Introduction to Machine Learning Course Code: 4350702

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (GTU)

Competency-focused Outcome-based Green Curriculum-2021 (COGC-2021)

Semester -V
Course Title: Introduction to Machine Learning
(Course Code: 4350702)

Diploma programme in which this course is offered Semester in which offered

Computer Engineering 5th semester

1. RATIONALE
Machine learning focuses on the use of data and algorithms to perform learning similar to the
way human learns. To solve recent problems in Computer domain it is important to
understand the need of machine learning and apply machine learning methods in efficient
ways. Every student of Computer Engineering must therefore understand the blue prints of
machine learning approaches and must be able to apply learning methods on available
datasets. This course will help students to build up core competencies in understanding
machine learning approaches and students will be able to design and train machine learning
modes for various use cases.

2. COMPETENCY

Students acquire the ability to assess and analyze outcomes produced by machine learning
algorithms and models, while enhancing their capacity for critical thinking in addressing
practical challenges.

3. COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

The practical exercises, the underpinning knowledge, and the relevant soft skills associated
with this competency are to be developed in the student to display the following COs:

The student will develop underpinning knowledge, adequate programming skills of

competency for implementing various applications using python programming language to
attain the following course outcomes.

a) Describe basic concept of machine learning and its applications

b) Practice Numpy, Pandas, Matplotlib, sklearn library’s inbuilt function required to solve
machine learning problems
c) Use Pandas library for data preprocessing
d) Apply supervised learning algorithms based on dataset characteristics
e) Apply unsupervised learning algorithms based on dataset characteristics

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Introduction to Machine Learning Course Code: 4350702

4. TEACHING AND EXAMINATION SCHEME

Teaching Scheme Total Credits Examination Scheme
(In Hours) (L+T/2+P/2)
Theory Marks Practical Marks
Total Marks
L T P C CA ESE CA ESE

3 - 4 5 30 70 25 25 150

(*): Out of 30 marks under the theory CA, 10 marks are for assessment of the micro-project to
facilitate integration of COs and the remaining 20 marks is the average of 2 tests to be taken
during the semester for the assessing the attainment of the cognitive domain UOs required for
the attainment of the COs.
Legends: L-Lecture; T – Tutorial/Teacher Guided Theory Practice; P -Practical; C – Credit, CA -
Continuous Assessment; ESE -End Semester Examination.

5. SUGGESTED PRACTICAL EXERCISES

The following practical outcomes (PrOs) are the subcomponents of the COs. These PrOs need
to be attained to achieve the COs.

Approx.
S. Unit
Practical Outcomes (PrOs) Hrs.
No. No.
required

Explore any one machine learning tool. I 4

1
(like Weka, Tensorflow, Scikit-learn, Colab, etc.)

Write a NumPy program to implement following operation

 to convert a list of numeric values into a one-dimensional NumPy
array
2  to create a 3x3 matrix with values ranging from 2 to 10 II 4
 to append values at the end of an array
 to create another shape from an array without changing its data(3*2
to 2*3)

Write a NumPy program to implement following operation

 to split an array of 14 elements into 3 arrays, each with 2, 4, and 8
3 II 4
elements in the original order
 to stack arrays horizontally (column wise)

Write a NumPy program to implement following operation

 to add, subtract, multiply, divide arguments element-wise
 to round elements of the array to the nearest integer
4 II 4
 to calculate mean across dimension, in a 2D numpy array
 to calculate the difference between neighboring elements, element-
wise of a given array

Write a NumPy program to implement following operation

 to find the maximum and minimum value of a given flattened array
5 II 4
 to compute the mean, standard deviation, and variance of a given
array along the second axis

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Introduction to Machine Learning Course Code: 4350702

Write a Pandas program to implement following operation

 to convert a NumPy array to a Pandas series
 to convert the first column of a DataFrame as a Series
II 4
6  to create the mean and standard deviation of the data of a given
Series
 to sort a given Series

Write a Pandas program to implement following operation

 to create a dataframe from a dictionary and display it
7  to sort the DataFrame first by 'name' in ascending order II 4
 to delete the one specific column from the DataFrame
 to write a DataFrame to CSV file using tab separator

Write a Pandas program to create a line plot of the opening, closing stock
8 II 4
prices of given company between two specific dates.

