Scribd
Upload
11 views6 pages

Exp 1

The experiment implements a linear regression model to predict salary based on years of experience using a dataset from a Salary_Data.csv file. The model is trained on a training set split from the dataset and used to predict salaries for the test set. Visualizations of the training and test results show the regression line plotted against actual data points. The model is able to accurately learn the correlation between experience and salary from the training data and make predictions for the test set.

Uploaded by

Mr. S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views6 pages

Exp 1

The experiment implements a linear regression model to predict salary based on years of experience using a dataset from a Salary_Data.csv file. The model is trained on a training set split from the dataset and used to predict salaries for the test set. Visualizations of the training and test results show the regression line plotted against actual data points. The model is able to accurately learn the correlation between experience and salary from the training data and make predictions for the test set.

Uploaded by

Mr. S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Machine Learning 1

EXPERIMENT NO 1
Title: To implement Linear Regression
Lab Objective: To implement an appropriate machine learning model for the given
application.

Theory:
1. We will begin with importing the dataset using pandas and also import other libraries
such as numpy and matplotlib.
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

dataset = pd.read_csv('Salary_Data.csv')
dataset.head()

2. Now that we have imported the dataset, we will perform data preprocessing.
X = dataset.iloc[:,:-1].values #independent variable array
y = dataset.iloc[:,1].values #dependent variable vector
The X is independent variable array and y is the dependent variable vector. Note the
difference between the array and vector. The dependent variable must be in vector and
independent variable must be an array itself.
3. Now that we have imported the dataset, we will perform data preprocessing.

X = dataset.iloc[:,:-1].values #independent variable array


y = dataset.iloc[:,1].values #dependent variable vector
The X is independent variable array and y is the dependent variable vector. Note the
difference between the array and vector. The dependent variable must be in vector and
independent variable must be an array itself.
4. We need to split our dataset into the test and train set. Generally, we follow the 20-80
policy or the 30-70 policy respectively.

Why is it necessary to perform splitting? This is because we wish to train our model
according to the years and salary. We then test our model on the test set.
We check whether the predictions made by the model on the test set data matches what was
given in the dataset.
If it matches, it implies that our model is accurate and is making the right predictions.

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split


X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X,y,test_size=1/3,random_state=0)
We don’t need to apply feature scaling for linear regression as libraries take care of it.

5. From sklearn’s linear model library, import linear regression class. Create an object
for a linear regression class called regressor.

Name – Aarushi Tiwari Roll no. 60


Machine Learning 2

To fit the regressor into the training set, we will call the fit method – function to fit the
regressor into the training set.
We need to fit X_train (training data of matrix of features) into the target values y_train. Thus
the model learns the correlation and learns how to predict the dependent variables based on
the independent variable.

from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression


regressor = LinearRegression()
regressor.fit(X_train,y_train) #actually produces the linear eqn for the data

6. We create a vector containing all the predictions of the test set salaries. The predicted
salaries are then put into the vector called y_pred.(contains prediction for all observations in
the test set)
predict method makes the predictions for the test set. Hence, the input is the test set. The
parameter for predict must be an array or sparse matrix, hence input is X_test.
y_pred = regressor.predict(X_test)
y_pred

y-pred output
y_test

y-test output
y_test is the real salary of the test set.
y_pred are the predicted salaries.
Visualizing the results
Let’s see what the results of our code will look like when we visualize it.
1. Plotting the points (observations)
To visualize the data, we plot graphs using matplotlib. To plot real observation points ie
plotting the real given values.
The X-axis will have years of experience and the Y-axis will have the predicted salaries.
plt.scatter plots a scatter plot of the data. Parameters include :

1. X – coordinate (X_train: number of years)


2. Y – coordinate (y_train: real salaries of the employees)
3. Color ( Regression line in red and observation line in blue)
2. Plotting the regression line
plt.plot have the following parameters :

1. X coordinates (X_train) – number of years


2. Y coordinates (predict on X_train) – prediction of X-train (based on a number of years).

Name – Aarushi Tiwari Roll no. 60


Machine Learning 3

Note : The y-coordinate is not y_pred because y_pred is predicted salaries of the test set
observations.

#plot for the TRAIN


plt.scatter(X_train, y_train, color='red') # plotting the observation line
plt.plot(X_train, regressor.predict(X_train), color='blue') # plotting the regression line
plt.title("Salary vs Experience (Training set)") # stating the title of the graph
plt.xlabel("Years of experience") # adding the name of x-axis
plt.ylabel("Salaries") # adding the name of y-axis
plt.show() # specifies end of graph
Prerequisite Software and Command:
 Python 3 and above
 Pip install numpy
 Pip install pandas
 Pip install matplotlib
 Pip install sklearn
(These above command should be run only once)
Program Code:
# importing the dataset
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

dataset = pd.read_csv('Salary_Data.csv')
dataset.head()

# data preprocessing
X = dataset.iloc[:, :-1].values #independent variable array
y = dataset.iloc[:,1].values #dependent variable vector

# splitting the dataset


from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X,y,test_size=1/3,random_state=0)

# fitting the regression model


from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
regressor = LinearRegression()
regressor.fit(X_train,y_train) #actually produces the linear eqn for the data

# predicting the test set results


y_pred = regressor.predict(X_test)
y_pred

Name – Aarushi Tiwari Roll no. 60


Machine Learning 4

y_test

# visualizing the results


#plot for the TRAIN

plt.scatter(X_train, y_train, color='red') # plotting the observation line


plt.plot(X_train, regressor.predict(X_train), color='blue') # plotting the regression line
plt.title("Salary vs Experience (Training set)") # stating the title of the graph

plt.xlabel("Years of experience") # adding the name of x-axis


plt.ylabel("Salaries") # adding the name of y-axis
plt.show() # specifies end of graph

#plot for the TEST

plt.scatter(X_test, y_test, color='red')


plt.plot(X_train, regressor.predict(X_train), color='blue') # plotting the regression line
plt.title("Salary vs Experience (Testing set)")

plt.xlabel("Years of experience")
plt.ylabel("Salaries")
plt.show()

Sample Output:

Program Output:

Name – Aarushi Tiwari Roll no. 60


Machine Learning 5

Name – Aarushi Tiwari Roll no. 60


Machine Learning 6

Conclusion: Linear Regression model implemented with experiential experimental


model on given data set of Salary Data csv file for prediction of salary and experience.

Name – Aarushi Tiwari Roll no. 60

You might also like