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Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 9:
Illustrating Mutually Exclusive and Not
Mutually Exclusive Events, Solving Problems
Involving Probability

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Mathematics – Grade
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 9: Illustrating Mutually Exclusive and Not Mutually Exclusive
Events, Solving Problems Involving Probability
First Edition, 2020

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Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module is prepared so that you, our dear learners,

can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are clearly stated
for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lessons prepared
for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons

in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing
this module if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s
assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of
each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We
trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main test, Notes to the teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based
learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises and tests. Read the instructions carefully before
performing each task.

If you have any question in using this SLM or any difficulty in

answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your
teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

This module is intended to develop the students’ critical thinking involving the
compound conditions or events that are possible outcomes of given conditions.
Distinguishing mutually exclusive from not mutually exclusive events will let them
be able to illustrate these situations.
Being able to identify the events, students will also be learning how to get the
probabilities of more complex events like compound events which are mutually and
not mutually exclusive.
In these lessons you will learn to:
1. illustrate mutually exclusive and not mutually exclusive events (M10SP-IIIi-1)
2. solve problems involving probability (M10SP-IIIi-j-1)

What I Know

Directions: Answer the following questions. Write the letter of the correct answer on
a separate sheet/s of paper.

1. What is the probability of getting an even number or a prime number when

you roll a die once?
1 5 4
A. 1 B. C. D.
2 6 6

2. When picking a card in a standard deck of cards, getting a face card or a red
card is an example of what kind of event?
A. Mutually exclusive event B. Not Mutually Intrusive Event
C. Mutually Intrusive Event D. Not Mutually Exclusive Event

3. Which one describes mutually exclusive?

A. Disjoint Sets B. Universal Sets
C. Joint Sets D. Null Sets

4. You are asked to pick a number from 1-75 at random, what is the probability
that the first number picked is divisible by 5 or an even number?
1 2 4 3
A. B. C. D.
2 5 5 5

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5. In a bowl containing balls numbered from 1-10, you are asked to pick one ball.
What is the probability of getting an even or a prime number?
9 4 6
A. B. C. D. 9
10 5 5

6. You have 5 black pens, 3 blue pens and 2 red pens in your bag. If you picked
a pen at random, what is the probability that you picked a black or a blue?
5 3 4 8
A. B. C. D.
10 5 5 9

7. A coin is tossed thrice, what is the probability of getting exactly 1 head?

1 3 3 5
A. B. C. D.
5 8 5 8

8. You are asked to give a 2-digit number from 1,2,3,4 and 5. What is the
probability that your number is not repeated?
2 4 3 1
A. B. C. D.
5 5 5 5

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 Lesson Illustrating Mutually Exclusive
and Not Mutually Exclusive
1 Events

In the previous lesson, you learned to find the probability of union of two sets.
In this lesson, you will learn to illustrate the exclusivity of two events from
each other.

What’s In

Directions: Answer the following questions and write your solutions and answers on
a piece of paper.

Suppose A and B are events for which it is known using the Venn diagram
below, then calculate the following:

a. What is P(A)?
b. What is P(B)? S
A B
c. What is P(AC ∩B C )?
d. What is P(AUB)? 0.15
. 0. .25 0.20
.
0.40

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 What’s New

1. Your mother was contemplating on which

plant to buy. There were only three choices left
because many of the “plantitas” were mass
buying during the pandemic. Her choices were an
orange flower with a black pot, a purple flower
with a yellow pot or a blue flower with a green pot.
Your mother wanted a black flower pot but also
wanted a blue flower. But she just had enough
money for one plant. Is it possible that she will have both of her wants?

2. While your mother was deciding on which plant to buy, another buyer arrived.
They were looking for a plant with a purple flower or an orange pot. Do you think
they will be able to buy a plant with both elements?

What is It

Mutually Exclusive Events are two different events that are impossible to
occur at the same time. It can also be a condition where there is a set of elements
that is divided into subsets which have no common elements. When we say that two
events are mutually exclusive it can also be written as P (A∩B) = 0. If the given events
have an intersection or at least a common element, this is now called not mutually
exclusive events.

