_______________________________________________

5.1 Looking at the

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• Antonio de Morga Sánchez Garay

Filipino Past was born in Seville. He graduated
from the University of Salamanca in
1574 and in 1578 received a
At the end of the session you must be able to:
doctorate in canon law. He taught
briefly in Osuna, and then returned
1. Argue the reason why Jose Rizal to Salamanca to study civil law. In
decided to annotate Antonio Morga’s 1580 he joined the government
work, Sucesos de Las-islas Filipinas service as a lawyer. Among other
2. Relate how Rizal’s annotation positions in Spain, he held that of
conform with the overall aims of the auditor general of the galleys. In
propaganda movement 1582 he was serving as mayor of
3. Create their own annotations of a Baracaldo in Vizcaya when he first
sample married, to Juana de Briviesca de
Munotones.
• In August 1593 he was notified that
he had been selected as Lieutenant
Vocabulary:
to the Governor-General of the
Audencia - the Royal Audencia or the royal court Philippines, starting what would
of justice in Spain and its colonies become 43 years of colonial service.
He traveled accompanied by his
Ecclesistics - the religious missionaries family, 14 servants, three black
slaves and his collection of books.
secular - having ideas and attitudes not Following the route of that time, he
determined by any religious bias sailed from Cadiz in February 1594,
arriving in Mexico in May. During the
following period of preparation for
Introduction the Pacific voyage, he heard two
important cases, and supervised the
During the Spanish colonial period, Philippines supplying of the two ships to be used.
history was primarily written by the Spaniards. He also recruited 200 soldiers for the
Early Spanish historians took note of the native’s garrison in Manila. They departed
appearance and the way of life. Jose Rizal Acapulco on March 22, 1595,
annotation of Antonio Morga’s work, Sucesos de reaching Manila on June 11, 1595.
las Filipinas, was an attempt to redress this biased He had the second-most powerful
view of the Filipinos. Although Rizal’s annotations position in the colony.
have been “ largely disregarded.” His work has • He first served under Governor-
been credited as the first Philippine history to be General Luis Pérez Dasmariñas, who
written from the viewpoint of a Pilipino. was interim after his father's death.
Francisco Tello de Guzmán soon
Presentation succeeded him, and Morga reported
to him during most of his time in the
• Auidencia- the Royal Audencia or the colony. In his account of the colonial
royal court of justice in Spain and its Philippines published in 1609, Morga
colonies noted the miserable condition
• Ecclesiastics- the religious suffered by many of the
missionaries Spanish/Mexican soldiers, who were
• Secular- having ideas and attitudes young, ill-paid and suffered in that
not determined by any religious bias unfamiliar environment. Few wanted
to settle in Manila, and higher-level
 government officials also sought to knew the workings of the
leave the colony in a few years. His administration from the inside.
first two reports to the Crown • Rizal’s Objectives
covered a wide variety of topics,
mentioning Japan, Mindanao, and 1.To awaken the consciousness of the Filipinos
China, in addition to civil, military and regarding their glorious ways of the past
ecclesiastical activities within the
colony. 2. To correct what has been distorted
• He issued regulations for about the Philippines due to Spanish
administrative reform, known as the conquest
Ordenzas. Among his reforms was to 3. To prove that Filipinos are civilized
restore the audencia. In 1598 he even before the coming of the
resigned as lieutenant governor to Spaniards
assume the office of oidor, or judge,
in the newly re-established
• Blumentritt’s Influence on Rizal
Audiencia of Manila. The position
Ferdinand Blumentritt has
required his removal from much
encouraged Rizal to write about the
public life.
Philippines’ pre-colonial History.
SUCESOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS - An account
ON RIZAL’s ANNOTATION
of Spanish observations about the Filipinos and
the Philippines. THE FIRST OBJECTIVE

