BASED ON THE UGC-NET NEW

SYLLABUS SINCE JUNE 2019

UGC-NET/SLET MCQS
LIBRARY & INFORMATION
SCIENCE
With Assertion & Reason Questions, Notes & Descriptions

LIBRARY UNIT-VI
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MANAGEMENT:
P R I N C I P L E S & Revised
PRACTICE Ed. 2021

BY AQUIL AHMED
 Preface

National Eligibility Test (NET) of UGC or State Eligibility Test (SET) has become compulsory to get
employment in Universities and Colleges in India. In order to help aspiring professionals to appear for
this exam, I have prepared this E-book containing probable important MCQs based on the new UGC
/NTA–NET Syllabus since June 2019 onwards.
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The present e-book contains MCQs based on the UNIT-VI of UGC-NET new syllabus along with more
than 50 Assertion & Reason Verbal Reasoning questions, detailed and necessary notes and descriptions.

It is hoped that the e-book will serve a useful purpose and help a large number of LIS professionals to
qualify NET/SLET and other competitive examinations in order to get better job opportunities and
become a qualified library professionals.

- Editor
 NEW SYLLABUS FOR NTA UGC NET LIBRARY AND
INFORMATION SCIENCE EXAM 2019

The UGC has revised the pattern and scheme of exam from December 2018. The pattern of exam has
been changed from 3 papers (Paper I, II & III) to 2 papers (Paper I & II). Now, there are 50 MCQs in
Paper 1 and 100 MCQs in Paper 2. Each question carries 2 marks without any NEGATIVE marking
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for wrong answer.

According to NEW SYLLABUS (June 2019 onwards) and new pattern (since December 2018), the exam
would be computer based (Online Mode). The Paper 2 will have 100 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
based on the chosen subject. The objective type questions will include multiple choices, matching type,
true/false and assertion-reasoning type etc.

The New Syllabus of Library and Information Science for UGC NET Exam June 2019
onward will be as follows:
Unit – I
1. Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom.
2. Information Life Cycle – Generation, Collection, Storage and Dissemination.
3. Role of Information in Planning, Management, Socio-economic, Cultural, Educational and
Technological Development.
4. Information Science – Relationship with other subjects, Information Society and Knowledge Society.
5. Communication – Concept, Types, Theories, Models, Channels and Barriers; Trends in Scholarly
Communication.
6. Information Industry – Generators, Providers and Intermediaries.
7. IPR and Legal Issues – Categories, Conventions, Treaties, Laws.
8. Plagiarism: Concept and Types.
9. Right to Information Act (RTI); Information Technology Act.
10. National Knowledge Commission; National Mission on Libraries.

Unit – II
1. Historical Development of Libraries in India; Committees and Commissions on Libraries in India.
2. Types of Libraries – Academic, Public, Special and National.
3. Library Legislation and Library Acts in Indian States; The Press and Registration of Books Act; The
Delivery of Books and Newspapers (Public Libraries) Act.
4. Laws of Library Science.
5. Library and Information Science Profession – Librarianship as a Profession, Professional Skills and
Competences; Professional Ethics.
6. Professional Associations – National – ILA, IASLIC, IATLIS; International – IFLA, ALA, CILIP,
ASLIB, SLA; Role of UGC, RRRLF and UNESCO in Promotion and Development of Libraries.
 7. Library and Information Science Education in India.
8. Library Public Relations and Extension Activities.
9. Type of Users – User Studies, User Education.
10. Information Literacy – Areas, Standards, Types and Models; Trends in Information Literacy.

Unit – III
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1. Information Sources – Nature, Characteristics, Types and Formats.
2. Sources of Information – Primary, Secondary and Tertiary; Documentary and Non-Documentary.
3. Primary Information Sources (Print and Electronic) – Journals, Conference Proceedings, Patents,
Standards, Theses & Dissertations, Trade Literature.
4. Secondary Information Sources (Print and Electronic) – Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, Bibliographies,
Indexing & Abstracting, Statistical sources, Handbooks and Manuals.
5. Tertiary Information Sources (Print and Electronic)- Directories, Year Books, Almanacs.
6. Reference Sources – Bibliographical, Biographical, Educational, Language and Geographical.
7. Electronic Information Resources – Subject Gateways, Web Portals, Bulletin Boards, Discussion
Forums /Groups.
8. Databases: Bibliographic, Numeric, Full text, Multimedia; Open Access Databases.
9. Institutional and Human Resources.
10. Evaluation of Reference Sources and Web Resources.

Unit – IV
1. Community Information Services.
2. Reference Service – Concept and Types; Referral Services
3. Alerting Services – CAS, SDI, Inter Library Loan and Document Delivery.
4. Mobile based Library Services and Tools – Mobile OPAC, Mobile Databases, Mobile Library Website,
Library Apps, Mobile Library Instructions, Augmented Reality, SMS Alerts, Geo-Location, Reference
Enquiry.
5. Web 2.0 and 3.0 – Library 2.0- Concept, Characteristics, Components; Instant Messaging, RSS Feeds,
Podcasts, Vodcasts, Ask a Librarian
6. Collaborative Services- Social Networks, Academics Social Networks, Social Tagging, Social
Bookmarking.
7. Web – Scale Discovery Services
8. National Information Systems and Networks: NISCAIR, DESIDOC, SENDOC, ENVIS, INFLIBNET,
DELNET, NICNET, ERNET, National Knowledge Network (NKN), Biotechnology Information
System Network
9. International Information Systems and Networks: INIS, AGRIS, INSPEC, MEDLARS, BIOSIS, ERIC,
Patent Information System (PIS), Biotechnology Information System (BIS).
10. Library Resource Sharing and Library Consortia – National and International.

Unit – V
1. Universe of Knowledge – Nature and Attributes; Modes of Formation of Subjects.
 2. Knowledge Organisation – Classification – Theories, Cannons, and Principles; Simple Knowledge
Organisation System (SKOS), Taxonomies, Folksonomy, Trends in Classification.
3. Mapping of Subjects in Library Classification Schemes – DDC, UDC and CC.
4. Knowledge Organisation: Cataloguing – Cannons and Principles; Centralized and Co-operative
Catalogue; Library Cataloguing Codes: CCC and AACR – II.
5. Standards of Bibliographic Record Formats and Description – ISBD, MARC 21, CCF, RDA, FRBR,
Bibframe.
6. Standards for Bibliographic Information Interchange & Communication – ISO 2709, Z39.50, Z39.71.
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7. Metadata Standards: Dublin Core; MARC21, METS, MODES, EAD.
8. Indexing Systems and Techniques: Assigned – Pre-coordinate; Post-Coordinate; Derived- Title-based;
Vocabulary Control.
9. Abstracting – Types and Guidelines.
10. Information Retrieval System – Features, Components, Models and Evaluation.

Unit – VI
1. Management – Principles, Functions and Schools of thought.
2. Library and Information Centers Management – Book Selection Tools and Principles; Library
Acquisition, Technical Processing, Circulation, Serial Control, Maintenance and Stock Verification;
Preservation and Conservation; Hazards and Control Measures of Library Materials.
3. Human Resource Management – Planning, Job Analysis, Job Description, Job Evaluation, Selection,
Recruitment, Motivation, Training and Development, Performance Appraisal; Staff Manual.
4. Financial Management in Libraries – Sources of Finance, Resource Mobilization, Budgeting Methods;
Cost Effective and Cost Benefit Analysis, Annual Reports & Statistics; Library Authority and
Committee.
5. Project Management – SWOT, PEST, PERT / CPM.
6. Total Quality Management (TQM) – Concepts, Principles and Techniques, Six Sigma; Evaluation of
Services of Libraries and Information Centers.
7. Library Building, Furniture and Equipments; Green Library Building; Information Commons; Makers
Space; Security and Safety.
8. Management Information System (MIS), MBO, Change Management, Disaster Management, Crisis
Management.
9. Knowledge Management – Principles, Tools, Components and Architecture.
10. Marketing of Library Products and Services – Plan, Research, Strategies, Mix, Segmentation, Pricing
and Advertising; Management Consultancy.

Unit – VII
1. Computer Technology – Character Representation (ASCII, ISCII, Unicode); Computer Hardware,
Software; Storage Devices; Input and Output Devices.
2. Types of Software – System Software, Application Software.
3. Programming Languages – Object Oriented, Procedural, High Level, Scripting; Web Languages.
4. Telecommunication – Transmission Channels, Mode, and Media, ISDN, PSDN, Multiplexing,
Modulation, Standards and Protocols.
 5. Wireless Communication – Media, Wi-fi, Li-fi, Satellite Communication, Mobile Communication.
6. Computer Networks – Topologies, Types of Networks – LAN, MAN, WAN.
7. Internet – Web browsers, WWW, E-mail; Search Engines, Meta and Entity Search engines.
8. Internet Protocols and Standards – HTTP, SHTTP, FTP, SMTP, TCP/IP, URI, URL.
9. Hypertext, Hypermedia, Multimedia, Video conferencing, Virtual Reality, Augmented Technologies.
10. Data Security, Network Security, Firewalls, Cryptographic Techniques, Anti-virus software, Anti-
spyware, Intrusion Detection System.
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Unit – VIII
1. Library Automation – Areas, Planning, Selection of Hardware and Software, Implementation and
Evaluation; Standards for Library Automation.
2. Barcode, RFID, QR Code, Biometric, Smartcard: Features and Applications.
3. Digitization – Planning, Selection of Materials, Hardware, Software, Process, Issues.
4. Digital Library: Genesis, Characteristics, Types, Architecture; Standards, Formats and Protocols, DOI.
5. Digital Preservation – Need, Purpose, Standards, Methods, Techniques, Projects (National and
International).
6. Digital Library Initiatives – National and International.
7. Institutional Repositories – Need, Purpose, Types and Tools; Institutional Repositories in India;
ROAR, DOAR, SHARPA-ROMIO.
8. Content Management Systems – Architecture, Data Integration, CMS Software – Selection,
Implementation and Evaluation.
9. Application of Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems and Robotics in Libraries; Social Mobile
Analytics Cloud (SMAC); Cloud Computing.
10. Ontology – Tools (RDF, RDFS, Potege); Semantic Web, Linked Data, Big Data, Data Mining, Data
Harvesting.

Unit – IX
1. Research – Concept, Purpose, Functions, Scope and Ethics; Types of Research – Basic and Applied,
Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary.
2. Research Methods: Historical, Descriptive, Experimental and Delphi.
3. Research Design – Selection of Research Problem, Review of Literature; Formulation of Research
Problem; Hypothesis – Formulation, Types and Testing; Sampling Techniques.
4. Methods of Data Collection: Questionnaire, Interview, Observation, Library Records, Scales and
Checklist.
5. Data Analysis and Interpretation – Presentation of Data; Statistical Methods/ Techniques.
6. Statistical Packages – Spreadsheet, SPSS, Bibexcel, ‘R’ Statistics.
7. Research Report Writing and Citation Tools – Structure, Style, Contents, Guidelines; Style Manuals;
Online Citation Tools; Reference Style Management Tools; Anti-plagiarism Tools; Evaluation of
Research Report.
8. Metric Studies in LIS – Bibliometrics, Scientometric, Webometrics, Altmetrics;
9. Impact Factors – Journal, Institutional and Authors; h-Index, g-Index, i10 Index.
10. Trends in Library and Information Science Research.
 Unit –X
1. Academic Library and Information System.
2. Public Library and Information System.
3. Special Library and Information System.
4. Health Science Library and Information System.
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5. Corporate Library and Information System.
6. Agricultural Library and Information System.
7. Engineering and Technological Library and Information System.
8. Archive, Museums and Oriental Libraries.
9. Community Information System.
10. Information Services and System for Persons with Disability, Children and Women.
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

1. Management is_____? B. Descartes

A. Science C. Bacon
B. Art D. Aristotle
C. Science and Art both
D. None of the above Answer: C (Bacon)

Answer: C (Science and Art both) 6. Who among the following defined management
‘the art of knowing what you want to do in the
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2. Who said ‘Management is the art of getting best and cheapest way’?
things done through people’? A. Federick W. Taylor
A. Henry Mintzberg B. Henry Fayol
B. Lillian Gilbreth C. L. M. Prasad
C. Mary Parker Follett D. Peter F. Drucker
D. F. W. Taylor
Answer: A (Federick W. Taylor)
Answer: C (Mary Parker Follett)
Notes: According to Frederick W. Taylor, “Management
Notes: Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933) was an is the art of knowing what you want to do in the best and
American, pioneer in the fields of organizational theory cheapest way”. He has emphasized the work and not the
and organizational behavior. She was one of great workers of the organisation. He opines that men and
women management experts in the early day of Classical machines are similar for achieving the goal of getting the
Management Theory. She defines management as ‘the things done in the best possible way and at a least cost.
art of getting things done through people’. This is applicable in the case of all types of libraries,
especially where we intend to provide best possible
3. According to whom ‘Management is the library services at the least cost.
accomplishment of results through the efforts of
other people’? 7. Who defined management as ‘ the art of securing
A. George R. Terry maximum results with minimum efforts so as to
B. Harold Koontz secure maximum prosperity and happiness for
C. Peter F. Drucker both employer and employee and give the public
D. Lawrence Appley the best possible service’?
A. Henry Fayol
Answer: D (Lawrence Appley) B. L. M. Prasad
4. “Planning is the conscious process of selecting C. G. Edward Evans
and developing the best course of action to D. John F. Mee
accomplish an objective” – who said: Answer: D (John F. Mee)
A. Harold Koonz
B. George R. Kerry Notes: This definition is aptly applicable for libraries
C. M. E. Hurley also where the objective is to provide best possible
D. M. C. Niles service to the clientele to their fullest satisfaction.

