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Bearings

Bearings have common parts like cages and locknuts that help support them. Proper clearances and fits are important for mounting bearings correctly. Bearing life can be calculated using formulas that consider loads and other factors.

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Ihsan Ahmed
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185 views30 pages

Bearings

Bearings have common parts like cages and locknuts that help support them. Proper clearances and fits are important for mounting bearings correctly. Bearing life can be calculated using formulas that consider loads and other factors.

Uploaded by

Ihsan Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bearings

ANTI FRICTION BEARING PARTS


Following diagrams show the common parts of bearings.
Locknut and Washer is used for holding bearing in place as shown
below.
Cages types for roller bearing: Window Type, Finger Type.
For proper support of bearing in the housing or on the shaft the
chamfer radius of bearing should always be greater than fillet radius of
housing or shaft.
Above: Threaded Locknut and washer assembly keep bearing tight in
place.
Below:
NOMENCLATURE FOR BEARINGS
A typical bearing is the 6203ZZ bearing. This part number can be
divided into its components:
6203 ZZ
which means:
 Type Code (up to ####)
 Series (up to ##)
 Bore
 Suffix
The type code indicates the type of bearing. While each manufacturer
uses their own numbers, there are a few numbers that could be
considered standard in the industry.

Self-Aligning Ball Bearing


This kind of ball bearing has a spherical outer race,
1 allowing the axis of the bearing to "wander around".
This is important because misalignment is one of the
big causes of bearing failure.

2 Spherical Roller Bearing


Double-Row Angular Contact Ball Bearing
3
Designed to take axial as well as radial loads.

Double-Row Ball Bearing


4
Designed for heavy radial loads.

Thrust Ball Bearing


5
Intended for exclusively axial loads.

Single-Row Deep Groove Ball Bearing


6 Typical ball bearing. Handles light axial loads as well
as radial loads.

7 Single-Row Angular Contact Bearing


For axial (one direction only!) as well as radial loads.
Angular contact ball bearings have raceways in the
inner and outer rings that are displaced with respect
to each other in the direction of the bearing axis. The
axial load carrying capacity of angular contact ball
bearings increases with increasing contact angle. But
speed decreases. The contact angle α is defined as
the angle between the line joining the points of
contact of the ball and the raceways in the radial
plane, along which the load is transmitted from one
raceway to another, and a line perpendicular to the
bearing axis.

Felt Seal
To assure that the entire inside edge of the seal
8 touches the inner ring, the inner ring is enlarged. If a
bearing of more normal proportions is required, the
outer ring is also enlarged, and the bearing is
referred to as a "wide cup" bearing.

Tapered Roller Bearing

32 This is the kind of wheel bearings used in cars. The


rollers are not cylindrical, but conical. They handle
large raidal and axial loads.

Inch (Non-Metric) Bearing


If the bearing is an inch bearing (the first digit in the
R number is an R), then the size is the digit or digits Varies
immediately following the R, in 16ths of an inch. An
R8-2RS bearing, for example, has an 8/16th or 1/2
inch bore.

Cylindrical Roller Bearing

N Instead of balls, cylindrical rollers are used. These


bearings can handle much more radial load, but can
handle much less axial load, than ball bearings.
Double-Row Roller Bearing
NN Handles greater radial loads than standard cylindrical
roller bearings.

Needle Roller Bearing

NA Needle bearings are basically roller bearings, but the Varies


rollers are much smaller, making the bearing more
compact.

Series
Width series
8, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (For Roller: Wider with increasing number)

Diameter Series
8, Extra thin section 9, Very thin section 0, Extra light 1, Extra
light thrust 2, Light 3, Medium 4, Heavy
Light vs Heavy Diameter Series Comparison
Consider the following three bearings:

Number Bore mm O.D. mm Thickness mm

6010-2RS 50 80 16

6210-2RS 50 90 20

6310-2RS 50 110 27

We can see from the part numbers that they're all 50mm single-row
deep groove ball bearings. However, we can also see that they're each
a different diameter series; specifically, Extra Light, Light, and Medium.
Compare the O.D. and thickness of each bearing, and you can see how
the Extra Light bearing (series 0) is the smallest, and the Medium
Bearing (series 3) is the largest. The larger bearing can take much more
load than the smaller bearing, though how much depends on the
manufacturer and the RPM the bearing is run at.
Bore Size
The third and fourth digits indicate the bore size in millimeters. Except
for 0 through 3, the bore size is simply five times the third and fourth
digits together. 0 through 3, however, are different:
00 10mm