Write a Pandas program to create a plot of Open, High, Low, Close,

9 Adjusted Closing prices and Volume of given company between two II 4
specific dates.

Write a Pandas program to implement following operation

10  to find and drop the missing values from the given dataset III 4
 to remove the duplicates from the given dataset

Write a Pandas program to filter all columns where all entries present,
11 check which rows and columns has a NaN and finally drop rows with any III 4
NaNs from the given dataset.

Write a Python program using Scikit-learn to print the keys, number of

12 III 4
rows-columns, feature names and the description of the given data.

Write a Python program to implement K-Nearest Neighbour supervised

13 IV 4
machine learning algorithm for given dataset.

Write a Python program to implement a machine learning algorithm for

14 given dataset. (It is recommended to assign different machine learning V 4
algorithms group wise – micro project)

Total 56

Note
i. More Practical Exercises can be designed and offered by the respective course teacher to
develop the industry relevant skills/outcomes to match the COs. The above table is only a
suggestive list.
ii. The following are some sample ‘Process’ and ‘Product’ related skills (more may be
added/deleted depending on the course) that occur in the above listed Practical Exercises
of this course required which are embedded in the COs and ultimately the competency.

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Introduction to Machine Learning Course Code: 4350702

S. No. Sample Performance Indicators for the PrOs Weightage in %

1 Using the existing python libraries through Python Jupyter 30

notebook.

2 Use python to read dataset and modify as per requirement. 25

3 Selecting appropriate machine learning method. 20

4 Train and test the model by importing existing data set. 15

5 Making predictions and improve learning parameters as well 10

as improve accuracy.

Total 100

6. MAJOR EQUIPMENT/ INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED

This major equipment with broad specifications for the PrOs is a guide to procure them by the
administrators to usher in uniformity of practical in all institutions across the state.

S. PrO. No.
Equipment Name with Broad Specifications
No.

1 Computer system with operating system: Windows 7 or higher

Ver., macOS, and Linux, with 4GB or higher RAM
Python versions: 2.7.X, 3.6.X All

2 Python IDEs and Code Editors (jupyter, spyder, google colab)

Open Source: Anaconda Navigator

7. AFFECTIVE DOMAIN OUTCOMES

The following sample Affective Domain Outcomes (ADOs) are embedded in many of the
above-mentioned COs and PrOs. More could be added to fulfill the development of this
competency.
a) Work as a Data scientist.
b) Follow ethical practices.

The ADOs are best developed through the laboratory/field-based exercises. Moreover, the
level of achievement of the ADOs according to Krathwohl’s ‘Affective Domain Taxonomy’
should gradually increase as planned below:
i. ‘Valuing Level’ in 1st year
ii. ‘Organization Level’ in 2nd year.
iii. ‘Characterization Level’ in 3rd year.

8. UNDERPINNING THEORY

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Introduction to Machine Learning Course Code: 4350702