Answer: D (M. C. Niles) 8. “Management is effective utilization of human

and material resources to achieve the enterprise’s
5. Indicate the name of the philosopher who was the objective’ is quoted by ___.
exponent of Scientific method: A. Henry Fayol
A. Confucious B. Peter F. Drucker
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 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

C. William F. Glueck Answer: A (People)

D. G. Edward Evans
13. The acronym ‘POSDCORB’ was first coined by
Answer: C (William F. Glueck) Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick in the year
___.
9. Which of the following is the function of a A. 1937
library management? B. 1939
A. T provide useful reading material C. 1941
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B. To lay down general library policy D. 1944
C. To render adequate reference service
D. To arrange for resource sharing and Answer: A (1937)
interlibrary loan
Notes: Henry Fayol, Father of Classical School of
Answer: B (To lay down general library policy) Management, has given the following managerial
functions: (i) Planning (ii) Organizing (iii) Command
10. The term ‘Gang Plank’ is associated with ___ (iv) Coordination and Control. Later, Luther Gulick and
administrative principle. Lyndall Urwick have elaborated and given the seven
A. Remuneration functions of management and coined an acronym as
B. Stability of Tenure ‘POSDCORB’. POSDCORB is an acronym which
C. Scalar Chain means Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing,
D. Division of Labour Coordinating, Reporting and Budgeting which was
Answer: C (Scalar Chain) first published in 1937 in a paper ‘Notes on Theory of
Organisations’ by Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick.
Notes: For overcoming the limitation of Scalar Chain,
Henry Fayol introduced the concept of ‘Gang Plank. 14. Main criticism on classical and scientific schools
According to this concept, two executives of the of management is that they:
A. Neglect individual personality
organization of different department at the same level
can communicate directly in case of emergency, so that B. Do not consider intra-organisational
speedy decisions and actions could be taken. conflicts
C. Emphasize on the formal aspects of
11. Which management school regards management organization
as a universal process? D. All the above
A. The Human Relations School
B. The Classical School Answer: A
C. The System School 15. Fourteen “General Principles of Management”
D. The Social Systems School were propounded by:
Answer: B (The Classical School) A. Peter Drucker
B. Henry Mintzberg
12. Which one of the following factor is the most C. Henry Fayol
common in the definitions of management, given D. Frederick Taylor
by majority of the authorities on the subject?
A. People Answer: C (Henry Fayol)
B. Machines Notes: Fayol’s 14 principles are: (i) Division of work or
C. Materials Specialization (ii) Authority and Responsibility (iii)
D. All the above Discipline (iv) Unity of Command (v) Unity of Direction
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 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

(vi) Subordination of Individual Interest to General 20. Span of Control refers to __.
Interest (vii) Remuneration of Personnel (viii) A. The number of subordinates to be supervised
Centralization (ix) Scalar Chain (x) Order (xi) Equality B. Exercise the strict control over the staff
C. Duration over which the control is to be
(xii) Stability of Tenure of Personnel (xiii) Initiative
exercised
(xiv) Esprit de Corps D. The area which is to be controlled
16. Unity of Command’ is associated with:
Answer: A (The number of subordinates to be
A. One Person’s Responsibility supervised)
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B. Joint Responsibility
C. Nobody’s Responsibility Notes: The term ‘Span of Control’ refers to the number
D. General Responsibility of subordinates or direct reports a supervisor is
responsible for. In other words, span of control means
Answer: A (One Person’s Responsibility) the manageable number of subordinates of a superior.
The bigger the number of the subordinates a manager
17. What does ‘Esprit de corps’ stands for? controls, the broader is his/her span of control.
A. Team work
B. Right thing in the right place 21. Quality is ‘Fitness for use’ said by __.
C. Initiation A. Peter Drucker
D. Avoiding frequent transfers B. Joseph M. Juran
C. Michael Maccoby
Answer: A (Team Work) D. Philip Crosby

18. “Operational management Approach” is also Answer: B (Joseph M. Juran)

known as:
A. Contingency Approach 22. What are the ‘Juran’s Trilogy’?
B. Management Process Approach a) Quality Planning
C. Socio-Technical Systems Approach b) Quality Control
D. Situational Approach c) Quality Improvement
d) Quality Achievement
Answer: B (Management Process Approach)
A. a and b are correct
Notes: Henry Fayol (1841-1925) is the chief architect B. a, b and c are correct
and father of the ‘Operational Management Theory’. C. b, c and d are correct
This theory is also known as ‘Management Process D. b and d are correct
Approach’ or ‘Administrative Management School of
Thought’. According to him, managers should perform Answer: B
as planners, organizers and controllers. They should
know the basic principles of management to operate. Notes: Joseph M. Juran was contemporary of Deming.
According to him management for quality is done
19. What organizational structure the ‘Span of through three managerial processes - planning, control
Control’ concept is related to? and improvement. On the basis of this he came up with
A. Product Oriented Structure `Juran's Trilogy'- Quality Planning, Quality Control
B. Vertical Dimension Structure
and Quality Improvement.
C. Project Oriented Structure
D. Horizontal Dimension Structure 23. ‘Quality Control Handbook’ is written by __.
Answer: D (Horizontal Dimension Structure) A. Joseph M. Juran
B. Philip B. Crosby

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 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

C. Edwards Deming 26. Pareto Principle is also known as __.

D. Genichi Taguchi A. 80/20 rule
B. Law of the vital few
Answer: A (Joseph M. Juran) C. Principle of factor sparsity
Notes: Joseph M. Juran’s Quality Control Handbook D. All the above
first published in 1951. Answer: D (All the above)
24. The concept of ‘Cost of Quality (CoQ)’ is
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Notes: In his first book Cours d'économie politique
developed by ___. published in 1896, Vilfredo Pareto, an Italian economist
A. Genichi Taguchi created a mathematical formula describing the unequal
B. Edwards Deming distribution of wealth he observed and measured in his
C. Philip B. Crosby country: Pareto observed that roughly 20% of the people
D. Joseph M Juran controlled or owned 80% of the wealth. In the late
1940s, Dr. Joseph M. Juran, a Quality Management
Answer: D (Joseph M. Juran)
pioneer, attributed the 80/20 Rule to Pareto, calling it
Notes: The concept of quality costs or Cost of Quality Pareto's Principle. This principle states that, for many
(CoQ) was first mentioned by Joseph M. Juran in his events, roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of
Quality Control Handbook published in 1951. However, the causes.
it was Armand Feigenbaum who identified four
quality cost categories in his book ‘Total Quality 27. Identify the ways in which the library can
Control’ published in 1961: (i) Prevention Costs (ii) benefit from the TQM as stated by Jurow and
Appraisal Costs (iii) Internal Failure Costs, and (iv) Barnard:
External Failure Costs a) Breaking down interdepartmental barriers
b) Redefining the beneficiaries of library
25. The principle of “the vital few and the trivial services as internal customers (staff) and
many” is propounded by __. external customers (patrons)
A. Peter Drucker c) More inclined to short-term goals and
B. Joseph M. Juran defiant to changes to suit users needs
C. Michael Maccoby d) Reaching a state of continuous improvement
D. Philip Crosby
A. (a) and (b) are correct
Answer: B (Joseph M. Juran) B. (b) and (c) are correct
C. (c) and (d) are correct
Notes: A Pareto chart is a type of chart that contains
D. (a), (b) and (d) are correct
both bars and a line graph, where individual values are
represented in descending order by bars, and the Answer: D
cumulative total is represented by the line. Pareto
diagrams graphically depict categorical data. The tallest 28. Who formulated the PDCA (Plan, Do, Check
bar with the greatest value is always on the left and the and Act) cycle as a systematic approach to
shortest with the least value on the right. Pareto problem solving:
diagrams are based on the principle of separating the A. Joseph M. Juran
vital few from the trivial many. This Pareto principle B. Shigeo Shingo
was developed by Joseph M. Juran, based on the work C. W. Edwards Deming
of Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923). D. Philip B. Crosby

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Answer: C (W. Edwards Deming) 32. Quality Management Maturity Grid (QMMG)
was conceived by ___.
29. Who provided 14 steps to Quality? Also A. Joseph M. Juran
provided tools like ‘Quality Maturity Grid’, B. Philip B. Crosby
‘Make Certain Program’, ‘Management Style C. Edwards Deming
Evaluation’ and ‘Quality Vaccine’? D. Genichi Taguchi
A. W. Edwards Deming
B. Armand V. Feigenbaum Answer: B (Philip B. Crosby)
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C. Kaoru Ishikawa
D. Philip B. Crosby Notes: The Quality Management Maturity
Grid (QMMG) is an organizational maturity matrix
Answer: D (Philip B. Crosby) conceived by Philip B. Crosby first published in his
book Quality is Free in 1979. The Quality Management
30. Who devised the ‘The Loss Function’ – an Maturity Grid describes the following 5 maturity levels:
equation to quantify the decline of a customer’s (i) Uncertainty (ii) Awakening (iii) Enlightenment (iv)
perceived value of a product as its quality Wisdom (v) Certainty
declines?
A. Shigeo Shingo 33. ‘Zero Defects’ concept in Quality Management
B. Genichi Taguchi was developed by __.
C. Kaoru Ishikawa A. Genichi Taguchi
D. Philip B. Crosby B. Shigeo Shingo
C. Taiichi Ohno
Answer: B (Genichi Taguchi) D. Philip B. Crosby
Notes: Genichi Taguchi (1924-2012) is well known for Answer: D (Philip B. Crosby)
developing a methodology to improve quality and
reduce costs, which, in the United States, is referred to Notes: Zero Defects, a term coined by Philip B. Crosby
as the Taguchi Methods. He also developed the Quality in his book “Absolutes of Quality Management” that
Loss Function. emerged as a popular and highly-regarded concept in
quality management. He also coined and promoted the
31. Cost of quality includes: Cost of appraisal, Cost phrase ‘Do It Right the First Time’. Zero defects
of prevention and __. theory ensures that there is no waste existing in a
A. Cost of failure project. Anything that is unproductive and does not add
B. Cost of job Analysis value to a project should be eliminated. Along with the
C. Cost of Evaluation zero defects theory is of the concept “doing it right the
D. Cost of Success first time (DIRFT)” to avoid costly and time-
Answer: A (Cost of failure) consuming fixes later in the project management
process.
Notes: With regard to process improvement
efforts, quality costs or cost of quality is a means to 34. ‘The Four Absolutes of Quality’ were developed
by ___.
quantify the total cost of quality-related efforts and
deficiencies. Armand Feigenbaum identified four A. Taiichi Ohno
quality cost categories in his book ‘Total Quality B. Edwards Deming
C. Philip B. Crosby
Control’ published in 1961: (i) Prevention Costs (ii)
D. Joseph M. Juran
Appraisal Costs (iii) Internal Failure Costs, and (iv)
External Failure Costs Answer: C (Philip B. Crosby)
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Notes: The Four Absolutes of Quality were developed Taichii Ohno also developed a concept/strategy ‘Just In
by quality guru Philip B. Crosby as a way to promote the Time (JIT)’ for Toyota company. This is a planned way
idea ‘increased quality did not mean increased cost’. He to eliminate all waste along with continuous
explained the Four absolutes in his bestselling book improvement in productivity. He was also instrumental
‘Quality is free’ (1979): (i) Quality is defined as to develop ‘Zero Quality Control (ZQC)’ method that
conformance to requirements (ii) The system for causing proposes removing the need for inspection by
quality is prevention, not appraisal (iii) The performance eliminating the possibility of human error.
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standard must be Zero Defects (iv) The measurement of
quality is the Price of Nonconformance. 37. Identify the persons who contributed to the
development of TQM:
35. Poka-Yoke – a quality assurance technique was a) Philip B. Crosby
developed by __. b) Kaoru Ishikawa
A. Joseph M. Juran c) Joseph Juran
B. Philip B. Crosby d) Michael Gorman
C. Taiichi Ohno
D. Shigeo Shingo A. a, b, and c are correct
B. b, c and d are correct
Answer: D (Shigeo Shingo) C. a, c and d are correct
Notes: Poka-yoke is a quality assurance technique D. a, b, and d are correct
developed by Japanese manufacturing engineer Shigeo Answer: A
Shingo. The aim of poka-yoke is to eliminate defects in
a product by preventing or correcting mistakes as early 38. Who were the pioneers in adopting quality
as possible. Poka-yoke has been used most frequently in movement?
manufacturing environments. The term "poka-yoke" A. Americans
comes from the Japanese words "poka" (mistake) and B. Chinese
"yoke" (prevent). It means ‘Mistake proofing’ or C. Japanese
‘Mistake Prevention’. D. Indians