• Background information/ Important • The Early Filipino Pride

information about Sucesos de las
Islas Filipinas
Rizal strove to establish that the Filipinos could be
• Antonio De Morga - Author of proud of their pre-conquest past.
Sucesos de las islas Filipinas
• This is one of the first books ever to THE SECOND OBJECTIVE
tackle Philippine history.
• Book that describes the events inside • History as a Propaganda Weapon
and outside of the country from
1493 to 1603, including the history
Rizal aimed to use history as a propaganda
of the Philippines.
weapon.
• Consist of 8 Chapters
• Discuss the political, social and
economical aspects of a colonizer • EARLY GOVERNMENT
and the colonized country.
• The content of the book is based on Our forefathers in the pre-colonial Philippines
documentary research, observation already possessed a working judicial and
and personal experience of Morga. legislative system
• Rizal is a secondary source of the
book due to his Annotations. • HIGH LITERACY RATE
• Antonio de Morga Spanish lawyer
and official in the Philippines during The Spanish missionaries exploited the baybayin
the 17th century. for their own ends, learning and using it to
• The Philippines was named in honor translate their goals
of King Philip II of Spain.
• EARLY ARTILLERY
EVENTS, HAPPENINGS, OCCURRENCE
Our ancestors were very proficient in the art of
• The Sucesos is the work of an honest war. Aside from wielding swords and spears, they
observer, a versatile bureaucrat, who
also knew how to make and fire guns and 2. Spaniards, like any other nation, treat
cannons. food to which they are not
accustomed or is unknown to them
• SMOOTH FOREIGN RELATIONS with disgust. This fish that Morga
mentions is bagoong (salted &
The pre-colonial Filipinos had already established fermented fish)
trading and diplomatic relations with countries as
far away as the Middle East Morga’s Sucesos

• SELF- SUFFICIENT 1. Philippines was DESERTED and

INHABITABLE.
In terms of food, our forefathers did not suffer 2. Beef and fish they know it best when
from any lack thereof. Blessed with such a it has started to rot and stink Rizal’s
resource-rich country, they had enough for Annotations vs. De Morga’s Sucesos
themselves and their families ...

• ADVANCED CIVILIZATION RIZAL’S 3 PROPOSITIONS

Our ancestors possessed a complex working 1. The people of the Philippines have a
society and a culture replete with works of arts culture on their own, before the
and literature coming of the Spaniards
2. Filipinos were decimated,
IMPORTANT POINTS demoralized, exploited, and ruined by
the Spanish colonization
• Sucesos De Las Islas Filipinas is the 3. The present state of the Philippines
first book to tackle the Philippine was not necessarily superior to its
history. past
• The book discusses the political,
social and economical aspects of a JOSE RIZAL AS PHILIPPINES’ NATIONAL HERO
colonizer and the colonized country.
• The book that describes the events • Rizal gave us freedom by using
inside and outside of the country goodness.
from 1493 to 1603, including the • Jose Rizal became the Philippines’
history of the National Hero because he fought for
freedom in a silent but powerful way.
Philippines. • He expressed his love for the
Philippines through his novels, essays
• The pre-colonial Philippines already and articles rather than through the
possessed a working judicial and use of force or aggression.
legislative system
• Spanish missionaries put an end to “To foretell the destiny of a nation, it is necessary
the baybayin written system of the to open the books that tell of her past.” - Rizal
Philippines to translate their goals
IMPORTANCE OF RIZAL’S ANNOTATIONS TO
• Our ancestors possessed a complex
THE PRESENT GENERATION
society and culture filled with arts
and literature
1. To awaken in the Filipinos the
consciousness of our past
RIZAL’s Annotations
2. To devote ourselves to studying the
future
1. Philippines was NOT DESERTED and
3. To first lay bare the past, in order to
was actually HABITABLE. better judge the present and to
 survey the road trodden during three Introduction
centuries
4. To prove Filipinos had a culture of In the opening scene of Noli Me Tangere, a
their own, prior to colonization, that social gathering in the house of Kapitan Tiago
the Filipinos were NOT inferior to serves as a venue for guests to mingle and
the white man converse. In one such occasions, Father Damaso
5. To shatter the myth of the so-called explicitly states his opinion of the indio.While
“Indolence of the Filipinos” speaking to a young man about the native
6. To reduce those Filipinos who denied Filipinos, Damaso exclaims, “ As I believe in the
their native tongue into rotten fish Gospel!The Indian is so indolent!” To this young
7. To seriously study Tagalog and man poses the question, Does this indolence
produce a comprehensive Tagalog actually, naturally, exist among the natives or is
dictionary there some truth in what a foreign traveler says
8. To embrace the generic term “Indio”, that with indolence we excuse our own, as well
or in today’s case, Filipino, with all its backwardness and our colonial system?”
negative connotations, and turn it Indolence in the natives was a view commonly
into one of dignity and nobility held by foreigners who came to the Philippines as
evident in the conversation narrated above. Rizal
Summary and the other propagandists, however, felt that
this view was misguided and made efforts for its
Rizal's annotations of Sucesos de Las Islas rectification. One such attempt was through
Filipinas may be considered an attempt to write Rizal’s essay, “ Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinas”
Philippine history from the point of view of a ( On the Indolence of the Filipinos), which will
Filipino . With the publication of this work, Rizal serve as the topic of this chapter.
provided a linear view of history with Noli Me
Tangere showing a view of the present, El
Filibusterismo and "The Philippines a Century Presentation
Hence" illustrating a view of the future, and the
annotations clarifying a view of the past. indio- a term used by the Spaniards to refer to the
native Filipinos; occasionally used in a derogatory
In addition, Rizal's annotations should also be
manner
understood within the context of propaganda
work that Filipinos in Spain were engaged in. The Moro piracy – a series of raids in several
annotations explored the possibilities of creating Philippine towns committed by Muslims from
a Filipino identity anchored clearly on a pre- Mindanao during the seventeenth
Spanish past. to eighteenth centuries