Only the major Underpinning Theory is formulated as higher-level UOs of Revised Bloom’s
taxonomy in order development of the COs and competency is not missed out by the students
and teachers. If required, more such higher-level UOs could be included by the course teacher
to focus on the attainment of COs and competency.
Unit Unit Outcomes (UOs) Topics and Sub-topics
Unit – I 1.1 Describe basic concept of 1.1.1 Overview of Human Learning and
Introduction machine learning and its Machine Learning
to machine applications 1.1.2 Types of Machine Learning
learning  Supervised Machine Learning
 Unsupervised Machine Learning
 Reinforcement Learning.
1.1.3 Applications of Machine Learning
1.1.4 Tools and Technology for
Machine Learning
Unit – II 2.1. Develop Program using 2.1 Numpy
Python Python Libraries  Creating Array: array()
libraries  Accessing Array: by referring to its
suitable for index number
Machine  Stacking & Splitting: stack(),
Learning array_split()
 Maths Functions: add(), subtract(),
multiply(), divide(), power(), mod()
 Statistics Functions: amin(), amax(),
mean(), median(), std(), var(),
average(), ptp()
2.2 Pandas
 Series: Series()
 Dataframes: DataFrames()
 Read CSV File: read_csv()
 Cleaning Empty Cells: dropna()
 Cleaning Wrong Data: drop()
 Removing Duplicates: duplicated()
 Pandas Plotting: plot()
2.3 Matplotlib
 Pyplot.plot: plot()
 Show: show()
 Labels: xlabel(), ylabel()
 Grid: grid()
 Bars: bar()
 Histogram: hist()
 Subplot: subplot()
 pie chart: pie()
 Save the plotted images into pdf:
savefig()
2.4 sklearn
 Key concepts and features
 Steps to Build a Model in Sklearn:
Loading a Dataset- read_csv(),
train_test_split- train_test_split()

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Unit – III 3.1 Describe different types of 3.1.1 Machine Learning activities
Preparing to Machine learning Activities  Preparing to Model
Model and 3.2 Explain Data preprocessing  Learning: Data Partition-k-fold
Preprocessing cross validation, Model Selection
 Performance Evaluation: confusion
matrix
 Performance Improvement:
Ensemble
3.2.1 Types of Data
 Qualitative/Categorical Data:
Nominal, Ordinal
 Quantitative/Numeric Data:
Interval, Ratio
3.2.2 Data quality and remediation
 Handling outliers
 Handling missing values
3.2.3 Data Pre-Processing
 Dimensionality reduction
 Feature subset selection: Filter,
Wrapper, Hybrid, Embedded
Unit– IV 4.1 Define Supervised Learning 4.1.1 Introduction of Supervised
Supervised 4.2 List types of Supervised Learning
Machine Learning, Describe K-Nearest  Brief explanation of Supervised
Learning Neighbour and Simple linear Machine Learning
Models regression  Working of Supervised Machine
4.3 Advantage and disadvantage learning
of supervised machine learning  Real world Applications/Examples
of Supervised Machine learning
 Steps in Supervised Machine
learning
4.2.1 Types of Supervised Learning
● Classification: Define Classification,
list types of classification, list types
of Machine learning classification
algorithms (list linear models,
nonlinear models), list use cases of
classification algorithms. K-Nearest
Neighbour (K-NN) : Working of K-
NN, Need of KNN algorithm, steps
of working of K-NN, Select value of
K, advantage and disadvantage of
K-NN algorithm
● Regression: Define Regression
analysis, list types of regression
analysis, list real world examples of
regression analysis Linear
regression: List types of linear
regression, mathematical equation
of linear regression, diagram of

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Introduction to Machine Learning Course Code: 4350702

linear regression line (positive,

negative) Simple linear regression
: (Description, objective,
demonstrate example of salary
prediction using python) (Steps:
Prepare dataset, split data set into
training and testing set, visualize
training data set and testing data
set, i.e. plot it, initialize the
training set and fitting it using
training set, Predict) list
applications of linear regression
4.3.1 Advantage and disadvantage of
supervised machine learning
Unit– V 5.1 Define Unsupervised Learning 5.1.1 Introduction of Unsupervised
Unsupervised 5.2 List types of Unsupervised Learning
Machine Learning  Brief explanation of unsupervised
Learning 5.3 Differentiate Supervised and Machine Learning
Models Unsupervised Learning  Need of unsupervised learning
 Working of unsupervised learning
 Real world examples of
unsupervised Learning
 List unsupervised learning
algorithms
5.2.1 Types of Unsupervised Learning
 Clustering: Definition, list
clustering methods, list real world
applications/examples (fruits,
vegetables, computer devices
(input and output etc)),
● Association: Definition, list
association methods, list real
world applications/examples
● Advantage and Disadvantage of
unsupervised learning algorithm
5.3.1 Differentiate Supervised and
Unsupervised Learning

Note: The UOs need to be formulated at the ‘Application Level’ and above of Revised Bloom’s
Taxonomy’ to accelerate the attainment of the COs and the competency.

