15. Find the rank of matrix  [2006]
3 2 3 4
 
 2 4 0 5
16. Use elementary transformation to reduce following matrix A to triangular form and hence
2 3  1  1 
1  1  2  4 
find the rank of A . Where A =  [2005]
3 1 3  2
 
6 3 0  7
1 2 1 4 
2 4 3 4 
17. Reduce the matrix A to its normal form when A = .
1 2 3 4
 
 1  2 6  7 
Hence find the rank of A . [2001, 2004]
18. Reduce the matrix A to the normal form and find its rank,
1 2 2 2
where A = 2 3 1 1 [2003]
 
1 3 5 5
19. Reduce the matrix A to its normal form and hence find its rank, where
 2 1  3  6
A = 3  3 1 2 [2002]
1 1 1 2 
20. Find the rank of the following matrix by reducing it to normal form
1 2  1 3 
4 1 2 1 
A=  [2001]
 3  1 1 2
 
1 2 0 1 
21. Find the rank of the matrix
1 2 3 2 
B  2 3 5 1
1 3 4 5
by reducing it into canonical form. [2000]
1.3 Consistency of Linear of Liner System of Equations and their equations
and their Solution
22. Investigate, for what values of  and  the equations:
x yz =6
x  2 y  3z = 10
x  2 y  z = 
have ( i ) No solution,
( ii ) A unique solution, and
( iii ) An infinite number of solutions. [2017, 2015, 2013, 2001, 2012]
23. Solve by calculating the inverse by elementary row operations:
x1  x2  x3  x4 = 0
x1  x2  x3  x4 = 4
[2014]
x1  x2  x3  x4 = 4
x1  x2  x3  x4 = 2
24. Test for consistency and solve the following system of equations:
2 x  y  3z = 8
 x  2 y  z = 4 [2013, 2010]
3x  y  4 z = 0
25. Test the consistency and hence, solve the following set of equations: [2012]
10 y  3z = 0
 3x  3 y  2 z = 1
2x  3y  z = 5
x  2 y = 4.
26. Show that the system of equations:
3x  4 y  5 z = A
4x  5 y  6z = B
5x  6 y  7 z = C
are consistent only if A, B and C are in arithmetic progression (A.P.). [2011]
27. Determine the value of a and b for which the following system of equations
3x  5 y  az = 7,
x  by  4 z = 3,
ax  4 y  5 z = 4
has (i ) No solution (ii ) A unique solution (iii ) Infinite no. of solutions. [2009]
28. Determine b such that the system of homogeneous equations
2x  y  2z = 0
x  y  3z = 0
4 x  3 y  bz = 0
has (i ) Trivial solution, (ii ) Non-trivial solution. Find the non-trivial solution using matrix
method. [2008]
29. Check the consistency of the following system of linear non-homogeneous equations and
find the solution if it exists:
7 x1  2 x 2  3x3 = 16
2 x1  11x 2  5 x3 = 25 [ 2007]
x1  3x 2  4 x3 = 13
30. Solve the system of equations:
2 x1  3x 2  x3 = 9
x1  2 x 2  3x3 = 6 [2006]
3x1  1x2  x3 = 8
31. Test the consistency of the following system of linear equations and hence find the solution:
4 x1  x 2 = 12
 x1  5 x 2  2 x3 = 0 [2005]
 2 x 2  4 x3 = 8
32. Find the value of  such that the following equations have unique solution:
x  2 y  2 z  1 = 0
4 x  2y  z  2 = 0
6 x  6 y  z  3 = 0
and use the matrix method to solve these equations, when  = 2 . [2003]
33. Test the consistency of the following system of linear equations and, if consistent, solve
them:
 x1  2 x 2  x3 = 3
3x1  x 2  2 x3 = 1
[2002]
2 x1  2 x 2  3x3 = 2
x1  x 2  x3 = 1
34. Test the consistency and hence solve the following set of equations
x1  2 x 2  x3 = 2
3x1  x 2  2 x3 = 1
[2001]
4 x1  3x 2  x3 = 3
2 x1  4 x 2  2 x3 = 4
35. Use matrix method, show that the equations 3x  3 y  2 z = 1 , x  2 y = 4 , 10 y  3z = 2 , and
3x  y  z = 4 are consistent and hence obtain the solution for x, y, z . [2000]
1.4 Cayley-Hamilton Theorem
  3 2
36. If A =   , then evaluate the value of the expression A  5I  2 A1 . [ 2016]
  1 0
37. Express 2 A5  3 A4  A2  4 I as a linear polynomial in A , where[ 2016]
 3 1
A=  .
  1 2
 2 1 1 
38. If A =  1 2  1
 1  1 2 
(a) State Cayley-Hamilton theorem [2005,2011]
(b) Find the characteristic equation [2003,2015]
(c) Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem for the following matrix [2004,2011,2015,2017]
(d) Compute A1 [2003,2004,2005]
(e) Evaluate A6  6 A5  9 A4  2 A3  12 A2  23 A  9 I . [2015]
1 2 3
39. If A = 2 4 5
3 5 6
(a) Find the characteristic equation
(b) Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem for the following matrix [2006, 2014]
(c) Find its inverse using this theorem [2006, 2014, 2013]
2 1 1 
40. If A = 0 1 0
1 1 2
(a) Find the characteristic equation [2002, 2012]
(b) Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem for the following matrix [2013]
(c) Compute A1 [2002]
(d) Hence find the matrix represented by
 A8  5 A7  7 A6  3 A5  A4  5 A3  8 A2  2 A  I . [2002, 2012]
2 0  1
41. Show that the matrix A = 5 1 0  satisfies the matrix equation A3  6 A2  11A  I = O ,
 