_______________________________________________
______________________________________

5.2 Indolence or • Indolence or Industry Sobre la

Indolencia de los Filipinos ("On the
Industry Indolence of the Filipinos" in Spanish)
is a socio-political essay published in
La Solidaridad in Madrid in 1890. It
Hello everyone! for our second module the was written by José Rizal as a
following Intended Learning Outcomes will be response to the accusation of Indio
realized: or Malay indolence. Before the
Spaniards came, we were active and
1. Explain the factors that cause the honest in trading; we use our abilities
indolence of Filipinos;and and resources for our country’s
2. Defend their personal views on the benefits, and we never corrupt.
question of the indolence of the Besides that, we are industrious and
Filipinos. passionate, independent, value
 nature, and protective and defensive Rizal enumerates several reasons that may have
of our territory. When the Spaniards caused the Filipinos' cultural and economic
came we became gamblers, decadence. The frequent wars, insurrections, and
dependent, powerless, corrupt, invasions have brought disorder to the
amnesiacs (makakalimutin), disloyal communities. Chaos has been widespread, and
to our “identity”, and indolent. Being destruction rampant. Many Filipinos have also
discontent, having continual wars been sent abroad to fight wars for Spain or for
and tolerance, due to slavery, getting expeditions. Thus, the population has decreased
deceits from the Spaniards, allowing in number. Due to forced labor, many men have
pirates from the south (Mindanao been sent to shipyards to construct vessels.
Muslim pirates), and lacking unity, Meanwhile, natives who have had enough of
the Filipinos became indolent. abuse have gone to the mountains. As a result, the
farms have been neglected. The so-called
indolence of Filipinos definitely has deeply rooted
causes.
• CHAPTER 1 SUMMARY:
• CHAPTER 4 SUMMARY:
Rizal admits that indolence does exist among the
Filipinos, but it cannot be attributed to the Filipinos, according to Rizal, are not responsible
troubles and backwardness of the country; rather for their misfortunes, as they are not their own
it is the effect of the backwardness and troubles masters. The Spanish government has not
experienced by the country. Past writings on encouraged labor and trade, which ceased after
indolence revolve only on either denying or the government treated the country's neighboring
affirming, and never studying its causes in depth. trade partners with great suspicion. Trade has
One must study the causes of indolence, Rizal declined, furthermore, because of pirate attacks
says, before curing it. He therefore enumerates and the many restrictions imposed by the
the causes of indolence and elaborates on the government, which gives no aid for crops and
circumstances that have led to it. The hot climate, farmers. This and the abuse suffered under
he points out, is a reasonable predisposition for encomenderos have caused many to abandon the
indolence. Filipinos cannot be compared to fields. Businesses are monopolized by many
Europeans, who live in cold countries and who government officials, red tape and bribery
must exert much more effort at work. An hour's operate on a wide scale, and rampant gambling is
work under the Philippine sun, he says, is tolerated by the government. This situation is
equivalent to a day's work in temperate regions compounded by the Church's wrong doctrine
which holds that the rich will not go to heaven,
• CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY: thus engendering a wrong attitude toward work.
There has also been discrimination in education
against natives. These are some of the main
Rizal says that an illness will worsen if the wrong
reasons that Rizal cites as causing the
treatment is given. The same applies to indolence.
deterioration of values among the Filipinos.
People, however, should not lose hope in fighting
indolence. Even before the Spaniards arrived,
Rizal argues, the early Filipinos were already • CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY:
carrying out trade within provinces and with other
neighboring countries; they were also engaged in According to Rizal, all the causes of indolence can
agriculture and mining; some natives even spoke be reduced to two factors. The first factor is the
Spanish. All this disproves the notion that Filipinos limited training and education Filipino natives
are by nature indolent. Rizal ends by asking what receive. Segregated from Spaniards, Filipinos do
then would have caused Filipinos to forget their not receive the same opportunities that are
past. available to the foreigners. They are taught to be
inferior. The second factor is the lack of a national
• CHAPTER 3 SUMMARY: sentiment of unity among them. Because Filipinos
think they are inferior, they submit to the foreign
culture and do everything to imitate it. The
solution, according to Rizal, would be education government officials and friars were the first to
and liberty. engage in all sorts of bets and gambles.