9. SUGGESTED SPECIFICATION TABLE FOR QUESTION PAPER DESIGN

Unit Unit Title Teaching Distribution of Theory Marks
No. Hours
R U A Total
Level Level Level Marks

I Introduction to machine learning 06 4 4 4 12

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II Python libraries suitable for Machine 09 3 4 7 14

Learning

III Preparing to Model and Preprocessing 09 6 6 4 16

IV Supervised Machine Learning Models 10 5 7 4 16

V Unsupervised Machine Learning 08 5 4 3 12

Models

Total 42 23 25 22 70
Legends: R=Remember, U=Understand, A=Apply and above (Revised Bloom’s taxonomy)

Note: This specification table provides general guidelines to assist students for their learning
and to teachers to teach and question paper designers/setters to formulate test
items/questions assess the attainment of the UOs. The actual distribution of marks at different
taxonomy levels (of R, U and A) in the question paper may vary slightly from the above table.

10. SUGGESTED STUDENT ACTIVITIES

Other than the classroom and laboratory learning, following are the suggested student-related
co-curricular activities which can be undertaken to accelerate the attainment of the various
outcomes in this course: Students should conduct following activities in group and prepare
reports of about 5 pages for each activity, also collect/record physical evidences for their
(student’s) portfolio which will be useful for their placement interviews:
a) Explore different data repositories and register for ML based competitions on
platforms like Kaggle
b) Enroll in an online Course related to ML based
c) Undertake micro-projects in teams
d) Give a seminar on any relevant topics
e) Collect various sensor data from smart phones and apply machine learning approach

11. SUGGESTED SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES (if any)

These are sample strategies, which the teacher can use to accelerate the attainment of the
various outcomes in this course:
a) Massive open online courses (MOOCs) may be used to teach various topics/subtopics.
b) Guide student(s) in undertaking micro-projects.
c) ‘L’ in section No. 4means different types of teaching methods that are to be employed
by teachers to develop the outcomes.
d) About 20% of the topics/sub-topics which are relatively simpler or descriptive in
nature is to be given to the students for self-learning, but to be assessed using
different assessment methods.
e) With respect to section No.11, teachers need to ensure to create opportunities and
provisions for co-curricular activities.
f) Guide students for open-source python editors.

12. SUGGESTED MICRO-PROJECTS

Only one micro-project is planned to be undertaken by a student that needs to be assigned to
him/her in the beginning of the semester. In the first four semesters, the micro-project are
group-based. However, in the fifth and sixth semesters, it should be preferably be individually

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undertaken to build up the skill and confidence in every student to become problem solver so
that s/he contributes to the projects of the industry. In special situations where groups have
to be formed for micro-projects, the number of students in the group should not exceed three.
The micro-project could be industry application based, internet-based, workshop-
based, laboratory-based or field-based. Each micro-project should encompass two or more
COs which are in fact, an integration of PrOs, UOs and ADOs. Each student will have to
maintain a dated work diary consisting of individual contributions in the project work and give
a seminar presentation of it before submission. The total duration of the micro-project should
not be less than 16 (sixteen) student engagement hours during the course. The student ought
to submit a micro-project by the end of the semester to develop the industry-oriented COs.
A suggestive list of micro-projects is given here. This has to match the competency and
the COs. Similar micro-projects could be added by the concerned course teacher:
● Project idea 1: Breast Cancer Prediction: This machine learning project uses a dataset
that can help determine the likelihood that a breast tumor is malignant or benign. You
can build a classification model for this project.
● Project idea 2: Loan Prediction: The idea behind this ML project is to build a model
that will classify how much loan the user can take. It is based on the user’s marital
status, education, number of dependents, and employments. You can build a linear
model for this project.
● Project idea 3: Stock Price Prediction: This machine learning beginner’s project aims
to predict the future price of the stock market based on the previous year’s data.
● Project idea 4: Phishing: Create a Python program that can predict if a URL is
legitimate. Teach a computer to recognize phishing web links.
● Project idea 5: Titanic survived Prediction: This will be a fun project to build as you will
be predicting whether someone would have survived if they were in the titanic ship or
not.
● Project idea 6: BigMart Sales Prediction: BigMart sales dataset consists of 2013 sales
data for 1559 products across 10 different outlets in different cities. The goal of the
BigMart sales prediction ML project is to build a regression model to predict the sales
of each of 1559 products for the following year in each of the 10 different BigMart
outlets.
● Project idea 7: Wine Quality Test: It will use the chemical information of the wine and
based on the machine learning model, it will give you the result of wine quality.
● Project idea 8: Data from leading music service can be taken to build a better music
recommendation system.

