Python Programming Lab(21CSL46)

VTU Syllabus

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Python Programming Lab(21CSL46)

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PART A – List of problems for which student should develop program and
execute in the Laboratory

Aim 1: Introduce the Python fundamentals, data types, operators, flow control and exception handling
in Python
1 a) Write a python program to find the best of two test average marks out of three test’s marks accepted from the
user.

tm1 = int(input("Enter First Test Marks"))

tm2 = int(input("Enter Second Test Marks"))
tm3 = int(input("Enter Third Test Marks"))

if tm1>tm2 and tm1>tm3 : # is tm1 is largest

if tm2>tm3: # is tm2 is second largest
avg = (tm1+tm2)/2 # compute average of tm1 and tm2
else:
avg = (tm1+tm3)/2 # else compute average of tm1 and tm3
elif tm2>tm1 and tm2>tm3: # is tm2 is largest
if tm1>tm3: # is tm1 is second largest
avg = (tm1+tm2)/2 # compute average of tm2 and tm1
else:
avg = (tm2+tm3)/2 # else compute average of tm2 and tm3
else: # Else tm3 is the largest
if tm1>tm2: # is tm1 is second largest
avg = (tm3+tm1)/2 # compute average of tm3 and tm1
else:
avg = (tm3+tm2)/2 # else compute average of tm3 and tm2

print("The average of two best test marks out of three test marks = ",avg)

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1 b) Develop a Python program to check whether a given number is palindrome or not and also count the
number of occurrences of each digit in the input number.

x = int(input("Enter a number: "))

c0,c1,c2,c3,c4,c5,c6,c7,c8,c9=0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
num = x
rev = 0
while x>0:
r = x%10
rev = rev*10 + r
x = x//10

if r == 0:
c0+=1
elif r == 1:
c1+=1
elif r == 2:
c2+=1
elif r == 3:
c3+=1
elif r == 4:
c4+=1
elif r == 5:
c5+=1
elif r == 6:
c6+=1
elif r == 7:
c7+=1
elif r == 8:
c8+=1
elif r == 9:
c9+=1

if rev==num:
print("The Number {0} is palindrome ".format(num))
else:
print("The Number {0} is not palindrome ".format(num))

print("The occurrence of 0 is {0}, 1 is {1}, 2 is {2}, 3 is {3}, 4 is {4}, 5 is {5}, 6 is {6}, 7 is {7}, 8 is {8}, 9 is
{9}".format(c0,c1,c2,c3,c4,c5,c6,c7,c8,c9))

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Aim 2: Demonstrating creation of functions, passing parameters and return values

2 a) Defined as a function F as Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2. Write a Python program which accepts a value for N
(where N >0) as input and pass this value to the function. Display suitable error message if the condition
for input value is not followed.

def Fibo(n): # function F definition

ft=0 # initialize first term to 0
st=1 # initialize second term to 1
tt=0 # initialize third term to 0
if n <= 0: # check if n is greater than 0
print ("The value of N is expected to be greater than 0 but received ",n)
else:
print("The ",n," terms of the Fibonacci are ")
print(ft,'\n',st) # print the default terms 0 and 1 of the Fibonacci series
n=n-2 # decrement n by 2 as first and second terms are generated already
while (n>0): # while n is greater than 0 do the following
tt = ft + st # third term is sum of first term and second term
print(tt) # print third term
ft = st # assign second term to first term
st = tt # assign third term to second term
n-=1 # decrement the value of n by 1

n = int(input("Enter the value of n: ")) # read the number of terms of the Fibonacci series
Fibo(n) # invoke the function F to generate the Fibonacci series of n terms

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2 b) Develop a python program to convert binary to decimal, octal to hexadecimal using functions.

def BinToDec(x): # Definition of Binary To Decimal Conversion function

dec = 0
i=0
while x>0: # till x > 0 do the followings
r = x%10 # get the least significant bit of the Binary number
if r !=0 and r !=1: # if its is not a binary digit
print("Enter a valid Binary number")
return 0 # then return 0
else:
dec = dec + r*2**i # else compute the decimal equivalent value i.e. bit x 2^position
x = x // 10 # get the remaining bits of the binary number
i += 1 # increment i by one i.e get the next significant bit and repeat
return dec # if x==0,then return the decimal equivalent value of Binaray number x

