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Linear Models of Communication

The document discusses several linear, interactive, and transactional models of communication: - Aristotle's model examines how to present persuasive messages considering the speaker, speech, occasion, audience, and effect. Lasswell's model asks who, what, which channel, to whom, and effect. - Shannon-Weaver addressed how "noise" disrupts messages, aiming to find effective communication channels. Berlo's S-M-C-R model breaks communication into source, message, channel, and receiver components. - Osgood-Schramm presented a circular model where roles constantly switch between encoder and decoder, with equal, reciprocal, and interpretable communication. - Westley-

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71 views3 pages

Linear Models of Communication

The document discusses several linear, interactive, and transactional models of communication: - Aristotle's model examines how to present persuasive messages considering the speaker, speech, occasion, audience, and effect. Lasswell's model asks who, what, which channel, to whom, and effect. - Shannon-Weaver addressed how "noise" disrupts messages, aiming to find effective communication channels. Berlo's S-M-C-R model breaks communication into source, message, channel, and receiver components. - Osgood-Schramm presented a circular model where roles constantly switch between encoder and decoder, with equal, reciprocal, and interpretable communication. - Westley-

Uploaded by

Ray Cahayag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Communication Models

Linear Models Of Communication


 Aristotle’s Model Of Communication - is perhaps the oldest communication model most
people are familiar with. Dating back to 300 BC, the model examines how people present
messages in a persuasive, impactful manner. Aristotle said in order to communicate effectively,
we need to consider these 5 elements within any communication event:

-The Speaker: The person delivering the message

-The Speech: The information and how it’s portrayed

-The Occasion: The context surrounding the communication

-The Target audience: Who will be receiving the message

-The Effect: The goal of the communication

 Lasswell’s Model Of Communication

Lasswell’s model of communication, like Aristotle’s model, revolves around 5 key elements. However,
these elements are presented as questions the speaker needs to ask. The core components of the
Lasswell model include:

Who: Who was responsible for sending the message?

What: What information needs to be portrayed in the message?

Which channel: Which method does the speaker use for communication?

To Whom: Who is receiving the message?

What Effect: What impact is the message intended to have?

 The Shannon-Weaver Model Of Communication

One of the most popular models of communication in the modern world, the Shannon-Weaver model was
one of the first to address the influence of “noise” in communication, which can disrupt a message.
Shannon and Weaver developed their work during the second world war, aiming to find out which
channels were most effective for communication.
 Berlo’s S-M-C-R Model of Communication

Berlo’s model of communication is a little more detailed than some of the other linear
frameworks we’ve looked at so far. This approach breaks communication down into four steps,
with core components included in each of them:

S: Source: The communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, societal system and culture of the
person sending the message.

M: Message: The structure, elements, content, and management of the message, as well as any code,
jargon or specific language that may be used.

C: Channel: How the message is transmitted, and how it affects the senses of sight, hearing, touch,
smell and taste.

R: Receiver: Who encounters the message, their attitude, knowledge, communication skills, societal
system and culture.

Interactive Model Of Communication

 The Osgood-Schramm Model

Introduced by Osgood and Schramm, this model details a circular model of communication, where
everyone involved in an interaction is treated equally. The sender and receiver in this model aren’t
differentiated, instead, they’re simply defined as two parts of a valuable conversation.

The Osgood-Schramm model is usually used to describe synchronous, interpersonal communication. The
principles of the model include:

Communication in circular: Individuals in the communication process are constantly switching


between roles of “encoder” and “decoder”.

Communication should be equal and reciprocal: Every party involved in the discussion is equally
engaged and able to share their voice.

Interpretation is crucial: Messages need to be presented in a way that is easy to interpret for both
sides of the party to be understood.
 The Westley and Maclean Model

Typically used when describing mass communication between groups, the Westley and Maclean model
introduces various additional factors to discussions, such as environmental and cultural elements.
According to this model, the communication process begins with environmental factors, rather than a
sender or source producing information.

Transactional Model Of Communication

 Barnlund’s Transactional Model

Barnlund’s model of transactional communication explores immediate-feedback (real-time)


communication between people. The multi-layered approach suggests various aspects are
crucial to determining how effective a conversation is. For instance, cues, such as private cues
(a person’s background) , public cues (environmental context) and so on can influence how we
speak.

 Dance’s Helical Model

The Dance Helical model suggests that communication is a circular process, wherein
conversations become more complex as we dive deeper into the interaction. It’s often
represented visually by a helical spiral. The model indicates that we gradually improve how we
communicate over time, by responding to the feedback provided by the people we communicate
with.

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