0 1 3 
where I is an identity matrix of order 3 . Find A1 . [ 2011]
1 2 
42. Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem for the matrix A =   and hence find A1 . [2008]
2 1
43. Use Cayley-Hamilton theorem to find out the inverse of the following matrix:
4 3 1 
2 1  2 [2001]
 
1 2 1 
44. State and prove Cayley-Hamilton’s theorem. [2001]
1.5 Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors
 4 2 101
45. Find the eigen values of the matrix   , corresponding to the eigen vector  . [ 2016]
 2 4 101
 3 10 5 
46. Show that the matrix A =  2  3  4, has less than three linearly independent eigen
 3 5 7 
vectors. Is it possible to obtain a similarity transformation that will diagonalize this matrix?
[2013]
47. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of the following matrix: [2012]
 3 10 5 
A =  2  3  4,
 3 5 7 
48. If 1 ,  2 ,  3 ,,  n are the characteristics roots of the n -square matrix A and k is a scalar,
prove that the characteristic roots of [ A  kI ] are 1  k ,  2  k ,  3  k , n  k . [2012]
49. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of the following matrix: [2011]
 2 1 1 
 1 2  1,
 
 1  2 2 
 8 6 2 
50. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of matrix A = . 6 7  4 [2010]
 2  4 3 
 5 2 
51. Find the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of the matrix A =   [2008]
 2  2
52. Define the eigen values, eigen vectors and the characteristic equation of a square matrix.
Find the characteristic equation/ polynomial, eigen values and eigen vectors of the matrix:
 2 5 7 
5 3 1[2007]
 
7 0 2
 1 2 2
53. Find the characteristic equation of the matrix  0 2 1
 
 1 2 2
Also, find the eigen values and eigen vectors of this matrix. [2005,2006]
 3 1 4
54. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of matrix A = 0 2 6 [2001, 2004]
0 0 5
55. Show that for any square matrix A , the product of all eigen values of A is equal to det ( A) . [
2003]
56. Show that the sum of the eigen values of a matrix is equal to the sum of the elements of its
principal diagonal. [ 2002]
57. If  be an eigen value of a non-singular matrix A , show that
(a) 1 is an eigen value of A1 .
| A|
(b) is an eigen value of adjA . [2000]

1.6 Linear Dependence and Independence of Vectors
58. Show that the following vectors for linearly dependence and find the relation between them,
if possible: [2012]
X 1 = (1,1,1,1), X 2 = (1,1,2,1), X 3 = (3,1,0,1).
1 2  2