def OctaToHexa(n): # Definition of Octal To Hexa Decimal Conversion function

num = n
dec = 0
base = 1
temp = num # assign number to temp
while temp: # till temp value is True (!0) do the following
r = temp % 10 # take the Least significant digit of the Octal number
temp = temp // 10 # update temp, value by removing the least significant digit of the Octal no
dec += r * base # compute the Decimal value of the least significant digit of the Octal no.
base = base * 8 # update the positional value of the next digit and repeat

result = '' # initialize result to 0

while dec != 0: # till decimal equivalent value of the Ocatl nu (dec) is >0 do the following
temp = 0
temp = dec % 16 # get Hex value of least significant digit of Decimal number
if temp < 10: # if the Hex value is single digit number
result = str(temp) + result # convert it into string and accumulate in Result
else:
result = chr(temp + 87) + result # else if the Hex value is more than 9 then get the equivalent Hex digit
dec = dec // 16 # get the next Hex value and repeat
return result # return the Hex Decimal equivalent of the Decimal number

x = int(input("Enter a Binary number "))

result = BinToDec(x)
if result:
print("The Decimal equivalent of {0} is {1}".format(x, result))

y = int(input("Enter a Octal number "))

result = OctaToHexa(y)

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if result:
print("The Hexa Decimal equivalent of {0} is {1}".format(y, result))

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Aim 3: Demonstration of manipulation of strings using string methods

3 a) Write a Python program that accepts a sentence and find the number of words, digits, uppercase
letters and lowercase letters.

x = input("Enter a sentence") # Read a string

y=x
print("There are",len(x.split())," words in the sentence") # split the string into words and compute the length
digits,upper,lower=0,0,0
for i in x: # For each character i in the read string x
if i.isdigit(): # if the character i is a digit increment the Digit count
digits+=1
elif i.isupper(): # if character i is a upper case character increment upper count
upper+=1
elif i.islower(): # if character i is a lower case character increment lower count
lower+=1
print("There are {0} digits, {1} upper case characters and {2} lower case characters in the
sentence".format(digits,upper,lower))

3 b) Write a Python program to find the string similarity between two given strings

if name == ' main ':

x = input("Enter first String") # Read the first string
y = input("Enter second String") # Read the second string

x = x.strip() # Strip extra spaces

y = y.strip()
sim=0 # Initialize the similarity count to 0

if len(x)>len(y): # Compute the longer string

xx = x # Assign it to xx
yy = y # yy is the shorter string
else:
xx = y
yy = x

j=0

for i in yy: # For each character in yy (the shorter string)

if i==xx[j]: # check whether it is equal to the character in xx (the longer string)
sim+=1 # if so increment the similarity count by 1
else:
pass # else do no do anything
j+=1 # increment the index of longer string

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similarity = (sim/len(xx)) # compute similarity = (similarity between strings) / length of longer string

print("The similarity between the two given strings is", similarity)

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Aim 4: Discuss different collections like list, tuple and dictionary

4 a) Write a python program to implement insertion sort and merge sort using lists

def InsertionSort(lst):
i=0
while i<len(lst): #Till i less than the length of the list repeat
small = lst[i]
for j in range(i+1,len(lst)): # Find the smallest element of the list
nxt =lst[j]
if small>nxt:
small = lst[j]
index = lst.index(small) # index is the index of the smallest element
if i==index : # if element is at its correct position then do nothing
pass
else:
lst.remove(small) # Else move the smallest to its correct position
lst.insert(i,small)
i=i+1
return lst

def mergeSort(arr):
if len(arr) > 1:
mid = len(arr)//2 # Create sub_array2 ← A[start..mid]
sub_array1 = arr[:mid] # and sub_array2 ← A[mid+1..end]
sub_array2 = arr[mid:]

mergeSort(sub_array1) # Sort the two halves

mergeSort(sub_array2)

i=j=k=0 # Initial values for pointers to keep track of where we are in each array

while i < len(sub_array1) and j < len(sub_array2):

if sub_array1[i] < sub_array2[j]: # Until we reach the end of either start or end, pick larger among
arr[k] = sub_array1[i] # start & end & place them in the correct position in sorted array
i += 1
else:
arr[k] = sub_array2[j]
j += 1
k += 1

while i < len(sub_array1): # When all elements are traversed in either arr1 or arr2,
arr[k] = sub_array1[i] # pick up the remaining elements and put in sorted array
i += 1
k += 1
while j < len(sub_array2):
arr[k] = sub_array2[j]