36. Who among the following developed the Answer: C (Japanese)

concept of ‘Single Minute Exchange of Dies
(SMED)’? 39. Who developed Statistical Process Control
A. Shigeo Shingo (SPC) chart as a tool to measure the causes of
B. Taiichi Ohno variability in a system:
C. Philip B. Crosby A. W. Edwards Deming
D. Joseph M. Juran B. Ishikawa
C. Taguchi
Answer: A (Shigeo Shingo) D. Feigenbaum

Notes: Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED), Answer: A (W. Edwards Deming)
developed by Shigeo Shingo, is a tool/approach used to
reduce the amount of time it takes to change from 40. ISO 9000 series of Standards is related to ___.
running one process in an operation to running another. A. Project Management
In another words, it is a system for reducing the time it B. Total Quality Management (TQM)
takes to complete equipment changeovers in C. Business Development
manufacturing process. Shigeo Shingo along with D. Library Management

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 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

Answer: B (Total Quality Management (TQM) analysis tool developed by Kaoru Ishikawa and is
considered one of the Seven Basic Quality Tools
Notes: ISO 9000 is a set of international standards suggested by Ishikawa. The fishbone diagram identifies
on quality management and quality assurance many possible causes for an effect or problem. It can be
developed to help companies effectively document used to structure a brainstorming session. It immediately
the quality system elements to be implemented to sorts ideas into useful categories.
maintain an efficient quality system.
44. A Standard TQM tool would be:
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41. Select the correct combinations: A. Questionnaire
a) ISO 9000 – Guide to Selection and Use B. Interview
b) ISO 9001 – Specification for Design C. Diary
c) ISO 9002 – Specification for Production D. Flow chart
d) ISO 9003 – Specification for Final
Inspection and Testing Answer: D (Flow Chart)

A. a, and b are correct 45. Identify the following basic steps as advocated
B. b, and c are correct by William Edwards Deming for implementing
C. b, c and d are correct TQM:
D. a, b, c and d are correct a) Assessment of Organization’s culture and
training process for the top management
Answer: D b) Formation of Quality Council
c) Dissemination of information through
Notes: In 1987 International Standards organization established communication system and
(ISO) published the ISO 9000 series of international integration of TQM tools, techniques and
standards on quality assurance. It was mainly based on training
the British Standards BS 5750. d) Filtering and censoring information
42. ISO 9000 Standards denotes the ___.
A. a, and b are correct
A. Consistence conformance of a product or
B. a, b, and c are correct
service to a given set of standard or
expectations C. b, c and d are correct
B. Total customer satisfaction D. a, and d are correct
C. Representation of stakeholders issues Answer: B
D. Detailed list of measuring techniques
46. Who coined the word ‘Management Theory
Answer: A Jungle’?
A. Henry Fayol
43. Fishbone Diagram is developed by __.
A. Joseph Juran B. F. W. Taylor
B. Kaoru Ishikawa C. Heinz Weihrich
D. Harold Koontz
C. Taiichi Ohno
D. Shigeo Shingo Answer: D (Harold Koontz)
Answer: B (Kaoru Ishikawa) Notes: In 1961, Harold Koontz introduced students and
Notes: Fishbone Diagram, also known as ‘Cause-and- practitioners of management to the concept of a
Effect Diagram, Ishikawa Diagram, is a cause 'Management Theory Jungle' in a paper published in
Journal of the Academy of Management.
7 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

47. ‘Need Theory’ is given by ___. A. Safety needs

A. Maslow B. Esteem needs
B. Ranganathan C. Physical needs
C. Drucker D. Acceptance needs
D. Fayol
Answer: C (Physical needs)
Answer: A (Maslow)
51. Who among the following is associated with
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Notes: Hierarchy of Information Needs is a theory in ‘ERG Theory of Motivation’?
psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 A. C. P. Alderfer
paper ‘A Theory of Human Motivation’ published in B. Abraham Maslow
Psychological Review. C. Heinz Weihrich
D. Frederick Herzberg
48. Arrange in sequence the Maslow’s hierarchy of
needs: Answer: A (C. P. Alderfer)
a) Social
b) Esteem Notes: ERG theory is a theory in psychology for
c) Physiological motivation, proposed by Clayton Alderfer, based on the
d) Safety Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory. He categorized
the needs into 3 groups based on the Maslow’s five
A. (a), (b), (c) and (d) human needs: Existence needs, Relatedness needs and
B. (c), (a), (d), and (b) Growth needs.
C. (c), (d), (a) and (b)
52. Acquired-Needs Theory is proposed by __.
D. (d), (a), (b) and (c)
A. David McClelland
Answer: C B. Abraham Maslow
C. Heinz Weihrich
Notes: Maslow broke down the needs hierarchy into five D. Frederick Herzberg
specific areas: Physiological needs – Safety needs –
Belonging and Love needs (Social Belongings) – Answer: A (David McClelland)
Esteem needs – Self-actualization needs.
Notes: David McClelland's acquired-needs theory or
49. Arrange the ‘Hierarchy of needs’ from bottom to Need for Achievement theory of motivation splits
top, as given by Abraham Maslow: the needs of employees into three categories rather than
A. Physiological, Safety, Social, Esteem, the two as discussed in Herzberg's theory. These three
and Self-Actualization categories of needs are Need for achievement, Need for
B. Safety, Social, Esteem, Self- affiliation, and Need for power. This theory
Actualization, and Physiological emphasizes that some people are much more
C. Social, Esteem, Self-Actualization, achievement minded than others and they attain job
Physiological, and Safety satisfaction, derive a special kind of joy in attaining an
D. Self-Actualization, Physiological, and objective successfully or accomplish a challenging job
Safety, Social, and Esteem rather than receiving a monetary or other reward.

Answer: A 53. Expectancy Theory of Motivation is proposed

by __.
50. Which of the following is not recognized in the A. Heinz Weihrich
Maslow’s hierarchy of Information needs? B. Victor Vroom
8 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

C. C. P. Alderfer Answer: B (B. F. Skinner)

D. Frederick Herzberg
56. According to Stueart and Moran, various
Answer: B (Victor Vroom) organizations including libraries have following
3 Levels of Management :
Notes: Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory of A. Top, middle, and bottom
motivation is a process theory of motivation developed B. Top, middle and lower
in 1964. According to this theory, individual’s C. First, second and third
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motivation is affected by their expectations about the D. Primary, secondary and tertiary
future. In other words, the individual’s motivation is
affected by how much they value any reward associated Answer: B (Top, middle and lower)
with an action (Valence), how much they believe that by
putting effort into something they will be able to Notes: According to Robert D. Stueart and Barbara B.
generate good results (Expectancy) and how much they Moran, most organizations including libraries have
believe that generating good results will result in a following 3 Levels of Management: (i) Top Level
reward (Instrumentality). Thus, Expectancy theory has Management/Administrative Level (ii) Middle Level
three components: expectancy (Effort), Management/Executory Level (iii) Lower Level
instrumentality (Performance), and valence Management/Supervisory/Operative/First-line managers.
(Reward).
57. Select the correct combination from the
54. Who among the following is associated with following:
behavior modification theory? A. Top Level Management – Responsible for
A. David McClelland overall management and setting policies for
B. B. F. Skinner the entire organizations
C. Heinz Weihrich B. Middle Management – Heads of
D. All the above department/branch and act as liaisons
between top management and supervisors
Answer: B (B. F. Skinner) C. Lower Management – Act as supervisor to
implement procedures and processes in
Notes: Developed from the work of B.F. Skinner’s order to carry out the day to day work
theory of operant conditioning, behavioral effectively and efficiently
modification seeks to change or shape behavior through D. All the above
a set of stimuli and response actions. Behaviour
modification relies on the concept of conditioning Answer: D (All the above)
which is a form of learning. There are two major type of
conditioning – (i) Classical conditioning - relies on a 58. The principles of scientific Management were
particular stimulus or signal and (ii) Operant more concerned with the problems at the ___.
conditioning – uses a system of rewards and/or A. Higher level
punishments. B. Middle level
C. Operating level
55. The theory of operant conditioning was D. None
developed by __.
A. David McClelland Answer: C (Operating level)
B. B. F. Skinner
59. ____ suggests that each communication going
C. Heinz Weihrich
up or coming down must flow through each
D. All the above position in the line of authority.
9 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

A. Communication pattern known as the Browne Charging System, for libraries by

B. Horizontal communications 1895.
C. Scalar chain
D. None of the above 63. The Newark Charging System was introduced in
the year __.
Answer: C (Scalar Chain) A. 1896
B. 1900
60. Which level of management is responsible for C. 1929
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execution of activities, supervision and D. 1940
monitoring?
A. Top level Answer: B (1900)
B. Middle level
C. Operational level Notes: Newark Charging System was introduced in the
D. Lower level Public Library of Newark of New Jersey State in the
United States of America around 1900 by John Cotton
Answer: B (Middle level) Dana. Advantages of Newark Charging Systems are: (i)
Permanent record of the number and type of books
61. Which levels of management deals with circulated and the kind of books borrowed by each
execution of responsibilities? borrower (ii) It is possible to know at all times, where a
A. Top level given book is, to whom it is charged, and when it is due
B. Middle level (iii) The record of the number of times a book has been
C. Lower level circulated is available even when the book is not in the
D. Operational library.
Answer: C (Lower level) 64. Arrange in sequence, the steps involved in the
Notes: Top-level managers are responsible for Newark charging system:
a) Book and Membership cards are handed
controlling and overseeing the entire organization.
over to borrower while the book card is kept
Middle-level managers are responsible for executing
organizational plans which comply with the company’s in charging tray
policies. They act as an intermediary between top-level b) Putting date stamp on the borrower card
and low-level management. Low-level managers focus after taking it out from the book
c) Books are presented to counter assistant
on the execution of tasks and deliverables, serving as
along with membership card
role models for the employees they supervise.
d) Membership number of the borrower is put
62. Who devised the Browne System for Circulation opposite to the due date
of Books? A. (a), (b), (c) and (d)
A. S. R. Ranganathan B. (c), (b), (d), and (a)
B. James Daft Brown C. (c), (d), (a) and (b)
C. Nina E. Browne D. (d), (a), (b) and (c)
D. R. N. Anthony
Answer: B
Answer: C (Nina E. Browne)
65. Detroit Self Charging System is the simplified
Notes: Nina E. Browne (1860-1954) was an American version of __.
librarian and archivist. She invented a charging system, A. Three Card System
B. Browne System

10 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

C. KARDEX System 68. Select the disadvantage of Browne Charging

D. Newark System System from the following:
A. Not possible to ascertain the number of
Answer: D (Newark System) books issued to a person
Notes: Detroit Self Charging System is the simplified B. Reserves and Recalls cannot be carried out
promptly
version of Newark System. Basic elements of Newark
C. Statistics of issue cannot be prepared easily
System includes, book pocket, book card, date slip and
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borrower's card. The Detroit Self Charging System and takes time
developed by Ralph Ulveling in 1929 simplified it by D. All the above
using pre-dated cards and identification cards instead of Answer: A
borrower's card.
Notes: Disadvantages of Browne Charging System are:
66. Which among the following charging systems (i) No permanent record of issue is available and there is
are card based? always danger of loss of books (ii) It is not possible to
a) Browne Charging System ascertain the number of books issued to a person as the
b) Detroit Self Charging System borrower’s tickets are scattered (iii) It cannot be easily
c) Newark Charging System ascertained as to with whom a particular book is issued
d) Gaylord’s Charging System and when is due (iv) In case of loss of tickets, misuse is
possible as the signature of the reader is not necessary.
A. c, and d are correct
B. a, and c are correct 69. The concept of self-renewal was introduced by __.
C. a, b and c are correct A. Atkinson
D. a, b, c, and d are correct B. Dr. Parry
C. Dainton
Answer: C D. M. B. Line
67. What is the size of the ‘Book Card’ in Browne Answer: A (Atkinson)
Charging System?
A. 4"X2" (10.25 cms X 5 cms) Notes: The concept of 'self renewing library of limited
B. 5"X3" (12.7 cms X 7.6 cms) growth' was propounded in Atkinson Working Party
C. 4"X3" (10.25 cms X 5.7 cms) report submitted to UGC in England in the year 1976.
D. 5"X4" (12.7 cms X 8.5 cms) The concept of 'Self-renewing library' means 'a library in
which space required for new acquisitions would be
Answer: A (4"X2" (10.25 cms X 5 cms) provided largely by space created by withdrawals'.
Notes: Of the two card systems, two systems, namely 70. Which managerial approach views that the
the Browne and the Newark are popular and widely used power of a certain office stems from the person
even today in libraries, particularly in India. In Browne holding it and the same position might carry
Charging System, every book has a Book Pocket of much different influence when occupied by
5"x3"or 12.7cms x 7.6 cms size which are pasted either different persons?
inside the front or back cover of the book. Every book A. Traditional
has a Book Card of 4"x2" or 10.25cms x 5cms size B. Empirical
bearing the call number; accession number, author and C. Directive
title of the book. Borrower’s Tickets are made of D. Formalistic
Manila or Tough paper of 3"X2" size.
Answer: C (Directive)
11 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

