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IGCSE Maths Chapter 21 - Functions - Revision Booklet

The document discusses key concepts about functions including: 1) Domain and range - The domain is the set of possible inputs (x-values) and the range is the set of possible outputs (y-values). 2) Composite functions - These involve applying two or more functions together, such as f(g(x)) which applies function f to the output of g(x). 3) Inverse functions - The inverse of a function f(x) is written as f^-1(x) and is found by swapping the x and y variables and solving for y.

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937 views15 pages

IGCSE Maths Chapter 21 - Functions - Revision Booklet

The document discusses key concepts about functions including: 1) Domain and range - The domain is the set of possible inputs (x-values) and the range is the set of possible outputs (y-values). 2) Composite functions - These involve applying two or more functions together, such as f(g(x)) which applies function f to the output of g(x). 3) Inverse functions - The inverse of a function f(x) is written as f^-1(x) and is found by swapping the x and y variables and solving for y.

Uploaded by

Nguyen Tung Lam
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 21 - FUNCTIONIS

Domain and range


DOMAIN are possible values of x
RANGE are possible values of y
Example:
y=2 x
x can be any number, so the DOMAIN of the function can include any number
y can be any number, so the RANGE of the function can include any number
Example:
1
y=
x−1
x CANNOT be 1, so the DOMAIN can include any number except 1
NOTE:
“State the domain of the function” “State which values of x must be excluded in the
domain of the function”
x≠1 1
OR OR
R ¿ 1} x=1
y CANNOT be 0, so the RANGE can include any number except 0
NOTE:
“State the range of the function” “State which values of x must be excluded in the
range of the function”
y≠0 0
OR OR
R¿0} y=0

Composite function

When you have 2 functions, for example f (x) and g( x ), then there could be composite functions like
fg( x) or gf (x) or ¿(x )…

HOW TO COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS:


Example:
f (x)=x+1
g( x )=2 x+3
Then:
fg ( x )=f ( g ( x ) ) =g ( x ) +1=2 x +3+1=2 x +4
gf ( x ) =g ( f ( x ) )=2 f ( x ) +3=2 ( x +1 ) +3=2 x +5
Key point: if f (2) or f (3) or f of some number is replacing that number into x in the function f , then
f (g ( x ) ) is replacing g(x ) into x in the function f , giving us f ( g ( x ) )=g ( x ) +1

Inverse function

When you have a function, for example f (x), then the inverse function of f ( x) would be f −1 ( x)
HOW TO INVERSE A FUNCTION:
Example:
f ( x )= ( 2 x +1 )2
Step 1:
SWAP x AND y
y= ( 2 x +1 )2
 SWAP!
x=( 2 y +1 )2
Step 2:
REARRANGE TO MAKE y THE SUBJECT
√ x=2 y+ 1
√ x−1=2 y
y=
√ x−1
2
 ANSWER:
f −1 ( x )= √
x−1
2
FUNCTION MACHINE METHOD:
f ( x )= ( 2 x +1 )2

 INVERSE:

(Because √ is the inverse of ¿ 2, −1 is the inverse of +1, and ÷ 2 is the inverse of ×2 , and going RIGHT TO
LEFT is the inverse of going LEFT TO RIGHT)
NOTE:
For there are 2 methods for finding inverse functions, you can use WHICHEVER YOU LIKE
Functions - Worked Examples
Q1

Q2
Functions – Exam style questions
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Q7
Q8
Q9
Q1
0
Q1
1

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