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j += 1
k += 1
return arr

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if name ==' main ':

lst = []
n = int(input("Enter the size of the list"))
print("Enter ",n," numbers of the list")
for i in range(0,n+1):
lst.append(int(input()))
print(lst)

print("Enter 1: Insertion Sort, 2: Merge Sort ")

ch = int(input())
if ch==1:
lst = InsertionSort(lst)
print("The sorted array is ",lst)
elif ch==2:
lst = mergeSort(lst)
print("The sorted array is ",lst)
else:
print("Invalid Choise")

4 b) Write a program to convert roman numbers in to integer values using dictionaries.

def roman_to_int(s):
rom_val = {'I': 1, 'V': 5, 'X': 10, 'L': 50, 'C': 100, 'D': 500, 'M': 1000}
int_val = 0
for i in range(len(s)):
if i > 0 and rom_val[s[i]] > rom_val[s[i - 1]]:
int_val += rom_val[s[i]] - 2 * rom_val[s[i - 1]]
else:
int_val += rom_val[s[i]]
return int_val

x = input(“Enter the Roman Number”)

print(roman_to_int(x.upper())

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Aim 5: Demonstration of pattern recognition with and without using regular expressions

5 a) Write a function called isphonenumber () to recognize a pattern 415-555-4242 without using regular
expression and also write the code to recognize the same pattern using regular expression.

def isphonenumber(x):
l = len(x)
if l!=12:
return 0
else:
for i in range(0,l):
if i==0 or i==1 or i==2 :
if x[i].isdigit() == False:
return 0
if i==4 or i==5 or i==6 :
if x[i].isdigit() == False:
return 0
if i==8 or i==9 or i==10 :
if x[i].isdigit() == False:
return 0
if i==3 or i==7:
if x[i] != '-':
return 0
return 1

def REisphonenumber(x):
import re
pno = re.compile(r'\d\d\d-\d\d\d-\d\d\d\d')
mo = pno.search(x)
if mo == None:
return 0
else:
return mo.group()

if name ==' main ':

phoneNo = input("Enter a phone number of ddd-ddd-dddd format to validate")
ch = int(input("Enter 1.To validate without RE. 2. To validate using RE"))
if ch==1:
if isphonenumber(phoneNo)==1:
print("You have entered a valid phone number")
else:
print("You have entered an invalid phone number")
elif ch==2:
if REisphonenumber(phoneNo)==1:
print("You have entered a valid phone number")
else:
print("You have entered an invalid phone number")
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5 b) Develop a python program that could search the text in a file for phone numbers (+919900889977)
and email addresses ([email protected])

import re

try:
file = open("data.txt")
for line in file:
line = line.strip()
match = re.findall(r"(\d{10})", line)
if(len(match)>0):
print(match)
emails = re.findall("[0-9a-zA-z]+@[0-9a-zA-z]+\.[0-9a-zA-z]+", line)
if(len(emails) > 0):
print(emails)
except FileNotFoundError as e:
print(e)

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Aim 6: Demonstration of reading, writing and organizing files

6 a) Write a python program to accept a file name from the user and perform the following operations
1. Display the first N line of the file
2. Find the frequency of occurrence of the word accepted from the user in the file

inputFile = "abc.txt" # input text file

N = int(input("Enter N value: ")) # Enter N value

with open(inputFile, 'r') as filedata: # Opening the given file in read-only mode
linesList= filedata.readlines() # Read the file lines using readlines()
print("The following are the first",N,"lines of a text file:")

for textline in (linesList[:N]): # Traverse in the list of lines to retrieve the first N lines of a file
print(textline, end ='') # Printing the first N lines of the file line by line.

word=input("Enter word to be searched:")

k=0

with open(inputFile, 'r') as f:

for line in f:
words = line.split()
for i in words:
if(i==word):
k=k+1
print("Occurrences of the word:")
print(k)

filedata.close() # Closing the input file

6 b) Write a python program to create a ZIP file of a particular folder containing several files inside it.

from zipfile import ZipFile

import os
from os.path import basename

# create a ZipFile object

with ZipFile('sampleDir.zip', 'w') as zipObj:
# Iterate over all the files in directory
for folderName, subfolders, filenames in os.walk("ITLAB10"):
for filename in filenames:
#create complete filepath of file in directory
filePath = os.path.join(folderName, filename)
# Add file to zip