71. A strategy that ties together all the objectives, Answer: B (Library Binding)
policies, procedures, rules and budgets into a
single plan is ___ strategy. Notes: ANSI/NISO Z39.78-2000 prepared by National
A. Long-term Information Standards Organisation (NISO) and the
B. Grand Library Binding Institute is an American standard
C. Competitive related to Library binding.
D. Visionary 75. What kind of library materials are recommended
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Answer: B (Grand) ‘Full Morocco binding’ by Indian Standards
(IS:3050)?
72. Which of the following is classically known as A. Pamphlets and books with weak paper
‘MOROCCO’ binding? B. Periodicals and books not in constant use
A. Half leather binding C. Periodicals and books in constant use
B. Linen Binding D. Rare books and books of permanent value
C. Cloth Binding
D. Full Leather Binding Answer: D (Rare books and books of permanent
value)
Answer: D (Full Leather Binding)
76. Who among the following have prescribed
Notes: Morocco bindings first appeared in Europe in the certain standards for library binding?
early 16th century. Usually dyed in strong colors, A. ILA
Morocco bindings are made from goatskin and appeal B. ALA
for their durability as well as their appearance. The C. BLA
material is used for very valuable books which require a D. SLA
handsome and dignified binding. Levant Morocco is the
best among variety of others like, Persian, Niger etc. Answer: B (ALA)

73. Indian Standard related to binding of library 77. Library Cess is a __.
materials is __. A. Tax levied by the central government
A. IS: 3050 B. Tax levied by the state government
B. IS: 3250 C. Surcharge on the existing tax
C. IS:3150 D. Fee charged by the library
D. None of the above Answer: C (Surcharge on the existing tax)
Answer: A (IS: 3050)
78. ‘Theory Z’ – a human resource management
Notes: Bureau of Indian Standards: IS: 3050, -1965 theory of motivation was proposed by __.
(with amendment of February, 1968; reaffirmed in A. Douglas McGregor
2003), Code of Practice for Reinforced Binding of B. Abraham Maslow
Library Books and Periodicals. C. William Ouchi
D. Peter Drucker
74. ANSI/NISO Z39.78-2000 Standard is related to:
A. Library Furniture Answer: C (William Ouchi)
B. Library Binding
Notes: ‘Theory Z’- the management theory of William
C. Library Building Ouchi first proposed in his book ‘Theory Z: How
D. Library Lighting American Management can meet the Japanese
Challenge’ published in 1981, is also referred to as
12 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

‘Japanese Management Style’ or ‘Japanese Theory of 82. Authoritarian leadership style relates to __.
Management’. According to Ouchi, Theory Z A. Theory Y
management tends to promote stable employment, high B. Theory Z
productivity, and high employee morale and satisfaction. C. Theory A
D. Theory X
79. Theory X and Theory Y relate to:
A. Planning Answer: D (Theory X)
B. Motivation
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C. Innovation 83. Theory ‘Y’ lays emphasis on __.
D. Budgeting A. Play rather than work
B. Control on worker
Answer: B (Motivation) C. Close supervision
D. Less external control, more self control
Notes: McGregor believed that two basic kinds of
managers exist. One type, the Theory X manager, has a Answer: D (Less external control, more self control)
negative view of employees and assumes that they are
lazy, untrustworthy, and incapable of assuming 84. Which one of the following is not a
responsibility. On the other hand, the Theory Y manager characteristic of theory X managers?
assumes that employees are not only trustworthy and A. Inherently lazy
capable of assuming responsibility, but also have high B. Require constant guidance
levels of motivation. C. Avoid responsibility
D. Highly creative
80. Who propounded motivational theory of
management ‘Theory X and Theory Y’? Answer: D (Highly creative)
A. Douglas McGregor Notes: McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y is rooted
B. Abraham Maslow in motivation theory. Theory X managers tend to take a
C. William Ouchi pessimistic view of their people and assumes that the
D. Peter Drucker worker has little ambition, avoids responsibility, and
Answer: A (Douglas McGregor) is individual-goal oriented. In general, Theory X style
managers believe their employees are less intelligent,
Notes: ‘Theory X and Theory Y’ was first introduced by lazier, and work solely for their own self-interest.
Douglas McGregor – a MIT professor, in his book ‘The
Human Side of Enterprise’ published in 1960. The book 85. Which one of the following is not a
describes two styles of management – Authoritarian characteristic of theory Y managers?
(Theory X) and Participative (Theory Y). A. Capable of directing & controlling
performance
81. McGregor’s theory ‘Y’ is related with __. B. Look for opportunities to out perform others
A. Disliking of persons at work C. Do not show up any ambition
B. Lack of creativity at work place D. Higher rewards makes them more
C. Self-directed and self-controlled at persons committed
work place
D. Self-centred and selfishness at work place Answer: C (Do not show up any ambition)

Answer: C (Self-directed and self-controlled at Notes: Theory Y managers have an optimistic, positive
persons work place) opinion of their people, and they use a decentralized,
participative management style. This encourages a

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 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

more collaborative , trust-based relationship between 89. The term scientific management was coined by?
managers and their team members. People are self- A. Louis Brandeis
motivated and have greater responsibility, and managers B. Fred Luthans
encourage them to develop their skills and suggest C. F W Taylor
improvements. Theory Y organizations also give D. Elton Mayo
employees frequent opportunities for promotion.
Answer: A (Louis Brandeis)
86. The book ‘Functions of Executive’ is written by
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__. Notes: The term ‘Scientific Management’ is coined by
A. P. F. Drucker Louis Brandeis in 1910. Next year in 1911, F. W.
B. Herbert Simon Taylor used the term in his book “Principles of Scientific
C. Chester Bernard Management” and subsequently popularized the term. F.
D. None of the above W. Taylor is considered as ‘Father of Scientific
Management’.
Answer: C (Chester Bernard)
90. Who is called the ‘Father of Scientific
Notes: ‘The Functions of the Executive’ is a book by Management School’?
Chester I. Barnard originally published in 1938 that A. Henry Fayol
presents a ‘theory of cooperation and organization’ and B. Mayo
‘a study of the functions and of the methods of operation C. Luther Gullick
of executives in formal organizations’. D. Frederick Winslow Taylor

87. Who among the following is not related to Answer: D (Frederick Winslow Taylor)
human relations period?
A. Elton Mayo Notes: Taylor was an American Mechanical Engineer
B. McGregor and Management Consultant by profession. His book,
C. Henri Fayol The Principles of Scientific Management, first
D. Victor Vroom published in 1911 declared the most influential
management book of 20th Century in 2001.
Answer: C (Henri Fayol)
91. Who has written the book ‘The Practice of
88. Koontz and O’Donnel are the advocates of Management’?
which approach to management? A. Drury
A. Systems approach B. Dewey
B. Empirical approach C. McColvin
C. Contingency approach D. Peter Drucker
D. Operational approach
Answer: D (Peter Drucker)
Answer: D (Operational approach)
Notes: ‘The Practice of Management’, written by Peter
Notes: Harold Koontz co-authored the book ‘Principles Drucker in 1954, in which he first time used and explain
of Management: An Analysis of Managerial Functions’ the term ‘Management by Objectives (MBO)’.
along with Cyril J. O'Donnell. They viewed management
as a sequence of operations performed by all managers 92. A system designed to lead to continuous
in organi-sations. They also described the principles to improvement in products and services, based on
be used in performing various functions of management. encouraging the highest possible levels of

14 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

employee commitment to client satisfaction is Notes: The financial support given to libraries are
__. mainly of two types: i) recurring and ii) non-recurring.
A. Scientific Management The recurring grants are generally given for the
B. Program Management purchase of books and periodicals, maintenance of
C. Total Quality Management regular services, and for anticipated contingent
D. Participative Management expenditure. The non-recurring grants are given for
specific purposes such as construction of library
Answer: C (Total Quality Management)
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building, purchase of furniture and equipment and
93. PERT was developed by __. sometimes for special collections. Non-recurring
A. S. R. Ranganathan grants/funds cannot be used for other purposes for
B. F. W. Lancaster which they are not given. The third type of grant,
known as an ad hoc grant is given on special
C. British Navy
D. US Navy recommendations for special purchases.

Answer: D (US Navy) 97. Which is not considered non-recurring

expenditure in the following:
94. TQM was propounded by ___. A. Expenditure on Buildings
A. Henry Fayol B. Expenditure on Furniture
B. Luther Gullick C. Expenditure on Equipment
C. Walter A Shewhart D. Expenditure on Contingency
D. Elton Mayo
Answer: D (Expenditure on Contingency)
Answer: C (Walter A Shewhart)
98. Which type of grant of UGC cannot be used for
95. UGC grants are mainly of three types: recurring, other purposes for which they are not given?
non-recurring and __. A. Recurring Grants
A. Annual Grant B. Non-Recurring Grants
B. Permanent Grant C. Both of them
C. Special Grant D. None of the above
D. Ad-hoc Grant
Answer: B (Non-recurring grants)
Answer: D (Ad-hoc Grant)
99. In libraries, the financial allocation made
96. Identify the budget heads of non-recurring towards purchase of furniture and equipments
budget: came under the budget head:
a) Periodical subscription A. Recurring budget
b) Maintenance of equipment B. Non-Recurring Budget
c) Building extension C. Endowment Budget
d) Infrastructure development D. Annual Budget

Answer: B (Non-recurring Budget)

A. (a) and (b) are correct
B. (b) and (c) are correct 100. According to Ranganathan, the
C. (c) and (d) are correct proportion of the expenditure of a university
D. (a), (c) and (d) are correct library on books and other reading materials
Answer: C should be ___.
A. 50% of the total library budget
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 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

B. 40% of the total library budget Notes: Line-item budget is the one that divides items of
C. 30% of the total library budget expenditure, line-by-line, into broad categories such as
D. 60% of the total library budget books and journals, salaries and allowances, equipment,
supplies, capital expenditure, contingencies, etc. with
Answer: B (40% of the total library budget) further sub-divisions for each of these broad categories.
This is the usual traditional method, which by taking
Notes: Ranganathan has suggested that the proportion of
into account past expenditure on each item, prepares
the expenditure of a university library on these two
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major items be as follows: Staff – 50%; Books and other the current budget, hence it is also called historical
reading materials – 40%; and Miscellaneous – 10% budgeting. The budget is prepared with a small increase
of say 5 or 10 per cent for each major item of
101. What is budget? expenditure of the previous year’s allocation, assuming
A. Annual estimate of income and expenditure that all current programmes are as good and necessary
B. Annual estimate of expenditure and hence termed as incremental budgeting.
C. Annual estimate of income
105. Planning, Programming Budgeting System
D. Annual estimate of income and expenditure
(PPBS) was first introduced by ___.
of future year
A. Robert McNamara
Answer: D (Annual estimate of income and B. Robert Waterman
expenditure of future year) C. Douglas McGregor
D. Robert House
102. __ takes items of expenditure for
libraries as the working data for allocation of Answer: A (Robert McNamara)
funds.
Notes: PPBS (Planning, Programming Budgeting
A. Method of details
B. Per capita method System), also called ‘Output Budgeting’ was first
C. Principle of economy introduced in US Department of Defense, by Rand
Corporation economist, Robert McNamara in 1961.
D. Library budget
PPBS focuses on funding those projects that will bring
Answer: D (Library budget) the greatest progress towards organizational goals for the
least cost. The steps in PPBS involves: (a) Identification
103. The Library budget of a university is of goals and objectives for each major area of activity
passed by the __. (b) Analysis of the programs proposed to obtain
A. Senate organizational objectives (c) Estimation of the total costs
B. Executive Council for each project (d) Cost/benefits analysis are performed
C. Academic Council for each program – a portfolio of projects is selected for
D. Research Council funding.
Answer: B (Executive Council) 106. Which of the budget methods emphasizes on
identification of program objectives and the
104. Which budgeting technique has the
measurement of results?
element of inflexibility in it?
A. Zero Based Budgeting
A. Performance budget
B. Item Budgeting
B. Program budget
C. Planning, Programming Budgeting System
C. Line-item budget
D. Line Budgeting
D. Planning Programming Budgeting system