To illustrate this concept, let us have a set of numbers to be labeled from 1-

15 and all will be put in a bowl where you will be picking a ball. Let’s say the Universal
Set U contains as shown below. Two events will be given, A and B. Event A is a set
of odd number. Event B is a set of multiples of 4.
Let U= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15}
A= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11,13, 15}
B= {4, 8, 12}

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To illustrate in Venn diagram, we have,

1 3 5 4 U
7 9 11 8 12
13 15
A B
2 6 10 14

As you can see in the Venn diagram, the two sets of numbers have no
intersection that is therefore an indication that the two events cannot occur
simultaneously if you will only draw a ball once. Since each ball only represents one
number. This means that the two given events are mutually exclusive.

1. If you will get the probability of the union of events A or B, just add the
probabilities of the two given events.
8 3
P(A) = P(B) =
15 15
Solution:
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B)
8 3
P(A ∪ B) = +
15 15
11
P(A ∪ B) =
15

2. Using a standard deck of cards, let’s say that you are to pick a card randomly
that is a heart or a face. Is it possible that you pick a card that is a heart or a
face card?

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 As seen in the figure, there are cards that are both heart and face cards. This
means that there is a possibility that you will pick a random card that is a heart or
a face card simultaneously. Therefore, the given events are “Not Mutually Exclusive”.

In getting the probability of not mutually exclusive events, follow this

formula P(AUB)=P(A)+P(B)-P(A ∩ B)
13 12 3
P(A) = P(B) = P(A∩B) =
52 52 52
13 12 3
P(A ∪ B) = + −
52 52 52
22
P(A ∪ B) =
52
11
P(A ∪ B) =
26

What’s More

A. Directions: On a sheet of paper, write ME if the situation is mutually exclusive

and NME if not mutually exclusive.

______1. Turn clockwise or turn counter clockwise

______2. Drawing an ace or a diamond card
______3. Rolling a die, landing on a prime number or a number divisible by 2
______4. Tossing a coin once, getting a head or a tail
______5. Drawing a face card or a number divisible by 4

B. Directions: Get the probability of the following and write it on a sheet of paper.
Your classmate created a spinning wheel that is equally divided into 12 and
labeled from 1-12. If you are asked to spin the wheel once,

1. What is the probability that the pointer will stop at an odd or divisible by 3?
2. What is the probability that the pointer will stop at an even number or
prime?
3. What is the probability that the pointer will stop at an even number or a
multiple of 5?
4. What is the probability that the pointer will stop at a number less than 4 or
a prime?
5. What is the probability that the pointer will stop at a number greater than 9
or a multiple of 4?

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: Write True if the given situations are mutually exclusive. If not, change
the underlined word to make it mutually exclusive. Write your answers on a piece
of paper.

1. Browsing on Facebook or playing Mobile Legends

2. Studying or watching a movie
3. Running forward or running backward.
4. Rolling a die, getting a number less than 3 or a prime number
5. Going to a birthday party or going to a wedding

What I Can Do

Directions: Do the following activities. Write your solutions and answers on a sheet
of paper.

Suppose you are given 10 green balls labelled from 1-10, 5 red balls also
labelled from 1-5 and 7 yellow balls labelled from 1-7. All of them are put in a bag
and you are asked to pick a ball once.

1. Give at least 2 different pairs of conditions that are considered to be

mutually exclusive.
2. What is the probability that you will get a red ball labelled with an even
number or a yellow ball labelled with an odd number?
3. What is the probability that you will get a green ball labelled with a number
less than 5 or an even number?

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 Lesson
Solving Problems Involving
2 Probability

In the previous lesson, you learned how to distinguish and illustrate mutually
exclusive and not mutually exclusive events.
In this Lesson, you will be learning to solve more problems that are related to
probability.

What’s In

Directions: On a sheet of paper, write ME if the situation is mutually exclusive and

NME if it is not mutually exclusive.

Your new smart phone had just arrived and you tried if you can do somethings
at the same time like:
1. Playing background music or texting
2. Playing online game or browsing on facebook
3. Watching on youtube or using the camera
4. Playing background music or watching on youtube
5. Using the camera or being in an online class

What’s New

In a game of chance, there are balls numbered from 1-25. You will only have
one chance in picking a ball and the possible prizes are the following: A school bag
for multiples of 10; 3 notebooks for multiples of 5; and a set of pens for multiples of
4. How big is your chance in winning a school bag or a set of pens?