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zipObj.write(filePath, basename(filePath))

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Aim 7: Demonstration of the concepts of classes, methods, objects and inheritance

7 a) By using the concept of inheritance write a python program to find the area of triangle, circle and
rectangle.

class Shape:
area,radius,length,breadth,a,b,c=0,0,0,0,0,0,0
def init (self, r):
self.radius = r
def init (self, l,b):
self.length = l
self.breadth = b
def init (self, a,b,c):
self.a = a
self.b = b
self.c = c

class Circle(Shape):
def init (self,r):
super(). init (r,0,0)

def area(self,r):
print("The area of circle is ",3.14*r*r)

class Rectangle(Shape):
def init (self,l,b):
super(). init (0,l,b)

def area(self,l,b):
print("The area of rectangle is ",l*b)

class Triangle(Shape):
def init (self,a,b,c):
super(). init (a,b,c)

def area(self,a,b,c):
s = (a+b+c)/2
import math
print("The area of triangle is ",math.sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c)))

if name ==' main ':

print("Enter your choice to compute area of 1.Circle, 2.Rectangle, 3.Triangle")
ch = int(input())
if ch==1:
r = int(input("Enter radius of circle"))

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c = Circle(r)
c.area(r)
elif ch==2:
l = int(input("Enter length of rectangle"))
b = int(input("Enter breadth of rectangle"))

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r = Rectangle(l,b)
r.area(l,b)
elif ch==3:
a = int(input("Enter length of side a of triangle"))
b = int(input("Enter length of side b of triangle"))
c = int(input("Enter length of side c of triangle"))
t = Triangle(5,6,7)
t.area(5,6,7)
else:
print("Invalid choice")

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7 b) Write a python program by creating a class called Employee to store the details of Name,
Employee_ID, Department and Salary, and implement a method to update salary of employees belonging
to a given department.

class Employee:
def init (self,name,eid,dept,sal):
self.name = name
self.eid = eid
self.dept = dept
self.sal = sal
def salUpdate(self,eid,dept,updsal):
self.sal = updsal

if name == " main ":

emp=[]
while True:
ch = int(input("\n Enter 1.Create Employee\n 2.To display all employees\n 3.To Update an employee
salary\n 4.To exit\n"))
if ch==1:
n = input("Employee Name: ")
i = int(input("Employee ID: "))
d = input("Employee Department: ")
s = int(input("Employee Salary: "))
emp.append(Employee(n,i,d,s))
print("Employee details created",len(emp))
elif ch==2:
for i in emp:
print("\n Employee Name:{0}\n Employee ID:{1}\n Employee Department:{2}\n Employee
Salary:{3}".format(i.name, i.eid, i.dept, i.sal) )
elif ch==3:
upd=0
print("\n Enter the Department and ID of the employee to update salary")
empid = int(input("Employee ID: "))
dept = input("Employee Department: ")
for i in emp:
if empid == i.eid and dept == i.dept:
upsal = int(input("\n Enter the updated salary"))
i.salUpdate(empid,dept,upsal)
print("\n Salary updated")
upd=1
if upd==0:
print("\n Employee does not exist")
elif ch==4:
break;
else:
print("Invalid choice")

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Aim 8: Demonstration of classes and methods with polymorphism and overriding

8. Write a python program to find the whether the given input is palindrome or not (for both string and
integer) using the concept of polymorphism and inheritance.

class strPalindrome:
def init (self):
self.word=""
self.ll=""
def check(self,s):
self.word = list(s)
ll=self.word.copy()
self.word.reverse()
if (ll==self.word):
print("\nIt is Palindrome")
else:
print("\nIt is Not Palindrome")
class noPalindrome(strPalindrome):
def init (self):
super(). init
def check(self,no):
super().check(str(no))

if name ==' main ':

while True:
ch = int(input("Enter 1.For String palindrome 2.For Integer Palindrome 3.To Exit : "))
if ch==1:
text = input("Enter a string to check : ")
s = strPalindrome()
s.check(text)
elif ch==2:
text = int(input("Enter a number to check : "))
s = noPalindrome()
s.check(text)
elif ch==3:
break
else:
print("Invalid choice")

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Aim 9: Demonstration of working with excel spreadsheets and web scraping

9 a) Write a python program to download the all XKCD comics

import requests, os, bs4

url = 'http://xkcd.com' # starting url
os.makedirs('xkcd',exist_ok = True) # create a directory to store all the downloads

while not url.endswith("#"):