Answer: C (Line-item budget)

16 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

Answer: C (Planning, Programming Budgeting A. Peter A. Pyhrr

System) B. R. D. Stuart
C. F. W. Taylor
107. Performance Budgeting was first introduced in D. Henry Fayol
___.
A. India Answer: A (Peter A. Phyrr)
B. United Kingdom
C. United States 110. Which of the Budgeting System is most suitable
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D. France for the University Library?
A. Zero Based Budgeting
Answer: C (United States) B. Performance Budgeting
C. Planning Programming Budgeting
Notes: Performance Budgeting was first introduced by D. Formula Budgeting
the Hoover Commission Report in the USA in 1949.
This budgeting method is similar to Programme Answer: A (Zero Based Budgeting)
Budgeting but the emphasis shifts from programmes to
performance. The expenditure is based on the 111. Which budget system requires the budget
performance of activities and the stress is laid upon request to re-evaluated thoroughly?
operational efficiency. This method requires careful A. Line Budget
accumulation of quantitative data on all the activities B. Programme Planning Budgeting System
over a period of time. Management techniques such as C. Zero-based Budgeting system
cost-benefit analysis are used to measure the D. Physical Quantity Budget
performance and establish norms. Answer: C (Zero-based Budgeting)
108. Which budgeting system does not take into 112. The budget that is not based on any
account what happened in the past, but put previous year’s budget is known as __.
emphasis on the current activities? A. PPBS
A. Performance Budgeting B. Performance Budget
B. Programme Budgeting C. Program Budget
C. Planning-Programming Budgeting D. Zero-based Budgeting
D. Zero-based Budgeting
Answer: D (Zero-based Budgeting)
Answer: D (Zero-based Budgeting)
113. Zero-based budgeting means __.
Notes: Zero Based Budgeting ZBB was developed by A. There will be no increase in expenses or
Peter A. Pyhrr and first written in an article in Harvard income
Business Review in 1970. Later in 1973, he published B. There will be no budget
his book ‘Zero-base Budgeting: A Practical C. The difference between income and
Management Tool for Evaluating Expenses’. ZBB expenditure is zero
emphasizes current activities and the necessity to justify D. All proposals for income and expenditure
each part of the programme every year. It assumes a will need to be justified afresh
budget of ‘zero’ for each programme until one convinces
the appropriating authority that the programme is Answer: D
worthwhile and deserving of support at a specified level.
114. To emphasize the activities of library/
109. Zero Based Budget System was information centres, which of the following
developed by __. budget is suitable:
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 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

A. Line-By-Line Budgeting action as well as the associated costs, and subtracting the
B. Formula Budgeting costs from benefits. The idea of this economic
C. Lumpsum Budgeting accounting originated by Jules Dupuit in 1848.
D. Programme Budgeting
118. Select the correct combinations:
Answer: D (Programme Budgeting) a) Cost effectiveness – Relationship between
level of performance and the cost involved
Notes: Programme Budgeting method do not estimate in achieving the level
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the expenditure on the basis of the individual items. It is b) Cost-benefit Analysis – Relationship
focused on the activities that the library plans. Hence the between the benefits of product/service and
budget is prepared on the basis of the cost of cost of providing it
programme. Every year, the library has to decide c) Cost analysis – Cost of product/service
whether a program me has to continue, get modified, or rendered by organization
deleted. d) Unit cost – Determined by dividing the
115. In Performance Budgeting, ___ is used to allotted cost of subsystem by its actual
measure performance and also to establish norms. number of operations.
A. Programme effectiveness A. a, c, and d are correct
B. Cost-benefit Analysis B. b, and c are correct
C. Budget based management C. b, c and d are correct
D. Manpower management D. a, b, c, and d are correct

Answer: B (Cost-Benefit Analysis) Answer: D

116. Measurement of performance of a service in 119. A systematic method and process of studying
relation to cost is __. and evaluating whether the expenditure for
A. Cost accounting products, materials, or services is justified by the
B. Cost analysis benefits is __.
C. Cost effectiveness A. Break Even Analysis
B. Cost-Effective Analysis
D. Performance analysis
C. System Analysis
Answer: C (Cost effectiveness) D. Administrative Analysis

117. Cost benefit analysis means ___. Answer: B (Cost-Effective Analysis)

A. Value for money
B. Performance evaluation based on cost 120. Cost recovery and profit making aspects in
C. Finding out unit cost relation to gathering information, organization,
D. Performance evaluation based on inputs services and usage, etc. refer to __.
A. Economic evaluation
Answer: B (Performance evaluation based on cost) B. Coverage evaluation
C. Workforce evaluation
Notes: Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is a technique used D. User evaluation
to compare the total costs of a programme / project
with its benefits, using a common metric (most Answer: A (Economic Evaluation)
commonly monetary units). This enables the calculation
of the net cost or benefit associated with the programme. Notes: Economic evaluation is the process of
The model is built by identifying the benefits of an systematic identification, measurement and valuation of
the inputs and outcomes of two alternative activities, and
18 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

the subsequent comparative analysis of these. The per capita expenditure on university and college libraries
purpose of economic evaluation is to identify the best should be Rs. 20 per student and Rs. 300 per teacher.
course of action, based on the evidence available. There
are four forms of Economic Evaluation: (i) Cost- Proportional method presupposes that the authorities
minimization analysis (CMA), (ii) Cost-effectiveness provide adequate finances to the library out of their
analysis, (CEA) (iii) Cost-benefit analysis (CBA), (iv) regular budget, and that a particular minimum limit is
Cost-utility analysis (CUA). fixed. In percentile terms, University Education
Commission (Radhakrishnan Commission, 1948-49)
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121. Which one of the following is a systematic recommended 6.25% of total university budget be spent
maintenance of the income and expenditure flow on the university library. The Kothari Education
on records? Commission (1964-66) recommended that a university
A. Reporting should spend 6.5% to 10% of its total budget on its
B. Auditing library depending on stage of development.
C. Accounting
D. Budgeting 123. In which method of financial estimation,
detailed analysis of each item is carried out with
Answer: C (Accounting) proper justifications and supporting documents?
A. Formula method
Notes: Accounting means a systematic maintenance of B. Per Capita Method
the income and expenditure flow on records. Its main C. Method of Details
purpose is to ensure that the funds are spent correctly, D. None of the above
properly and within limits. In other words, the purpose
of fund or financial accounting is to assure proper use of Answer: C (Method of Details)
money provided and to make it possible to track
expenditure. 124. Financial estimation is made on the basis of __.
A. Ledger method
122. The methods of estimating funds for libraries B. Marginal cost method
are: C. Per Capita Method
A. Per capita method D. Cost-based Method
B. Proportional method
C. Method of details Answer: C (Per-Capita method)
D. All the above 125. A minimum amount per head of population is
Answer: D allocated in __.
A. Proportional Method
Notes: In Per Capita method, a minimum amount per B. Method of details
head is fixed which is considered essential for providing C. Per Capita Method
standard library services. University Grants D. CPM Method
Commission Library Committee `recommended that a
university should provide Rs. 15 per student and Rs. 200 Answer: C (Per Capita Method)
per teacher for acquiring reading material for its library. Notes: In Per Capita method, a minimum amount per
The Kothari Education Commission (1964-66), head is fixed which is considered essential for providing
however recommended that as a norm, a university standard library services.
should spend each year about Rs. 25 for each student
and Rs. 300 per teacher". Ranganathan suggested that 126. The source of finance for university library
is/are __.

19 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

A. University Budget A. Selling of library products

B. UGC Grant B. Selling of books
C. State Government Grant C. Selling of library service
D. All the above D. Selling of library products and services

Answer: D Answer: D (Selling of library products and services)

127. Library building expenditure is __. 132. ‘Quality Circles’ a new channel of
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A. Debit charges communication in organization, is a technique
B. Recurring expenditure used in __.
C. Contingency expenditure
A. Management of Control
D. Capital outlay
B. Participative Management
Answer: D (Capital outlay/Non-recurring) C. Personnel Estimation
D. Personnel Evaluation
Notes: According to Method of Details, all items of
expenditure of a library are accounted for while Answer: B (Participative Management)
preparing the financial estimates. These are of two types,
viz., i) recurring or current expenditure and ii) non- Notes: Quality Circles or Quality Control Circles (QC
recurring or capital expenditure. Circles) can be defined as a small group of workers
doing similar work that meets frequently and
128. Scrutiny of financial transactions is called __. periodically to identify, discuss and solve job-related
A. Budgeting issues. ‘Quality Circles’ were originally proposed and
B. Programming popularized by W. Edwards Deming in the 1950s.
C. Accounting
D. Auditing 133. Total Quality Management (TQM) is related to:
A. Scientific Management
Answer: D (Auditing) B. Participative Management
C. Both A and B
129. Statistics of library consists of finance,
D. None of the above
collection, and __.
A. Staff Answer: B (Participative Management)
B. Readers
C. Furniture 134. There are four main steps in the implementation
D. Equipment of TQM. The correct sequence is:
A. Plan, Check, Act, Do
Answer: A (Staff) B. Plan, Do, Check, Act
C. Check, Do, Plan, Act
130. What are the two parts of annual report of a
D. Check, Act, Do, Plan
library?
A. Analytical and systematic Answer: B (Plan, Do, Check, Act)
B. Primary and secondary
C. Descriptive and statistical Notes: PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act) – a method used
D. Upper and lower for the continuous improvement of quality of products
and processes, was made popular by W. Edwards
Answer: C (Descriptive and statistical) Deming, who is considered by many to be the father of
modern quality control.
131. In library science, what is the meaning of
marketing?
20 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

135. Which among the following terms Edwards problem. The fishbone diagram help not only to identify
Deming was associated? the root causes of the problem but also their possible
A. Quality Trilogy effect. Flow charts are different from other tools in the
B. Quality is free sense that it is not based on any data. It is used to
C. System of Profound Knowledge represent graphically different processes and work flow
D. Seven Deadly Diseases of Management in the organisation.
A. c, and d are correct
137. The stages in the product lifecycle curve are:
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B. a, and c are correct
C. b and c are correct A. Introduction, Growth, Maturity, Decline
D. a, and b are correct B. Introduction, Growth, Maturity, Profit
C. Growth, Maturity, Profit, Decline
Answer: A D. Introduction, Growth, Maturity, Saturation

Notes: Deming is best known for his Fourteen Points Answer: A (Introduction, Growth, Maturity, Decline)
for Quality Improvement and for his System of
Profound Knowledge and Seven Deadly Disease of Notes: Product lifecycle management (PLM) refers
Management. Deming’s Theory of Profound to the handling of a good as it moves through the typical
Knowledge consists of four parts: (i) Appreciation for a stages of its product life: development and introduction,
System, (ii) Knowledge about variation (iii) Theory of growth, maturity/stability, and decline. PLM developed
Knowledge, and (iv) Knowledge of psychology as a manufacturing and marketing tool for businesses
seeking to maximize the advantage of bringing new
136. Which of the following are ‘TQM’ tools? products to the market first.
a) Fishbone Diagram
b) Histogram 138. Who is considered as the father of the Social-
c) Pie Chart Systems School of Thought?
d) Run Charts A. H. L. Gantt
A. a and b are correct B. Henry Fayol
B. a, b, and d are correct C. William J. Dickson
C. b, c and d are correct D. Chester I. Barnard
D. b and d are correct Answer: D (Chester I. Barnard)
Answer: B 139. A company gets more output and mutual
Notes: The Seven Basic Quality Improvement Tools cooperation from its subordinate staff by adopting
were suggested by Kaoru Ishikawa to be used by the __.
Quality Circles: (i) Cause-and-Effect Diagram or A. Motivation by goals
Fishbone Diagram (ii) Pareto Charts (iii) Process B. Motivation by challenges
mapping, data gathering tools such as Check Sheets (iv) C. Motivation by participation
Graphical tools such as Histograms (v) Run Charts and D. Motivation by leadership
Control Charts (vi) Scatter Plots and Correlation Answer: C (Motivation by participation)
Analysis, and (vii) Flowcharts. The check sheets are
used to collect data. The histogram helps in representing 140. Herzberg’s ‘two factor theory’ deals with:
the data graphically. Scatter charts shows the A. Staff recruitment
relationship between two variables. Control charts help B. Leadership
in finding out if the process is under control or not. C. Decision making
Pareto chart helps in identifying the main causes of the D. Motivation
21 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