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 What is It

To get the probability of more complex events, you will be utilizing techniques
that you have learned from the previous lessons such as getting the number of
possible combinations, permutations and the fundamental counting principle.
Probability 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑃=
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒
Sample space for tossing a coin
𝑛(𝑆) = 2𝑛
Sample space for rolling a die
𝑛(𝑆) = 6𝑛
Probability of Not Mutually Exclusive
P(AUB)= P(A) + P(B) – P(A∩B)
Events

Probability of Mutually Exclusive

Events P(AUB)= P(A) + P(B)

𝑛!
Permutation nPr = (𝑛−𝑟)!

𝑛!
Combination C(n, r) =
𝑟! (𝑛−𝑟 )!

Here is an example of a simple event probability.

Example 1. You are asked to get the probability of getting a head when flipping a
coin,
n(S)= 2
n(H)=1

1 𝑃=
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡

1
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒
𝑃=
2
Therefore, the probability of getting a head by
flipping a coin
1 2 once is
1
2
or 0.5

We can also determine the probability of certain events that can happen in
situations when we do the activity multiple times. Using the fundamental principle

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of counting, you can easily determine the sample space of the given situation. This
can also be used to get the number of outcome for given events.
In tossing a coin multiple times, 𝑛(𝑆) = 2𝑛 where 𝑛 is equal to the number of
times you toss the coin.

Example 2. In tossing a coin 3 times, what is the probability of getting exactly 2

heads?
Solution:
𝑛(𝑆) = 2𝑛
= 23
=8
𝑛 (exactly two heads) = 3
3
P (exactly two heads) = 8
3
Answer:
8
In rolling a die multiple times, 𝑛(𝑆) = 6𝑛 where n is equal to the number of times
you roll the die.

Example 3. In rolling a die three times, what is the probability of getting 3 even
numbers?
Solution:
𝑛(𝑆) = 6𝑛
= 63
= 216
𝑛( 𝑡hree even numbers) = 3 × 3 × 3 = 27 Since, there are 3 even numbers on a
die.
27 𝟏
𝑃( 𝑡hree even numbers) = =
216 𝟖
1
Answer:
8

Relating to mutually and not mutually exclusive events, study this example.

Example 4: Using a standard deck of cards, solve for P(AUB)

A) Event A: picking a card divisible by 5
Event B: picking an even number card
Solution:
Since events A and B are not mutually exclusive,
P(AUB)= P(A) + P(B) – P(A∩B)
8 20 4
P(AUB)= + –
52 52 52
24
=
52
6
=
13

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Answer:
13

B) Event A: picking a 3 Event B: picking a face card

Solution:
Since the events are mutually exclusive,
P(AUB)= P(A) + P(B)
4 12
P(AUB )= +
52 52
16
=
52
4
=
13
4
Answer:
13

Permutation and Combination can also be used in certain probability problems.

Example 5. A 6-digit code is needed to unlock a padlock. Using the digits
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9, what is the probability that the number code
does not have a repeated digit?
Solution:
We can use the fundamental principle of counting to get the total
number of codes. There are 10 possible values so n(S)= 10𝑛 where n is the
number of digit needed.
n(S)= 106 = 1,000,000
To get the total number of codes that has no repetition of numbers, you
𝑛!
will use the formula for permutation, nPr = , where n is the number of
(𝑛−𝑟)!
possible values and r is the number of digits taken.
𝑛!
nPr = (𝑛−𝑟 )!
, n≥ r
10!
10 𝑃6 = (10−6)!= 151, 200
Getting the probability of the event given,

P = 10 6𝑃
n(S)
151,200
=
1,000,000
1512
=
10,000
189
=
1250
189
Answer:
1250

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Example 6. Out of 10 talented members of the SPA Club, only 3 major characters
are needed to portray the major role in the short film they are producing. If
the talented members consist of 4 boys and 6 girls, what is the probability
that all the characters will be played by girls?
Solution:
In this problem, the order in which the characters will be picked does
𝑛!
not matter so n(S)= C(n, r) = where n is the number of students and r
𝑟! (𝑛−𝑟 )!
is the number of characters to be picked.
10!
n(S)= = 120
3! 10−3)!
(
To get the number of ways that all the characters will be girls. We will
𝑛!
again use the formula for combination, C(n, r) = , where n is the
𝑟! (𝑛−𝑟 )!
number of girls and r is the number of characters to be picked.
6!
C(6, 3) = = 20
3! (6−3)!
Therefore,
20
P=
120
1
=
6
1
Answer:
6

What’s More

A. Directions: Solve and answer the following on a sheet of paper.

A married couple agreed to have 4 children. Determine the probability of the
following:
1. There are exactly 2 males.
2. There is exactly 1 female.
3. All the children are males.