# Download the page.
print("Downloading the page ... ")
res = requests.get(url)
res.raise_for_status()
try:
soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(res.text,'lxml')
except bs4.FeatureNotFound: # lxml is not installed
soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')

# Find the URL of the comic image.

comic_element = soup.select('#comic img')
if comic_element == []:
print("No comic image found!!..")
else:
comic_image_url = comic_element[0].get('src')
# download the image
print("Downloading the image %s .. " %(comic_image_url))
res = requests.get('http:' + comic_image_url)
res.raise_for_status()

# Save the image to ./xkcd.

file = open( os.path.join('xkcd',os.path.basename(comic_image_url)) , 'wb')
for chunk in res.iter_content(10000):
file.write(chunk)
file.close()

# Get the Prev button's url.

prev_link = soup.select('a[rel="prev"]')[0]
url = 'http://xkcd.com' + prev_link.get('href')

print("Done")

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9 b) Demonstrate python program to read the data from the spreadsheet and write the data in to the
spreadsheet

import openpyxl # import openpyxl module

path = "abc.xlsx" # Give the location of the file
wb_obj = openpyxl.load_workbook(path) # To open the workbook workbook object is created
sheet_obj = wb_obj.active # Get workbook active sheet object from the active attribute
row = sheet_obj.max_row # Getting the value of maximum rows and column
column = sheet_obj.max_column

print("Total Rows:", row)

print("Total Columns:", column)

print("\nValue of first column") # printing the value of first column Loop will print all values of first column
for i in range(1, row + 1):
cell_obj = sheet_obj.cell(row = i, column = 1)
print(cell_obj.value)

print("\nValue of first row") # printing the value of first column Loop will print all values of first row
for i in range(1, column + 1):
cell_obj = sheet_obj.cell(row = 2, column = i)
print(cell_obj.value, end = " ")

import openpyxl # import openpyxl module

# import openpyxl module # Call a Workbook() function of openpyxl to create a new blank Workbook object
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()

sheet = wb.active # Get workbook active sheet from the active attribute

# Cell objects also have row, column and coordinate attributes that provide location information for the cell.
# Note: The first row or column integer is 1, not 0. Cell object is created by using sheet object's cell() method.
c1 = sheet.cell(row = 1, column = 1)

c1.value = "Hello" # writing values to cells

c2 = sheet.cell(row= 1 , column = 2)
c2.value = "World"

# Once have a Worksheet object, one can access a cell object by its name. A2 means column = 1 & row = 2.
c3 = sheet['A2']
c3.value = "Welcome"

c4 = sheet['B2'] # B2 means column = 2 & row = 2.

c4.value = "Everyone"

# Anytime you modify the Workbook object or its sheets and cells, the spreadsheet file will not be saved until

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#you call the save() workbook method.

wb.save("abc.xlsx")

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Aim 10: Demonstration of working with PDF, word and JSON files

10 a) Write a python program to combine select pages from many PDFs

from PyPDF2 import PdfFileMerger

#Create an instance of PdfFileMerger() class

merger = PdfFileMerger()

#Create a list with the file paths

pdf_files = ['sample_page1.pdf', 'pdf_files/sample_page2.pdf']

#Iterate over the list of the file paths

for pdf_file in pdf_files:
#Append PDF files
merger.append(pdf_file)

#Write out the merged PDF file

merger.write("merged_2_pages.pdf")
merger.close()

10 b) Write a python program to fetch current weather data from the JSON file

import requests, json # importing requests and json

BASE_URL = https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather? # base URL
CITY = "Hyderabad"
# API key API_KEY = "Your API Key"
URL = BASE_URL + "q=" + CITY + "&appid=" + API_KEY # upadting the URL
response = requests.get(URL) # HTTP request
if response.status_code == 200: # checking the status code of the request
data = response.json() # getting data in the json format
main = data['main'] # getting the main dict block
temperature = main['temp'] # getting temperature
humidity = main['humidity'] # getting the humidity
pressure = main['pressure'] # getting the pressure
report = data['weather'] # weather report
print(f"{CITY:-^30}")
print(f"Temperature: {temperature}")
print(f"Humidity: {humidity}")
print(f"Pressure: {pressure}")
print(f"Weather Report: {report[0]['description']}")
else:
print("Error in the HTTP request") # showing the error message

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