Answer: D (Motivation) A. Reference service

B. Market Survey Report
Notes: The two-factor theory (also known C. Digest Service
as Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory and dual- D. Indexing Service
factor theory) states that there are certain factors in
the workplace that cause job satisfaction while a separate Answer: B (Market Survey Report)
set of factors cause dissatisfaction, all of which act
independently of each other. This motivation theory Notes: According to Kotler and Keller, the process of
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was developed by psychologist Frederick Herzberg in division of market into distinct identical groups of
1959. customers who may require different products or
services is called market segmentation. In the case of
141. Which one of the following is not an operation academic libraries, the clientele are considerably of
involved in quality circles? diverse nature. They can be divided into simple
A. Problem identification segments of faculty, research students, postgraduates,
B. Problem selection undergraduates, and non-teaching staff. Kotler and
C. Solution recommendation Keller have classified four methods/bases of market
D. Problem shifting segmentation. (i) Geographical Segmentation (ii)
Demographic Segmentation (iii) Psychographic
Answer: D (Problem shifting) Segmentation (iv) Behavioural Segementation
Notes: The concept of Quality circles were introduced 144. Marketing process in a library starts with __.
and developed by Kaoru Ishikawa in the early 1960’s, A. Service identification
and the approach was circulated through the Japanese B. Market planning
industry by JUSE (Japanese Union of Scientists and C. Relationship building
Engineers). Details of the approach are described D. Marketing research
in Ishikawa’s 1988 book, “What is Total Quality
Control?: The Japanese Way”. Answer: D (Marketing research)

142. ‘Seven Basic Quality Tools’ were 145. Benchmarking is the process of ___.
suggested by ___. A. Identifying the best practices
A. Edwards Deming B. Measuring system capacity
B. Kaoru Ishikawa C. Improving customer satisfaction
C. Joseph Juran D. Developing improvement checklist and
D. Philip B. Crosby check-forms

Answer: B (Kaoru Ishikawa) Answer: A (Identifying the best practices)

Notes: The Seven Basic Quality Improvement Tools 146. The concept of MBO was given by ___ in the
were suggested by Kaoru Ishikawa to be used by the year 1954:
Quality Circles: (i) Cause-and-Effect Diagram or A. Koontz
Fishbone Diagram (ii) Pareto Charts (iii) Process B. H. W. Hulme
mapping, data gathering tools such as Check Sheets (iv) C. Peter F. Drucker
Graphical tools such as Histograms (v) Run Charts and D. S. R. Ranganathan
Control Charts (vi) Scatter Plots and Correlation
Analysis, and (vii) Flowcharts Answer: C (Peter F. Drucker)

143. ‘Segmentation’ is associated with __.

22 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

Notes: Management by objectives is the process of C. System analysis

defining specific objectives within an organization D. Job description
that management can convey to organization members,
then deciding on how to achieve each objective in Answer: C (System analysis)
sequence. 5 basic steps in MBO are: Review 151. PERT/CPM management techniques can be used
organizational goal; Set Worker Objectives; Monitor in libraries for ___.
Progress; Evaluation; and Give Reward. A. Forecasting
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147. Which of the following are merits of MBO B. Document Delivery Services
system? C. Information and Documentation Services
a) Result oriented process such as CAS, SDI, and Indexing and
b) Focus on goals Abstracting etc.
c) Product centered D. Budgeting
d) Staff centered Answer: C

A. c, and d are correct Notes: PERT/CPM are two scheduling methods or

B. a, and c are correct Project management techniques used to exhibit the flow
C. b and c are correct and sequence of activities and events. These techniques
D. a, and b are correct can be used in libraries for Information and
Documentation Services such as CAS, SDI, and
Answer: D Indexing and Abstracting, etc to streamline publication
148. Which of the following is used to better utilize schedules and related operations.
timing in a series of activities? 152. Every PERT/CPM network has two basic
A. MBO components, namely
B. PERT A. Float and Slack
C. SWOT B. Event and Activity
D. PPBS C. Nodes and Processor
Answer: B (PERT) D. Time and Work

Notes: Program Evaluation and Review Technique Answer: B (Event and Activity)
(PERT) originated in 1958 by the United States Navy, is Notes: Every PERT / CPM networks contain two major
a statistical tool used in project management to analyze components: (a) Activities, and (b) Events. An activity
the tasks involved in completing a given project. represents an action and consumption of resources (time,
149. PERT is used for managing the ___. money, energy) required to complete a portion of a
A. Money management project. Activity is represented by an arrow. An event
B. Time management will always occur at the beginning and end of an
C. Space management activity. The event has no resources and is represented
D. Self appraisal management by a circle.

Answer: B (Time Management) 153. For planning activities and services, which
among the following techniques can be used in
150. PERT is a technique for ___. libraries?
A. Collection of data A. Operations Research
B. Job analysis B. Network Analysis
23 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

C. PERT/CPM 156. Which one is not the principle of financial

D. Delphi Technique estimation?
A. Per capita method
Answer: D (Delphi Technique) B. CPM method
Notes: Delphi technique is a forecasting or estimating C. Proportional method
D. Method of details
method based on a discussion by a group of experts. For
planning activities and services in libraries, Delphi Answer: B (CPM method)
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technique can be used.
157. The term ‘soft-skills’ denotes:
154. Who developed CPM method? a) A cluster of personal qualities, habits,
A. H. L. Gnatt attitudes and social graces that make
B. Kelly and Walker someone a good employee and a compatible
C. G. Keller co-worker;
D. B. Taylor b) A secret weapon in job-hunt
Answer: B (Kelly and Walker) c) Skills that are not easily measurable
d) Ability to read, write and express oneself
Notes: The Critical Path Method (CPM) is an algorithm verbally
for scheduling a set of project activities, commonly used
in conjunction with the Program Evaluation and Review A. a, c and d are correct
Technique (PERT). It was developed in the late 1950s B. a, b, and c are correct
by Morgan R. Walker of DuPont and James E. Kelley Jr. C. b, c and d are correct
of Remington Rand. D. a, b and d are correct

155. Which of the following routes is critical in Answer: A

CPM?
158. Who should undertake system analysis study in
A. Shortest route
a university library?
B. Longest route
C. Routes having simple activities A. The Chief Librarian
D. Routes having less important activities B. The System Analyst
C. The Librarian & The System Analyst
Answer: B (Longest route) D. The data entry operator

Notes: Critical Path Method is used to prepare the Answer: C (The Librarian & the System Analyst)
optimized project schedule involving all the project
159. Which of the following is a strategy for
activities. The longest path is termed as the “Critical
Path”. The duration of this path will determine the knowledge management?
shortest time taken to complete the project. Any delay on A. Indexing
this path delays the project completion time. Hence they B. Annotation
C. Personalization
are critical from project’s schedule constraint point of
D. Abstracting
view. The “Non-Critical-Path” path duration will be
shorter than the “Critical Path” and hence those paths Answer: A (Indexing)
will have flexibility to delay the start of the tasks on
them. 160. Mathematical Formula for Staffing pattern was
recommended by ___.
A. S. G. Bhattacharya
24 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

B. Neelmeghan 164. Which of the following techniques of

C. S. R. Ranganathan performance appraisal is least likely to personal
D. C. P. Shukla bias?
A. 360 degree Appraisal system
Answer: C (S. R. Ranganathan) B. Ranking Method
C. Check List
161. Which theory of motivation assumes that
D. Forced-Choice Method
employees are inherently lazy?
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A. Herzberg’s theory of motivation Answer: D (Forced-Choice Method)
B. McGregor’s theory X
C. McGregor’s theory Y Notes: Some of the techniques of Performance appraisal
D. Maslow’s theory of motivation are: (i) Graphic Scale (ii) Ranking Method (iii) Forced
Distribution Method (iv) Forced Choice Rating Method
Answer: B (McGregor’s theory X) (v) Critical Incident Method (vi) Group Appraisal (vii)
Management by Objective (MBO)
162. ___ is a technique to conduct periodic evaluation
of job of the employees. In Forced Choice Rating Method, the rater has to make a
A. Job rotation forced choice between the available characteristics of an
B. Performance appraisal employee. It is in the form of a survey questionnaire of
C. Job analysis multiple choice questions, from which they are to select
D. Job description one option and rate the employees. This list contains
Answer: B (Performance Appraisal) only positive or only negative set of choices of behaviors
to choose from. This leads the employer to be in a
Notes: Performance appraisal is the assessment of an situation in which, he/she is forced to choose only the
employee’s performance on the job. It serves the three- negative or only the positive traits to attribute to the
fold purpose of monitoring, evaluation, and control. In performance of an employee. Thus the supervisor,
other words, Performance appraisal is the process of himself doesn’t know which is the best answer among
evaluating the performance and qualifications of the the choices available.
employees in terms of the requirements of the job for
165. Performance-based budgeting connects which of
which he is employed; for purposes of administration;
the following performance information for the
including placement, selection for promotion, providing
allocation of funds and management of resources:
financial rewards and other actions which require
A. Inputs, outputs, cost per activity, level of
differential treatment among the members of a group as
goal achievement
distinguished from actions affecting all members
B. Inputs, Review of past expenditure, Analysis
equally.
of alternatives, outputs
163. Performance appraisal is the evaluation of an C. Inputs, Fixed costs, variable costs, output
employee performance relative to __. D. Inputs, outputs, operational costs, analysis of
A. Fellow employees alternatives
B. Job description requirements
Answer: A
C. Establishing goods
D. Performance standards 166. Network Analysis Technique comprises:
A. PERT/CPM
Answer: D (Performance standards)
B. SWOT Analysis
C. PEST Analysis

25 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

D. Performance Appraisal Notes: Rensis Likert identified four main styles of

leadership, in particular around decision-making and the
Answer: A (PERT/CPM) degree to which people are involved in the decision.
167. Which of the following are uses of work Rensis Likert’s ‘4 Management Leadership Styles’
analysis? are: (i) Exploitative-Authoritative Leadership Style (ii)
a) Simplifying the procedures Benevolent-Authoritative Leadership Style (iii)
b) Line of authority Consultative Leadership Style (iv) Democratic
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c) Improvement in various processes Leadership Style
d) Unity of Command
A. a, c, and d are correct 170. Management of the library by Library
B. b, and c are correct Committee is an example of __.
C. a, and d are correct A. MBO
D. a, and c are correct B. Participative Management
C. Decentralization
Answer: D D. Consultative Management
168. Flow diagram, PERT and CPM are known as the Answer: B (Participative Management)
techniques of __.
A. Work analysis 171. Delegation of authority involves:
B. Leadership A. Responsibility only
C. Survey B. Authority and Accountability only
D. Communication C. Accountability and Responsibility only
D. Responsibility, Authority and
Answer: A (Work analysis) Accountability
Notes: In management work, it is always necessary to Answer: D (Responsibility, Authority and
analyse operations in step-by-step detail. Work Analysis Accountability)
is the over-all study of the process of performing an
activity. It can help in solving layout problems in 172. The delegation of authority may also be
physical space, choosing a sequence of doing work and called as __?
finding ways of performing tasks more efficiently. There A. Delegation of power
are various tools and techniques of Work Analysis such B. Delegation of duties
as: Block diagram, Flow diagram, Flow Process Chart, C. Delegation of responsibilities
Decision Flow Chart, Operation Flow chat, Operations D. Delegation of service
Analysis, Foam Analysis and Man machine charts etc.
Answer: A (Delegation of power)
169. Likert’s name is associated with __.
A. Theory of motivation 173. The basic components of network analysis in
B. Evolving organizational structure PERT/CPM are:
C. Style of leadership A. Event and Performance
D. Decision making theory B. Event and Activity
C. Activity and Conditions
Answer: C (Style of Leadership) D. Conditions and Dummy Activity

Answer: B (Event and Activity)