Seventh, there was a crooked system of religion.

• ISSUES AND CAUSES OF
The friars taught the naïve Filipinos that it was
INDOLENCE:
easier for a poor man to enter heaven, and so they
preferred not to work and remain poor so that
First, the establishment of the Galleon Trade cut they could easily enter heaven after they
off all previous associations of the Philippines died. Lastly, the taxes were extremely high, so
with other countries in Asia and the Middle East. much so that a huge portion of what they earned
As a result, business was only conducted with went to the government or to the friars. When the
Spain through Mexico. Because of this, the small object of their labor was removed and they were
businesses and handicraft industries that exploited, they were reduced to inaction.
flourished during the pre-Spanish period gradually
disappeared. Summary
Second, Spain also extinguished the natives’ love Rizal's essay, "On the Indolence of the Filipinos,"
of work because of the implementation of forced provided a compelling argument about the trait
labor. Because of the wars between Spain and foreigners criticized the Filipinos for - laziness.
other countries in Europe as well as the Muslims Rather than accept the view that indolence was
in Mindanao, the Filipinos were compelled to an inherent characteristics among Filipinos, Rizal
work in shipyards, roads, and other public works, presented a persuasive view of the
abandoning agriculture, industry, and commerce. circumstances that brought about the Filipino's
indolence and the factors that might have
Third, Spain did not protect the people against
maintained it. In the end, Rizal contended that the
foreign invaders and pirates. With no arms to
Filipino's predisposition through education and
defend themselves, the natives were killed, their
freedom.
houses burned, and their lands destroyed. As a
result of this, the Filipinos were forced to become
nomads, lost interest in cultivating their lands or
in rebuilding the industries that were shut down,
and simply became submissive to the mercy of
God. 5.3 El
Fourth, there was a crooked system of education,
if it was to be considered an education. What Filibusterismo :
were being taught in the schools were repetitive
prayers and other things that could not be used
by the students to lead the country to progress. Context and
Content
There were no courses in Agriculture, Industry,
etc., which were badly needed by the Philippines
during those times.

Fifth, the Spanish rulers were a bad example to

despise manual labor. The officials reported to
work at noon and left early, all the while doing At the end of he lesson you must be able to:
nothing in line with their duties. The women were
seen constantly followed by servants who 1.Trace the meaning of the term
dressed them and fanned them – personal things Filibusterismo across time;
which they ought to have done for themselves.
2. Explain the historical context in
Sixth, gambling was established and widely which El Filibusterismo was written;
propagated during those times. Almost every day 3. Examine current events through the
there were cockfights, and during feast days, the eyes of the characters ; and
4. Evaluate Rizal as a novelist
 • February 1888 - rizal continued
working oh his novel and made some
Vocabulary: revisions while he was in London.
• March 29, 1891 - complete the novel
filibustero - ( nineteenth century context)- after three years in biarittz france.
translated as " subversive", a patriot who was • September 18, 1891 - book
usually associated with revolutionary published in Ghent with the help of
activities his friend Valentin Ventura.
• Rizal sent 2 copies to Hongkong one
guardia civil - police/military force assigned for Basa and the other to Sixto Lopez.
by the colonial government to maintain peace The original manuscript and a printed
and order copy gave to Valentin Ventura with
his autograph.
cabeza de barangay - head of the barangay • El Fili - is dedicated to Gomburza, the
three priest accused of being
filibusters in 1872.
• Gomburza - Don Mariano Gomez -
died 73 years old.- Don Jose Burgos
- died 35 years old.-Don Jacinto
Introduction Zamora - died 37 years old.
Rizal's second novel, El Filibusterismo , is a • February 17, 1872 - gomburza
publicly executed by garrote in
story set in twilight years of the Spanish
Bagumbayan on the early morning.
colonial government in the Philippines . It was
first translated into English by Charles
Derbyshire in 1912 under the title , Reign of NOLI
Greed. The book according to the translator " Themes that can be seen in the story "El Fili
represents Rizal's more mature judgment on begins where the Noli leaves off where:
political and social conditions in the islands ,
and in its graver and less hopeful tone -Love
reflects the disappointments and -Romance
discouragements which he had encountered
-Aspiration
in his efforts to lead the way to reform.
-Heroism
Presentation -Mercy