01 12mm

02 15mm

03 17mm

If there is no fourth digit - for example, a 608 bearing, a common roller


skate bearing - then the size is the last digit in millimeters.
Suffix
The last letters indicate something special about the bearing. For
example:
Z, Single shielded

ZZ, Double shielded

RS Single sealed

2RS Double sealed (Seal can prevent from moist atmosphere and splashes while it cannot be used for
high speed applications)

V Single non-contact seal (Non-contact: in which seal does not touch inner race) VV Double non-
contact seal

DDU Double contact seals

NR Snap ring and groove

M Machined Brass cage (cages are usually pressed, molded or machined steel, brass or polyamide)

J Steel Cage

TVP Solid window polyamide cage

UA Universal design, pairs have a small axial clearance (For angular contact)

UO Universal design, pairs have a zero clearance (For angular contact)


BEARING LIFE CALCULATIONS
The rating life of a group of nominally identical ball or roller bearings is
defined as the number of revolutions (or hours at a constant speed)
that 90 percent of a group of bearings will achieve or exceed before the
failure criterion develops. The terms minimum life, L 10 life, and B10 life
are also used as synonyms for rating life.
Formula for calculating this life is:
L10 = (C/Fe)a × 106
Where Fe is Equivalent Radial Load
Fe = XiV Fr + Yi Fa
However the Adjusted Life is given as

BEARING CLEARANCES
Clearances for Bearing (usually written in suffix)

Reduced Normal Extra

C1, 2 CN or no suffix C 3,4,5

Values of these clearances can be found for specific bearings


Bearing Setting: The amount of clearance or interference within a
mounted bearing.
Below: Orange arrows indicate preload.
Adjustable Bearings
Bearings with separable races that may be moved relative to one
another to modify the clearance in the bearing.
Clearance is measured AXIALLY, along shaft centerline.

Internal clearance from the factory is not applicable, as clearance is set


at time of assembly
Adjustable bearings
– Tapered
– Angular-Contact Ball
– Spherical Thrust
Bench End Play: The axial clearance is also termed BEP. After mounting
tight fit this clearance is reduced and is termed Mount End Play. Also
temperature reduces BEP further.
The correct BEP is maintained by adjusting spacers with the inner/outer
ring as shown in the preset assemblies and unground spacer method
(under it):
TDI (two row double inner cone) face to face
TDO (two row double outer race/cup) back to back; resists overturning
moment.
Up: Direct X mounted Down: Indirect O mounted (for high overturning
moment).
Non-Adjustable Bearings
Bearings shipped with internal clearance from the factory. Internal
clearance from the factory is modified by controlling the amount of fit
between the outer race and housing, and between the inner race and
shaft.
Clearance is measured RADIALLY
Non-adjustable bearings
– Ball
– Spherical
– Cylindrical
– Needle

TOLERENCE
Allowable variation in a dimension. Following are the tolerance classes
for bearing dimensions against particular bore diameter. For machining
tolerances see Fits.
BEARING MOUNTING AND DISMOUNTING
Below: Removing Bearing

Misalignment tolerances:
Self-aligning ball bearings: up to around 4 º if sealed then around 1.5 º
Spherical roller bearings: up to around 0.5 º
Safe Mounting:
TOOLS FOR MOUNTING AND DISMOUNTING
Induction heater
Pumps
Shafts are sometimes given grooves inside inner rings hydraulic
pressure applied through these groves can loosen the bearing for
removal.
Plate Heater
External/Internal Puller (Spider and Tri-section plate)
Are of different types. Can be hydraulic as well.
Above: Internal Puller
Hydraulic Nut
To drive up tapered shaft; axial drive up method is used via hydraulic
nut. See video in FAG Folder.
BEARING HOUSINGS
TYPES OF FIT
Depending on the mutual position of tolerance zones of the coupled
parts, 3 types of fit can be distinguished:
A. Clearance fit
It is a fit that always enables a clearance between the hole and
shaft in the coupling. The lower limit size of the hole is greater or
at least equal to the upper limit size of the shaft.
B. Transition fit
It is a fit where (depending on the actual sizes of the hole and
shaft) both clearance and interference may occur in the coupling.
Tolerance zones of the hole and shaft partly or completely
interfere.
C. Interference fit
It is a fit always ensuring some interference between the hole and
shaft in the coupling. The upper limit size of the hole is smaller or
at least equal to the lower limit size of the shaft.
BEARING FAILURE

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