26 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

174. An outline of chain of command and reporting c) To maximize duplication of company data
relationships in the form of chart is stated in __. and demote the work quality
A. Organization chart d) To ensure greater employee collaboration
B. Process chart and efficiency
C. Process management
D. Production unit A. a, and b are correct
B. b, and c are correct
Answer: A (Organization chart)
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C. c and d are correct
175. Organizational chart shows the structure of an D. a, and d are correct
organization in the way ___. Answer: A
A. Horizontal and Vertical
B. Linear and Diagonal 178. Which one of the following activities is not a
C. Linear responsibility of the top-level management?
D. Diagonal A. Policy making
B. Monitoring
Answer: A (Horizontal and Vertical) C. Quality control and evaluation
Notes: An organization chart is a visual aid for showing D. Resource mobilization
the horizontal and vertical structure of an organization. It Answer: B (Monitoring)
is a graphic presentation of organization structure,
indicating span of management, hierarchical and vertical 179. According to Maslow, which one of the
positions, relationships between line and staff positions, following needs is the highest in the hierarchy?
flow of authority, responsibility, etc. It is often A. Security
represented as a diagram called an organogram. Lines B. Social
of authority in an organization chart are usually C. Self-actualization
represented by unbroken lines whereas broken lines D. Esteem
indicate staff positions and dotted lines show the staff
functions. Daniel Craig McCallum, the Scottish-born Answer: C (Self-actualization)
American railroad engineer is credited for having 180. Who among the following did not belong to the
developed the first modern organizational chart. “Gang of Three” in the beginning of the iSchool
Movement?
176. The PERT approach is a device developed to: A. Donald Merchand
A. Allow studies to be made between people B. Richard Budd
and machine C. Richard Lytle
B. Better utilize of time in series of activities D. Toni Carbo
C. Analyse a work flow to facilitate decision-
making Answer: C (Richard Budd)
D. Establish quality control
Notes: In 1988, Toni Carbo, dean of the School of
Answer: B (Better utilize of time in series of activities) Library and Information Sciences, at the University of
Pittsburgh, formed the Gang of Three, including her
177. Identify the correct objectives of an Enterprise colleagues Donald Marchand and Richard Lytle. Later
Information System (EIS) from the following: on , Richard Budd joined the group making it ‘Gang of
a) To increase employee productivity Four’ and it grows on. The group was formally named
b) To advance the cost of IT and optimize the ‘the iSchool Caucus’ or ‘iCaucus’.
manual input of data
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 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

181. C. I. Bernard is related to __. 186. Weeding of unuseful books from the library is
A. Social systems school done by which section:
B. Scientific School of Thought A. Acquisition section
C. Classical school of thought
B. Circulation section
D. Human relations school of thought
C. Document Processing Section
Answer: A (Social Systems School) D. Maintenance Section

182. “The Wheat Loan Educational Exchange Answer: D (Maintenance Section)

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Programme” was initiated in :
A. 1951 187. Tooling of books is a function of __.
B. 1972 A. Acquisition section
C. 1982 B. Circulation section
D. 1999 C. Periodical section
D. Maintenance section
Answer: A (1951)
Answer: A (Acquisition Section)
183. Wheat Loan Programme was related to:
A. Great Britain Notes: Tooling is one of the final processes of making
B. United States the binding more artistic and attractive. It is the process
C. Spain of fixing the title, call number of the book, etc. on the
D. None of the above
spine or at any other place on the cover decoration i.e.
Answer: B (United States) giving the final touches to get a finish.

Notes: In 1951, American Congress passed a special 188. Which of the following are the characteristic of
Act, called ‘Public Law 480’ to loan India $19,000,000 not-for-profit organizations according to Edward
to buy wheat from the US. Under the agreement of the G. Evans?
loan, part of money India had to pay as interest on loan a) Financial sources derived from outside
to be spent on Indian libraries for purchasing US books funding sources rather than from sales of
and periodicals and staff exchange training programme. service.
b) Have clear indicator of effect i.e. profit or
184. Who derived Principles of Librarianship from loss.
core, liberal, democratic and humanistic values? c) Organizations are public rather than private.
A. Michael Gorman d) Funding preferences for collaborative
B. Samuel Rothstein projects.
C. Hemlata Iyer
D. C. A. Cutter A. a, c, and d are correct
B. b, and c are correct
Answer: A (Michael Gorman) C. b, c and d are correct
D. a, b, and d are correct
185. ‘Separation in planning and doing' is
recommended in __. Answer: A
A. Hawthorn Studies
B. Principle of Organisation 189. Arrange the following according to their year of
C. Scientific School of Thought origin/publication:
D. Classical School of Thought a) Cause and effect diagram
b) MBO
Answer: C (Scientific School of Thought)
c) Pareto Principle
d) POSDCORB

28 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

Leader, and Liaison (ii) Informational Roles – Monitor,

a. (a), (b), (c) and (d) Disseminator, and Spokesperson (iii) Decisional Roles –
b. (c), (a), (d), and (b) Entrepreneur, Disturbance Handler, Resource Allocator
c. (c), (d), (a) and (b) and Negotiator
d. (d), (a), (b) and (c)
193. Which one is not included in Henry Mintzberg’s
Answer: C mechanism of coordination?
A. Leadership
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Notes: Pareto Principle (1896); POSDCORB (1937); B. Mutual Adjustment
Cause and Effect diagram (1943); MBO (1954) C. Output
190. In the context of management, which of the D. Skills
following statement is not correct? Answer: A (Leadership)
A. Maslow’s need analysis is useful for
understanding motivation of employees. Notes: Henry Mintzberg, a Canadian Management
B. Theory ‘Z’ is the contribution of Chinese Expert, identified six coordinating mechanisms: mutual
style of management. adjustment, direct supervision, and standardization
C. Money is the most powerful motivating of Work Process, Standardization of Outputs,
agent. Standardization of Skills, and Standardization of
D. Mission of an organisation is essentially Norms.
abstract.
194. The major contributor of the “Decision theory
Answer: B Approach” was:
A. Henry Mintzberg
191. One of the most descriptive characteristics of an B. Henry Fayol
effective manager is: C. Chester Bernard
A. Courteous D. Herbert Simon
B. Modest
C. Cheerful Answer: D (Herbert Simon)
D. Decisive
Notes: Herbert Simon was the pioneer in the field of
Answer: D (Decisive) Decision theory approach of management. His renowned
work ‘Administrative Behaviour: A Study of Decision-
192. The following is not included in Mintzberg's Making Process in Administrative Organisation’ was
Managerial Roles: published in 1947.
A. Punitive roles
B. Interpersonal roles 195. The following is not the alternative term for the
C. Decisional roles “Human Behavioural Approach”.
D. Informational roles A. Human Relations Approach
B. Behavioural Science Approach
Answer: A (Punitive roles) C. Situational Approach
Notes: Henry Mintzberg, a Canadian management D. Leadership Approach
expert, in his book Mintzberg on Management: Inside Answer: C (Situational Approach)
our Strange World of Organizations, published in 1990,
identified 10 roles of managers and grouped them in 3 Notes: Human Behavioural Approach is also called,
broad categories: (i) Interpersonal Roles – Figure head, ‘Human Relations’ ‘Leadership’ or ‘Behavioural

29 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

Science’ Approach. It can be divided into two groups: Notes: In 1938, Chester Bernard gave a definition of
Interpersonal Behavior Approach and Group Behavior leadership and stated that, “leadership is the ability of a
Approach. The theorists who contributed to this school superior to influence the behaviour of subordinates and
(Elton Mayo, Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor) persuade them to follow a particular course of action”.
viewed employees as individuals, resources, and assets In the words of Keith Davis, “without leadership, an
to be developed and worked with — not as machines as organization is but a muddle of men and
in the past. machines…Leadership transforms potential into reality.
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It is the ultimate act which brings to success all the
196. Who is considered as the father of ‘Human potential that is in an organization and its people.
Relations School of Management’?
A. Elton Mayo 200. ‘Contingency Approach’ to management is also
B. Henry Fayol known as:
C. Chester Bernard A. Human Relations Approach
D. D. McGregor B. Behavioural Science Approach
C. Leadership Approach
Answer: A (Elton Mayo) D. Situational Approach
197. Theory of Psychology of human resources is Answer: D (Situational Approach)
developed by :
A. Douglas McGregor Notes: It is also known as “Situational Approach”. The
B. Elton Mayo basic idea of this approach is that there cannot be a
C. Henry Fayol particular management action, which will be suitable
D. F. W. Taylor for all situations. In fact an appropriate action is one
which is designed on the basis of external environment
Answer: B (Elton Mayo) as well as internal needs.
198. Among the following empirical studies which 201. Contingency theories of leadership based upon:
enhanced the application of behavioural science in A. That there is no single style of leadership
management? appropriate to all situations
A. Mayo Experiments B. That there is a single style of leadership
B. Hawthorne Experiment appropriate to all managers
C. Dickson Experiment C. That there is a single style of leadership
D. Roethelisberger Experiment appropriate to all situations
Answer: B (Hawthorne Experiment) D. None of the above

199. Who stated “leadership is the ability of a Answer: A

superior to influence the behaviour of 202. Contingency model of leadership was developed
subordinates and persuade them to follow a by ___.
particular course of action”? A. Robert House
A. Keith Davis B. Rensis Likert
B. Chester Bernard C. Fred Fiedler
C. Fred Fiedler D. None of the above
D. Rensis Likert
Answer: C (Fred Fiedler)
Answer: B (Chester Bernard)

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 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

Notes: Fred Fiedler’s Contingency Theory, just like all 205. ‘Great Man Theory’ is another name of ___
contingency theories, states that there is no one best theory of leadership.
way to lead your team. The best way to lead your A. Situational
team will instead be determined by the situation. The B. Behavioural
first step in using the model is to determine your C. Trait
natural leadership style. To do this, Fiedler developed a D. Path-Goal
scale called the Least Preferred Coworker (LPC).
Answer: C (Trait)
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203. The concept of Least Preferred Coworker (LPC)
Scale was developed by __. Notes: Great Man theory is also known as Trait theory
A. Robert House of leadership. The trait theory assumes that leaders are
B. Rensis Likert born with inherited traits and good leaders have the right
C. Fred Fiedler combination of traits. In 1974, Stogdill identified certain
D. None of the above traits and skills that are essential for a leader.

Answer: C (Fred Fiedler) 206. Situational Theory of Leadership is developed

by __.
Notes: The concept of the Least Preferred Coworker A. Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard
(LPC) Scale was developed by Fred Fiedler. The scale B. Robert R. Blake and Jane S. Mouton
is used to identify if an individual's leadership style is C. Michael Porter and Jane S. Mouton
relationship-oriented or task-oriented. It requires D. None of the above
individuals to rate a person with whom they least prefer
to work with, using a range of 18 to 25 adjectives that Answer: A (Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard)
could be positive or negative along with ratings from 1 Notes: Situational Leadership Theory or Situational
to 8. The LPC score is calculated by summing up all the Leadership Model is created and introduced by Paul
ratings. A high score states that the individual is a Hersey and Ken Blanchard. The basic assumption of
relationship-oriented leader, while a low score suggests this theory is that the best action of the leader depends
that the individual is a task-oriented leader. on a range of situational factors. An effective
204. Which theory of leadership assumes that leadership requires leadership flexibility since different
capacity for leadership is inherent - that great situations require different leadership approaches and
leaders are born, not made? tactics.
A. Behavioural Theory 207. Which theory of leadership assumes that that
B. Contingency theory great leaders are made, not born?
C. Great Man theory A. Contingency theory
D. Situational theory B. Great Man theory
Answer: C (Great Man theory) C. Behavioural theory
D. None of the above
Notes: Great Man theory of leadership assumes that the
capacity for leadership is inherent - that great leaders Answer: C (Behavioural theory)
are born, not made. These theories often portray great Notes: Behavioral leadership theory argues that the
leaders as heroic, mythic and destined to rise to success of a leader is based on their behavior and
leadership when needed. The Great Man Theory was actions rather than their natural attributes. This theory is
proposed by Thomas Carlyle in 1949 who wrote On based on the belief that great leaders are made, not
Heroes, Hero-Worship, and The Heroic in History. born. The theory involves observing and evaluating a
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 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

leader's actions and behaviors when they are A. a, and c are correct
responding to a specific situation. According to this B. b, and c are correct
theory, people can learn to become leaders through C. c, and d are correct
teaching and observation. D. a, and b are correct

208. Managerial Grid Model was developed by ___. Answer: D

A. Robert R. Blake and Jane S. Mouton
B. Michael Porter and Jane S. Mouton Notes: The transactional theory of leadership was first
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C. Robert R. Blake and Michael Porter discussed by Max Weber in 1947 and was later
D. D. A. Wren and H. Smith developed by Bernard M Bass in 1981. Transactional
leadership theory is based on the idea that managers
Answer: A (Robert R. Blake and Jane S. Mouton) give employees something they want in exchange for
getting something they want. It focuses on the basic
Notes: The Managerial Grid Model is a behavioural management process of controlling, organizing, and
leadership model developed by Robert Blake and Jane short-term planning. The leader believes in motivating
Mouton in 1964. This model hhelps Managers to through a system of rewards and punishment.
analyze their leadership styles through a technique
known as grid training. The model identifies five 211. Who among the following are related with the
different leadership styles based on the two behavioral Transformational theory of leadership?
dimensions of leadership: (i) the concern for people a) James V. Downton
(relationships) and (ii) the concern for production b) James MacGregor Burns
(tasks). c) Bernard M. Bass
d) Robert R. Blake
209. Path-Goal Theory developed by Robert House is A. a, and c are correct
basically concerned with __. B. b, and c are correct
A. Motivation C. a, c, and d are correct
B. Leadership D. a, b, and c are correct
C. Communication
D. Performance Evaluation Answer: D