• El filibusterismo - Rizal second novel -Idealism

sequel to the Noli Me Tangere.
• The Reign of Greed - traslated into EL FILI
english by Charles Derbyshire in
Turns to :
1912.
• Filibustero - a patriot who was -Hatred
usually associated with revolutionary
activities. -Pain

__________________________________________ -Bitterness
__________________________________________
-Anger
_
-Disillusionment
HISTORY AND CONTEXT
-Vengeance
THE PRINTING
 the friars. Using his position, Simoun
encouraged corruption and more
• In 1890, Wenceslao Retana wrote oppressive government policies to
about the “ filibuster” and described enrage the people and thus provoke
the term as “ the one who, eager for them to revolt.
the independence of the country, • Simoun’s plans of revolution failed
resorts to various extralegal twice. In his first attempt, he decided
proceedings in order to reach the not to give signal for the outbreak of
objectives that he pursues’ (Aguilar, the uprising upon hearing the news
2011) of Maria Clara’s death. Basilio and
• By the end of the nineteenth century, the other students were the arrested
the Spanish colonial government for allegedly forming a seditious
defined” filibuster: as “someone who organization. Simoun arranged the
works for the separation of our release of Basilio who became bitter
overseas provinces” and vengeful. However, he was very
grateful to Simoun and offered his
full support for the revolution. The
SYNOPSIS second attempt at starting a
revolution entailed the planting of a
Plot
bomb at wedding reception of
Paulita Gomez and Juanito Pelaez.
• The story of El Filibusterismo Illustrious guests at the mansion
revolved around the main character, included Padre Salvi and the
Simoun, who was the rich jeweller. governor general. In Simouns’s plan,
Simoun was actually Crisostomo the revolution would be triggered by
Ibarra of the Noli whom everyone his gift to the couple, a kerosene
thought was killed by the guardia civil lamp with an explosive. When the
at the Laguna de Bay thirteen years lamp starts flickering and someone
ago. He was able to escape and fled turns the wick, there would be an
to Cuba. He became wealthy and was explosion, signaling the
able to establish connections with revolutionaries to attack all
prominent Spaniards officials. Upon government buildings in Manila.
his return to the Philippines, Simoun • As planned, Simoun gave the lamp
became very influential being the during the reception. Before leaving
consultant of the governor general. the venue, he left a note with a
• Simoun came back with his grand message: “You will die tonight,”
plan to exact revenge on Spanish signed by Crisostomo Ibarra.
officials and to rescue Maria Clara Meanwhile, when Basilo saw all the
who entered the convent after people at the venue, his conscience
learning the news of Ibbara’s death. bothered him. He saw his friend
He planned to launch a revolution. Isagani, who was secretly watching
Planting a bomb at the wedding his love, Paulita, celebrating her
ceremony which he started by wedding. Basilio told Isagani about
smuggling arms and recruiting the explosive and asked him to leave
followers, mainly from the exploited the place.
and abused natives. One of his • When Padre Salvi confirmed Ibarra’s
recruits was Basilio, the son of Sisa. handwriting, the guess began to
With the help of Capitan Tiago, panic. The lamp flickered and Padre
Basilio was able to study medicine in Irene tried to turn the wick. But
Manila. Simoun also began to Isagani, wanting to save Paulita, ran
establish an alliance with Kabesang into the house, grabbed the lamp,
Tales and his revolutionary group. and threw it into the river where it
Kabesang Tales was a former cabeza exploded.
de barangay who was maltreated by
 • Simoun took refuge in the house of a Rizal's annotations of Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas may be considered
an attempt to write Philippine history from the point of view of a
kind Filipino preist, Padre Florentino. Filipino . With the publication of this work, rizal provided a liear view of
The guardias civiles, however, history with Noli Me Tangere showing a view of the present, El
Filibusterismo and "The Philippines a Century Hence" illustrating a view
learned about the whereabouts of of the future, and the annotations clarifying a view of the past.
the fugitive, and informed the priest
In addition, Rizal's annotations should also be understood within the
that they would come in the evening context of propaganda work that Filipinos in Spain were engaged in.
to arrest Simoun. The annotations explored the possibilities of creating a Filipino identity
• Instead of surrending to the anchored clearly on a pre-Spanish past.