59. Show that row vectors of the matrix  1 3 0  are linearly independent. [ 2009]
 0  2 1 
60. Find the value of  for which the vectors (1, 2,  ) , (2,1,5) and (3, 5,7 ) are linearly
dependent. [ 2006]
61. Show that the vectors: X 1 = (1,2,4), X 2 = (2,1,3), X 3 = (0,1,2) and X 4 = (3,7,2) are
linearly dependent. Find the relation between them. [ 2002]

1.7 Diagonalisation
 1 2  2
62. Reduce the matrix A to diagonal form  1 2 1 . [2000, 2003, 2005, 2016]
 1  1 0 
 3 1 1 
63. Diagonalize the following matrix A =  1 5  1 [2012]
 1  1 3 
  3 1  1
64. Show that the matrix: A =  2 1 2  is diagonalizable. [2011]
 
 0 1 2 
1 6 1
65. Diagonalize the matrix 1 2 0 [2006]
0 0 3

1.8 Complex and Unitary Matrices

1 1 1
1 
67. Show that: A =  1   2  is unitary matrix, where  is complex cube root of unity.
3
1  2  
[2016]
 2 3  2i  4
68. If A = 3  2i 5 6i  Then show that A is Hermitian and iA skew Hermitian matrix.
  4  6i 3 
[2013]

 0 1  2i 
69. Define a unitary matrix. If N = 
0 
is a matrix, then show that
 1  2i
( I  N )( I  N ) 1 is a Unitary Matrix where I is an identity matrix. [2000, 2012]
 1 i 1 i 
 i 0 2  3i 
70. Express the Hermitian matrix  as P  iQ , where P is a real symmetric
1  i 2  3i 2 
 
 
and Q is real skew symmetric matrix. [2011]
 i 0 0
71. Show that: 0 0 i  is Skew-Hermitian and also unitary. [ 2011]
0 i 0
 a  ic  b  id 
72. Show that the matrix   is a unitary matrix if and only
b  id a  ic 
if a 2  b 2  c 2  d 2 = 1 . [2010]
  i 2  3i 4  5i 

73. Express the matrix A = 6  i 0 4  5i  as a sum of Hermitian and skew Hermitian

  i 2  i 2  i 
matrix. [2009]
2  i 3  1  3i 
74. If A =   show that A* A is a Hermitian matrix, where A* is the conjugate
  5 i 4  2i 
transpose of A . [2002]
75. Define Hermitian and Skew Hermitian matrices. If A be any square matrix, find the nature
(Hermitian and Skew Hermitian) of the following matrices: A  A , AA and A  A
where A means transpose conjugate of A . [2001]

1.9 Short answer type questions of module 1

1 1 1
1. Reduce the matrix   into its normal form and find its rank. [2012,2017]
 3 1 1 
2. For what value of x , the eigen values of the given matrix are real [2016]
10 5  i 4 

A =  x 20 2 .
 4 2  10
 5  3 1 0
 prove that A = 19 A  30 I . [2016]
3
3. For the given matrix A =   and I = 
 2 0   0 1 
4. Examine whether the vectors X 1 = [3,1,1], X 2 = [2,0,1], X 3 = [4,2,1] are linearly independent.
[ 2015]
 1 0 0

5. If A =  2  3 0  , find the eigen values of A2 . [ 2015]
 1 4  2
1 2
6. Find the inverse of the matrix by using elementary row operations, A =   . [ 2015]
5 7
7. Define Vector space. [ 2013]
 0 i 3
8. Show that the matrix  7 0 5i  is Hermitian matrix. [ 2013]
 3i 1 0 
 3 1 2
9. Find the rank of the following matrix by reducing into Echelon form 6 2 4. [ 2013]
3 1 2
 1 0 0 
10. Find the eigen values of A , where A = 2 3 0 . [ 2013]
2
 
3 4 5
1 1
11. Evaluate eigen values of .  [ 2013]
1 1

1  1 1  i
12. Prove that the matrix A =   is unitary. [ 2012]
3 1  i  1 
1 2
13. Calculate the inverse of the matrix:  . [ 2011]
5 7 
1 1 1
14. The eigen values of 1 1 1 are [ 2011]
 
1 1 1
(a) 0,0,0 (b) 0,0,1 (c) 0,0,3 (d) 1,1,1
1 1 1
15. The rank of matrix 1 1 1 is [ 2011]
1 1 1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3