B. Directions: Solve and answer the following probability problems on a sheet of

paper.
1. You are asked to give a password of your game account. It consists of 4 digits
and the possible digits are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9. What is the probability
that all the digits in your code are odd?
2. In rolling a die 3 times, what is the probability of getting all even numbers?
3. In tossing a coin 5 times, what is the probability of getting all tails?

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 What I Have Learned

Directions: Copy the given table on a sheet of paper. Check (/) the level of
understanding for each skill/competency using 4 – very clear, 3 – clear, 2 – slightly
clear and 1 – not clear.

Level of Understanding
Skills/Competencies
4 3 2 1
1. identifying the formula for each kind of probability problem
2. solving probability problems
3. relating into real life situation involves probability
4. describing different events in probability

What I Can Do

Directions: Do the following activities. Write your solutions and answers on a sheet
of paper.
Create your own problems involving the probabilities such as: (a) simple
events; (b) mutually exclusive event; (c) not mutually exclusive event, then solve.

Rubric for this activity

Criteria 10 7 4 1
1. Neatness and The work is The work is The work is The work
Organization presented in a neat, presented in a presented in an appears sloppy
clear, organized neat and organized and
fashion that is easy organized fashion but may unorganized. It
to read. fashion that is be is hard to know
usually easy to hard to read at what
read. times. information goes
together.
2.Strategy/ Typically, uses an Typically, uses Sometimes uses Rarely uses an
Procedures efficient an effective an effective effective
and effective strategy strategy to strategy to solve strategy to solve
to solve the problems, but problems.
solve the problem(s). problem(s). does not do it
consistently.
3. Completion All problems are All but one of All but two of Several of the
completed. the problems the problems problems are
are are not
completed. completed. completed.

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 Assessment

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answers on a sheet of paper.

1. This is an event composed of two or more simple events.

A. Mutually Exclusive Event B. Complex Events
C. Not Mutually Exclusive Events D. Compound Event

2. The formula P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) is for.

A. Mutually Exclusive Events B. Complex Events
C. Not Mutually Exclusive Events D. Compound Event

For numbers 3-5

A basket is filled with 5 cabbages, 3 carrots, 4 ripe papayas, 3 oranges
and 5 unripe guavas. If you are asked to pick one item randomly, what is the
probability of the following:

3. The item picked is a green or a fruit.

4 7 16 17 3
A. B. C. D.
5 10 20 4

4. The item picked is an orange-color or a fruit.

11 8 17 3
A. B. C. D.
10 15 20 4

5. The item picked is a green or a vegetable.

22 13 17 7
A. B. C. D.
20 20 20 10

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Assessment What I Have Learned (Lesson 1) What’s In (Lesson 2)
1. D. A. 1. NME
1. True
2. A. 2. True 2. ME
3. True
3. C. 4. 2 3. ME
5. True
4. D. 4. ME
5. B. 5. NME
What’s More (Lesson 2)
A. B. What I Know
3 3
1. 1.
What’s More (Lesson 1) 8 250
1 1 1. C
2. 2.
4 8
1 1
A. B. 3. 3. 2. D
2 16 32
1. ME 1.
3
3. A
2. NME 5
2.
6
4. D
3. NME
7
3.
12 5. B
4. ME
1
4. What’s In (Lesson 1) 6. C
5. ME 2
5 A. 7. B
5.
12 a. 0.40
b. 0.45 8. B
c. 0.40
d. 0.60
Answer Key
References
Books:

Callanta, Melvin M. et al. 2015. Mathematics – Grade 10 Learner’s Module.

Pasig City, Philippines 1600 REX Book Store. pp.319-340

Pascua, Leonarda B. et al. 1997-Mathemetics IV Textbook Philippines Book

Media Press. pp. 182-184

Website:

http://www.milefoot.com/math/discrete/counting/cardfreq.htm

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