authorities, Simoun poisoned Rizal's essay, "On the Indolence of the Filipinos," provided a compelling
himself. As the poison started to take argument about the trait foreigners criticized the Filipinos for -
laziness. Rather than accept the view that indolence was an inherent
effect on his body, he confessed to characteristics among Filipinos, Rizal presented a persuasive view of
Padre Florentino his true identity and the circumstances that brought about the Filipino's indolence and the
his plans for revenge. After the long factors that might have maintained it. In the end, Rizal contended that
the Filipino's predisposition through education and freedom.
and redius confession, the priest told
Simoun that his plans might have This topic traced the history of the term filibustero and how the
Filipinos defined the concept during Rizal's time. For the Spaniards, a
failed because of the unjust means filibustero was someone who reveled against the government while
that were used. He assured Simoun for the indios, he was a patriot who fought for the country's freedom.
Compared to Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo showed how Rizal
that there was still hope for the matured as a writer. This transformation could be seen in the main
freedom of the country. character Simoun who changed from being a moderate ilustrado to a
• The story ended with Padre revolutionary jeweler and planned to launch a revolution against the
colonial government. Through this novel, one could see how a victim of
Florentino throwing Simouns’s oppression and injustice could turn into an influential revolutionary.
jewels into the sea so that they
would not be used by the greedy. He
also prayed that when the right time
comes, the treasure would be
recovered and used for a noble 6.1 El Filibusterismo:
Continuing
purpose.

Summary
This topic traced the history of the term
Relevance
filibustero and how the Filipinos defined the At the end of the lesson you must be able to:
concept during Rizal's time. For the
Spaniards, a filibustero was someone who
1. Discuss the summary and the
reveled against the government while for
Important themes in El
the indios, he was a patriot who fought for
Filibusterismo;
the country's freedom. Compared to Noli Me
2. Explain why a knowledge of
Tangere, El Filibusterismo showed how Rizal
History is Important in reading a
matured as a writer. This transformation
historical novel; and
could be seen in the main character Simoun
3. Examine the conditions of the
who changed from being a moderate
Philippine society through Rizal’s
ilustrado to a revolutionary jeweler and
El Filibusterismo.
planned to launch a revolution against the
colonial government. Through this novel, one
could see how a victim of oppression and Vocabulary
injustice could turn into an influential
revolutionary. reform- improvement or change to better
state (social, economic, and political
institutions)
Module 5 Summary revolution – a violent attempt to overthrow
a government
principalia class- the ruling and usually the mirror was not meant to
educated upper class in the nineteenth reveal our image, but the image of
century Philippines the people and the society of
Rizal time Renato Constantino
relevance of Rizal’s teachings
• Council to stay in Madrid and
Introduction
write there is very benevolent;
This topic will focus on the important but I can not and I must not
themes tackled by Rizal in his second novel. accept it. I can not stand life in
Through these themes , the national hero' Madrid; there we are all "vox
views and ideas about the different aspects clamantis in deserto"; my
of society can be examined . relatives want to see me and I
want to see them too; Nowhere is
life as pleasant to me as in my
homeland, next to my family. I am
still not Europeanized as the
Filipinos of Madrid say; I always
want to return to the country of
Presentation my aborigines. "The goat always
throws the bush," they told me.
• One hundred twenty years after Rizal responded to Blumentritt. In
Rizal’s execution, his writings a letter dated 19 June 1887, the
remain socially relevant. The ills patriot wrote: Revolution as a
that he rallied against inept Means of Social Change
leadership, corruption, abuse of
women, and the influence of the • Rizal himself was admired as a
Catholic Church over political and good leader.His colleagues in the
social affairs- are still persisting in Propaganda Moverment repected
the Philippine society today. him because he showed a kind of
• Rizal’s main objective in writing El leadership that was not motived
filibusterismo is to expose the by personal interest.The call for a
Philippine situation as he good leadership could leadership
witnessed during his time. could be gleaned from El Fili
• The importance of Rizal’s ideas when he stressed the importance
for our generation has a twofold of National sentiment to guard
basis first the applicability to the society against all kinds of
present –day problems, and injustices and oppression On
second ,their inspirational value. leadership and Governance
Rizal holds a mirror to our face
and we see ourselves our vices • At the time that Simoun was
our defects ,our meanness, planning to launch the
because the conditions he revolution,students including
describes are the very conditions Basilio were also fighting for the
we see around us,and the establishment of a school that
characters he portrays are people would allow natives to learn the
we continue to meet. One hand Spanish language.Simoun
holds a mirror to shame us and strongly reated against the
the other points the way to our project advocated by the
regeneration.Yet the truth is that
 students.For him ,it would mean The lustful parish priest of Tiani, San Diego's
the death of national identity and adjacent town who has longtime desires for
the institutionalization of young women. He nearly raped Juli causing
Tyranny.In Chapters 6 (Basilio) the latter to commit suicide.
AND 7 ( Simoun), Simoun
expressed his disapproval of the Hermana Penchang
students’program ,convincing Sagpang's rich pusakal (gambler). She offers
Basilio to join him in his plan of Juli to be her maid so the latter can obtain
revolution instead. On Education money to free Kabesang Tales. Disbelieving
and Language of Juli and her close friends, she considers
• Jose Rizal through the character herself as an ally of the friars.
of Padre Florentino, a patriotic
Filipino priest in El Fili.Rizal saw Juli
the youth as future of the country
because this generation would Huli - Juliana de Dios, the girlfriend of Basilio,
one day lead the nation. Their and the youngest daughter of Kabesang
actions today would shape the Tales. To claim her father from the bandits,
path of tomorrow.  Rizal she had to work as a maid under the
stressed the important role of the supervision of Hermana Penchang.
youth in challenging the Eventually, she was freed but committed
government as seen in the efforts suicide after Father Camorra attempted to
of students like Basilio and Isagani rape her.
to organize themselves and unite
to call for reforms. On the Filipino
Youth Summary