13. SUGGESTED LEARNING RESOURCES

S. Author Publication with

Title of Book
No. place, year and ISBN

1 Machine Learning Saikat Dull, Das, Pearson

S. Chjandramouli

2 Machine Learning Using Python Pradhan Manaranjan, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd
U Dinesh Kumar

3 Introduction to Machine Learning Jeeva Jose Khanna Publishers

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4 Machine Learning in Action Peter Harrington Manning ,

dreamtech press

5 Machine Learning_ Step-by-Step Guide To Rudolph Russell Rudolph Russell

Implement Machine Learning Algorithms Publications
with Python.

6 Machine Learning with Python Cookbook_ Chris Albon O’Reilly Media, Inc.
Practical Solutions from Preprocessing to
Deep Learning.

14. SOFTWARE/LEARNING WEBSITES

a. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/machine-learning/
b. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/machine_learning_with_python/index.htm
c. https://www.javatpoint.com/machine-learning
d. https://nptel.ac.in/
e. https://www.coursera.org/
f. https://scikit-learn.org/
g. https://www.w3resource.com/python-exercises/pandas/index.php
h. https://machinelearningforkids.co.uk/
i. https://monkeylearn.com/machine-learning/
j. http://appinventor.mit.edu/explore/ai-with-mit-app-inventor

15. PO-COMPETENCY-CO MAPPING

Semester II Introduction to Machine Learning
(Course Code: 4350702)

POs and PSOs

PO 1 PO 2 PO 3 PO 4 PO 5 PO 6 PO 7
Basic & Problem Design/ Engineering Engineering Project Life-long
Discipline Analysis development Tools, practices for Manage learning
Competency specific of solutions Experimentatio society, ment
& Course Outcomes knowledge n &Testing sustainability
&
environment

Competency
Students acquire the ability to assess and analyze outcomes produced by machine learning algorithms and models, while
enhancing their capacity for critical thinking in addressing practical challenges.

Course Outcomes

CO a) Describe basic concept of machine 2 - - 2 - 1 1

learning and its applications

CO b) Practice Numpy, Pandas, Matplotlib,

sklearn library’s inbuilt function
2 1 2 2 - 1 1
required to solve machine learning
problems

CO c) Use Pandas library for data

1 2 2 2 - 1 1
preprocessing

CO d) Apply supervised learning algorithms

based on dataset characteristics
2 2 2 2 1 1 1

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Introduction to Machine Learning Course Code: 4350702

CO e) Apply unsupervised learning algorithms

2 2 2 2 1 1 1
based on dataset characteristics

Legend: ‘3’ for high, ‘2’ for medium, ‘1’ for low or ‘-’ for the relevant correlation of each competency, CO, with PO/ PSO

16. COURSE CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE

GTU Resource Persons

Sr. Contact
Name and Designation Institute Email
No. No.

Ms. Manisha P. Mehta Government Polytechnic

1 9879578273 [email protected]
HOD Himatnagar

Ms. Jasmine J. Karagthala Government Polytechnic

2 9824799620 [email protected]
Lecturer for Girls, Ahmedabad

Miss. Kumundrini B. Prajapati Government Polytechnic

3 9974543026 [email protected]
Lecturer Gandhinagar

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