CHARACTER: This topic showed hoe El filibusterismo could

be used in examining the Philippine
Kabesang Tales conditions during Rizal's time. through his
novel, readers got a glimpse of the kind of
Cabeza Telesforo Juan de Dios, a former
society where Rizal had lived. The characters
cabeza de barangay (barangay head) of
might be fictional but most of the situations
Sagpang, a barangay in San Diego's
in the story were actual or portrayals of
neighboring town Tiani, who resurfaced as
similar events that happened in the past.
the feared Luzón bandit Matanglawin. He is
the son of Tandang Selo, and father of Juli
and Tano. 6.2 The Destiny of
Placido Penitente
the Filipino People
A student of the University of Santo Tomas
who was very intelligent and wise but did not Good day were almost done for module 6:
want, if not only by his mother's plea, to The Intended Learning Outcomes are:
pursue his studies. He also controls his
temper against Padre Millon, his physics 1. Present Rizal’s arguments on
teacher. During his High School days, he was what the Philippines will be like in
an honor student hailing from Batangas. the future.
2. Summarize Rizal’s essay “The
Padre Camorra
Philippines a Century Hence.
Vocabulary: reforms, the Filipino will likely
become independent after a
Spanish Cortes - the government body in violent and bloody revolution.
charge of drafting laws pertaining to Spain • The final part of Rizal’s work
and its colonies presents another interesting
point of discussion since he
attempts to look into the future of
the country. He argues that if the
Philippines becomes free in the
Introduction future, this independence will be
short-lived since the United
Rizal’s work, The Philippines a Century
States of America will probably
Hence: was serialized in La Solidaridad in four
acquire and colonize the country
installments from September 30, 1889 to
as one of their own territories.
January 31, 1890. In this essay, Rizal
• In the end, Rizal makes a strong
attempts to answer the basic question of
assertion that it is imperative for
whether the Philippines will remain a Spanish
Spain to grant the Filipinos
colony or not. Rizal’s essay titled “ The
reform, for as he eloquently
Philippines a Century Hence” presents
states, “It is better to keep pace
compelling arguments on what the state of
with the desire of a people that to
the country will be like in the future.
give way before them; the former
Presentation begets sympathy and love, the
latter contempt and anger.”
• The first part of Rizal’s essay does
this by illustrating that with the Summary
arrival of the Spaniards, the
The essay " The Philippine a Century Hence"
Filipinos were forced to accept
was Rizal 's attempt to answer the question
the subject themselves to a new
of whether or not the Philippines would
and foreign culture.
continue to remain a colony of Spain. By
• By the nineteenth century,
presenting sound arguments, Rizal made a
economic conditions had become
compelling case that the Philippines would
better in the Philippines and Rizal
only remain a colony of Spain if the Filipinos
recognizes this. However, beyond
were granted reforms , particularly the
the material prosperity, he points
freedom of the press and representation in
out that the Filipinos remain
the Spanish Cortes, Without these reforms ,
brutalized and oppressed. Since
Rizal foresaw the eventual the independence
advancement or progress is
of the Philippines resulting from a violent
clearly inevitable, Rizal poses the
revolution.
question on whether the
Philippines will remain a colony of
Spain despite all the changes.

6.3 Biography and

• He states that the Philippines will
remain a colony of Spain if the
mother country implements
reforms such as freedom of the National History
press and representation in
the Rizal also concedes that if Hello! Topic 3.3 has the following Intended
Spain does not grant these Learning Outcomes:
 1. Explain the history of biographical • Early colonial Filipino biographies,
writing in the Philippines, and therefore, are narratives of Filipino
2. Appraise the importance of fighters who were seen as “enemies
biography and national history. of the state.”
• The study on biographies broadened.
One monumental work in the history
Vocabulary of life-writing in the country is that of
biography – the story of one’s life written by E. Arsenio Manuel in 1955, a four-
someone else volume compilation
entitled Dictionary of Philippine
national history- the study of a nation’s past Biography.
events • Two years after, D. H. Soriano and
Isidro L. Retizos published The
social context- physical and social setting in which Philippines Who’s Who, a book about
people live the lives of 400 Filipinos and their
achievements.
• Historian and biographer Gregorio
Zaide also published his Great
Filipinos in history in 1970.
• He and his daughter revised the book
in 1988 with the title Rizal and Other
Introduction Great Filipinos, featuring the
biographies of forty heroes, foremost
In the previous topics , you have seen how Rizal's of which is Rizal. The purpose of the
biography has been incorporated in the context revised book, as summed up by Sonia
of Philippine history and society. You have Zaide was “to inspire the younger
learned that the story of an individual is best generations of Filipinos to love and
understood within a historical setting which can serve their country.
help you chart the major turning points of his/her
• Today, many Filipino biographies
life. Rizal , as a product of his time, cannot be fully
have been written. Undoubtedly,
understood without looking at the period in which
Jose Rizal’s life and works have
he lived. Such factors are important in the study
always been the favorite subject of
of his life and works.
writers and biographers. Among the
Presentation most known biographies of Rizal
include the books of Austin Craig
Biography in Philippine History (1913); Carlos Quirino (1940); Rafael
Palma (1949); Leon Ma. Guerrero
• The Philippines history noted the (1963) ;Gregorio Zaide (1981); and
publication of the considered first Austin Coates (1992).
biographies focusing on the life of • Historical biographies, therefore,
the missionaries who worked in the serve as means or tools to study the
evangelization of the natives. lives and experiences of Filipinos,
• These Spanish-written narratives can Particularly of Philippines heroes
be read in religious chronicles and from which one can learn and be
histories citing the missionaries ‘ inspired to serve the country.
important roles in building churches
or even bridges and fortresses.
• Filipino biographies can only be
Biography and National History
found in the accounts of the Spanish
priests who reported on how they
defended the Spain and the Catholic • In history,it is always important to
faith against the Filipino “enemies”. connect the individual’s life story
with the historical situation he/she
 was in. Remember that the goal of The essay " The Philippine a Century Hence" was Rizal 's attempt to
answer the question of whether or not the Philippines would continue
studying a biographer is to “read a to remain a colony of Spain. By presenting sound arguments, Rizal made
society through an individual’s story”( a compelling case that the Philippines would only remain a colony of
Spain if the Filipinos were granted reforms , particularly the freedom of
Ferratori, 1983) the press and representation in the Spanish Cortes, Without these
• Understanding Rizal, therefore, reforms , Rizal foresaw the eventual the independence of the
Philippines resulting from a violent revolution.
means comprehending the context
of his time. Rizal’s biography, for Biography could be a tool in understanding a particular period of
example, is not complete without history. the life of an individual could not be detached from the milieu
that shaped his/her views and ideas. this chapter showed how the
mentioning the Industrial Revolution study of biography could be an integral factor in understanding the
and the American revolution which broader context of national history.
happened years before he was born.
• The social impact of these events
shaped the society in which Rizal had
lived. Moreover, Rizal’s life covers
the period from 1861 to 1896;
therefore, it is inevitable to look into
the events in the Philippines during
the nineteenth century.
• Specific episodes in Philippine
history , like the rise in power of the
Catholic Church called by the
reformists as frailocracy; the opening
of the Suez Canal and the Philippines
to free trade; the liberal rule of Carlos
Ma. Dela Torre; the Cavite Mutiny of
1872 that resulted in the execution
of Gomburza; and the founding of
the Propaganda Movement in the
1880s, were all significant in shaping
Rizal’s views and ideas.
• Rizal was born and grew up in a
period of massive changes not just in
Europe but also in Spain and the
Philippines.

Summary
Biography could be a tool in understanding a
particular period of history. the life of an
individual could not be detached from the milieu
that shaped his/her views and ideas. this chapter
showed how the study of biography could be an
integral factor in understanding the broader
context of national history.

Module 6 Summary
This topic showed hoe El filibusterismo could be used in examining the
Philippine conditions during Rizal's time. through his novel, readers got
a glimpse of the kind of society where Rizal had lived. The characters
might be fictional but most of the situations in the story were actual or
portrayals of similar events that happened in the past.