Answer: B (Leadership) Notes: The concept of transformational leadership was

initially introduced by James V. Downton, which
Notes: The path–goal theory, also known as the path– further developed by James MacGregor Burns. Later,
goal theory of leader effectiveness or the path–goal researcher Bernard M. Bass expanded upon Burns's
model, is a leadership theory developed by Robert original ideas to develop what is today referred to as
House and Martin Evans, in 1971 and revised in 1996. Bass’s Transformational Leadership Theory. Bass
Four types of leadership behavioar were identified by has suggested four different components of
Robert House : (i) Directive leader (ii) Supportive leader Transformational leadership: (a) Idealized Influence (II),
(iii) Participative leader (iv) Achievement-Oriented (b) Inspirational Motivation (IM), (c) Intellectual
leader Stimulation (IS), and (d) Individualized Consideration
210. Who among the following is related with (IC).
Transactional Theory of Leadership? 212. Select the correct combinations:
A. Max Weber a) Robert R. Blake – Leadership Theory
B. Bernard M. Bass b) Abraham Maslow – Motivation Theory
C. Robert R. Blake c) John Maynard Keynes – Monetary Theory
D. Abraham Maslow
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 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

d) Douglas McGregor – Theory X and Y 216. Max Weber propounded the following school of
management thought:
A. a, and c are correct A. Administrative Management School
B. b, and c are correct B. Operational Management School
C. c, and d are correct C. Bureaucratic School
D. a, b, c, and d are correct D. Contingency School

Answer: D Answer: C (Bureaucratic School)

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213. Select the correct combinations: Notes: Max Weber, a German Sociologist was the chief
a) Contingency Theory - Fred Fiedler architect of ‘Bureaucratic School of Management’. He
b) Situational Theory – Paul Hersey and Ken was the first to articulate a theory of the structure of
Blanchard authority in organizations and to distinguish between
c) Great Man Theory - Thomas Carlyle power and authority.
d) Leader-Participation Model – Victor Vroom
and Philip Yetton 217. The major contributor of the “Social Systems
A. a, and c are correct School” was:
B. b, and c are correct A. Henry Mintzberg
C. c, and d are correct B. Henry Fayol
D. a, b, c, and d are correct C. Chester I. Bernard
D. Herbert Simon
Answer: D
Answer: C (Chester I. Bernard)
Notes: The Leader-Participation theory of leadership
was developed by Victor Vroom and Phillip Yetton in Notes: Chester I. Bernard, the father of the Social
1973 and this theory is called by different names as, Systems School, developed a theory of cooperation as a
Decision-Participation Model and Normative Model. system in which people are able to communicate with
one another and willing to coordinate their efforts to a
214. The concept of Human relations was developed unified end result.
by __.
A. Edwin B. Filippo 218. Who wrote the book ‘Total Quality Control’
B. Herbert A. Simon among the following?
C. Abraham Maslow A. Edward Deming
D. Elton Mayo B. Armand V. Feigenbaum
C. Herbert A. Simon
Answer: D (Elton Mayo) D. Walter A. Shewhart

215. Elton Mayo and Marry Follett belongs to which Answer: B (Armand V. Feigenbaum)
school of thought?
A. Scientific Notes: Armand V. Feigenbaum originated the concept of
B. Classical total quality control in his book titled Total Quality
C. Human Relation Control, published in 1961which became the first book
D. Decision Making that started many Total Quality Management theories.

Answer: C (Human Relation) 219. Who coined the term ‘Hidden Plant’?
A. Walter Shewhart
B. Abraham Maslow

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 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

C. Armand V. Feigenbaum contributions to the field of Total Quality

D. Herbert A. Simon Management (TQM) and businesses that have
successfully implemented TQM.
Answer: C (Armand V. Feigenbaum)
223. ‘Shewhart Medal’ is awarded by ___.
Notes: Hidden Plant, or Hidden Factory, is a term A. American Society for Quality
coined by Quality guru Armand Feigenbaum to point out B. Japanese Society for Quality
the often un-tracked waste of rework. He discovered that C. British Society for Quality
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up to 40% of the capacity at a typical manufacturing D. European Society for Quality
plant was spent on fixing what was not done right the
first time. Answer: A (American Society for Quality)

220. Who among the following developed the Notes: The Shewhart Medal, named in honour
‘Pyramid of Self Actualization of Needs’? of Walter A. Shewhart, is awarded annually by
A. Peter Drucker the American Society for Quality for outstanding
B. H. J. Eyesenck technical leadership in the field of modern quality
C. Henry Fayol control, especially through the development to its theory,
D. Abraham Maslow principles, and techniques.The first medal was awarded
in 1948 to Leslie E. Simon. Edward Deming received
Answer: D (Abraham Maslow) this award in 1955. The society also established the
Notes: In 1954, Abraham Maslow created a pyramid of Ishikawa Medal in 1993 in honor of Kaoru Ishikawa
self actualization needs. These needs in hierarchical and is presented yearly to an individual who has
order are: Physiological – Safety – Social – Esteem, and demonstrated outstanding leadership in improving the
Self-actualization. human aspects of quality.

221. Which of the following needs is considered the 224. Six Sigma was developed by __.
A. Microsoft
least motivator:
A. Social B. Motorola
B. Security C. IBM
C. Physiological D. British Standards Institute
D. Self Actualization Answer: B (Motorola)
Answer: C (Physiological) Notes: Six Sigma (6σ) is a set of techniques and tools
222. Deming Prize is awarded in the field of __. for process improvement. It was introduced by
engineer Bill Smith while working at Motorola in 1986.
A. Total Quality Management
B. Statistical Analysis and Control The term "six sigma" comes from statistics and is used
C. Management theory Development in statistical quality control, which evaluates process
D. None of the above capability.

Answer: A (Total Quality Management) 225. There are 5 main steps in the implementation of
Six Sigma. The correct sequence are:
Notes: The Deming Prize, established in 1951 to honor A. Define – Measure – Analyze – Improve –
W. Edwards Deming by Japanese Union of Scientists Control
and Engineers (JUSE) is the oldest and one of the B. Define – Analyze – Measure – Improve –
highest awards on TQM (Total Quality Management) in Control
the world. It recognizes both individuals for their
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 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

C. Define – Analyze – Measure – Control – c) Jeff Hiatt

Improve d) John Paul Kotter
D. Analyze – Define – Measure – Control –
Improve A. a, c, and d are correct
B. b, and c are correct
Answer: A (Define – Measure – Analyze – Improve – C. b, c and d are correct
Control) D. a, b, c, and d are correct
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Notes: Six Sigma projects follow two project Answer: D
methodologies inspired by Edward Deming's Plan–Do–
Study–Act (PDCA) Cycle. These methodologies, 229. Who among the following developed the 7-S
composed of five phases/steps each, bear the acronyms model of Change management?
DMAIC and DMADV. DMAIC (Define-Measure- A. Robert Waterman & Tom Peters
Analyze-Improve-Control) is used for projects aimed at B. Herbert Simon
improving an existing business process. DMADV C. Richard Lytle & Tony Carbo
(Define-Measure-Analyze-Design-Verify) is used for D. R. N. Anthony
projects aimed at creating new product or process
Answer: A (Robert Waterman & Tom Peters)
designs.
Notes: McKinsey 7S Model is a management model,
226. Brainstorming is a technique which helps in __.
developed in 1980s by McKinsey consultants Tom
A. Improving the memory
Peters and Robert Waterman. The model is most often
B. Quick generation of ideas from a team
used as an organizational analysis tool to assess and
C. Medical treatment
monitor changes in the internal situation of an
D. Implementing ISO 9000
organization. These seven internal aspects of an
Answer: B (Quick generation of ideas from a team) organization need to be aligned if it is to be successful:
Strategy – Structure – Systems – Shared Values – Skills
Notes: Brainstorming is a group creativity technique by – Staff- Style. First three are considered ‘hard elements’
which efforts are made to find a solution for a specific and rest four are grouped under ‘Soft elements’. The
problem by gathering a list of ideas spontaneously model was first described in the book ‘ In Search of
contributed by its members. The term was popularized Excellence’ written by Robert H. Waterman and Tom
by Alex Faickney Osborn in his books ‘Your Creative Peters in 1982.
Power’ in 1948 and ‘Applied Imagination’ in 1953.
230. Kotter’s 8 Step Model is related to __.
227. Total Quality Management (TQM) is _. A. Business Management
A. A continuous process B. Change Management
B. An annual exercise C. Personnel Management
C. Conducted whenever the customer D. Library Management
complains
D. Conducted by ISO Answer: B (Change Management)

Answer: A (a continuous process) Notes: John Paul Kotter, the founder of Kotter
International, in his award winning book ‘Leading
228. Who among the following are associated with Change’ (1996), introduced the “Kotter’s 8 Step Change
change management? Model” to improve an organization’s ability to change
a) Kurt Lewin and to increase its chances of success.
b) Robert Waterman
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 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

231. Kurt Lewin’s 3 Step Change Model includes: 234. Who among the following is related to ‘Change
A. Unfreeze – Change – Refreeze Management Iceberg’?
B. Freeze – Change – Unfreeze A. Jeff Hiatt
C. Change – Unfreeze – Refreeze B. Robert Waterman
D. None of the above C. John Paul Kotter
D. Wilfried Kluger
Answer: A (Unfreeze – Change – Refreeze)
Answer: D (Wilfried Kluger)
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Notes: Kurt Lewin is one of the earliest change thinkers-
his ‘Three Step Change Model’ laid the foundations for Notes: The Change Management Iceberg deals with
modern day change theory. In his paper, ‘Frontier in both the apparent and unseen barriers to change in an
Group Dynamics’ published in 1947, he proposed a organization. It was developed by Wilfried Krüger and
three-step process: unfreeze, change/move, refreeze, attempts to force management to look at the hidden
for change management. challenges required to implement change.

232. Who developed the ‘Force Field Theory’ of 235. Viable System Model (VSM) for Change
Change? Management was developed by __.
A. Max Weber A. Harrington Emerson
B. Frederick Herzberg B. Stafford Beer
C. Kurt Lewin C. Kurt Lewin
D. Elton Mayo D. Robert Waterman

Answer: C (Kurt Lewin) Answer: B (Stafford Beer)

Notes: Force Field Analysis, a technique for 236. In SWOT Analysis, SWOT stands for ___.
diagnosing situations was given by Kurt Lewin. A. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and
According to Lewin, in any situation of change, there are Threats
two forces such as driving forces and restraining B. System, Work, Outstanding and Task
forces. C. Strong, Weak, Outstanding, Threats
D. None of the above
233. ADKAR Change management model was
developed by ___. Answer: A (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities
A. Kurt Lewin and Threats)
B. Robert Waterman
C. Jeff Hiatt Notes: SWOT analysis is a strategic planning technique
D. John Paul Kotter used to help an organization to identify its internal
strengths and weaknesses, as well as its external
Answer: C (Jeff Hiatt) opportunities and threats.

Notes: The ADKAR model was developed by Jeff Hiatt 237. Bench marking, SWOT analysis and
in 2003 and it was introduced as a practical tool by Environmental Scanning activities should occur
Prosci, a renowned change management consultancy continually and consistently in Library’s strategic
and learning centre. The acronym ADKAR stands planning process to ensure that ___.
for Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability and A. The organization is competitive and enabled
Reinforcement. to meet future needs as they occur.
B. Not to modify or update mission statements
of the organisation periodically.
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 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

C. To keep the library stakeholders under cloud Answer: B

about the forward movement of the
organisation. Notes: PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Socio-
D. To derecognise the faster movement of cultural and Technological) is a strategic tool used in
technology. project management for conducting external strategic
analysis or doing market research in order to give an
Answer: A overview of the different macro-environmental factors to
be taken into consideration. It is a strategic tool for
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238. A skillful method of providing means, understanding market growth or decline, business
mechanism and structural elements to streamline position, potential and direction for operations. There
organizational work is known as __. are variations of PEST Analysis that bring other factors
A. Strategic planning into consideration i.e. PESTLE (Political, Economic,
B. Role analysis Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental), C-
C. Work culture PEST (Cultural, Political, Economic, Social, and
D. Organizational chart Technological) etc.
Answer: A (Strategic planning) 241. Which two of the following are benefits of the
239. Which among the following tools are used for PEST analysis?
the analysis of event marketing environment? a) Analysis of the larger quantity of data at
A. Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis ease is feasible
B. SWOT Analysis b) Heightened attention to potential threats and
C. PEST Analysis dangers
D. All the above c) Helps users to understand the relationship
among activities
Answer: D d) More effective long-term strategic planning
A. a, and b only
Notes: SWOT, PESTLE, C-PEST and Porter’s 5 Forces B. b, and c only
Analysis tools are used to analyze the macro- C. c and d only
environment enabling the marketers to identify political, D. b, and d only
economic, social, technological, legal and environmental
factors. The event marketer gets to understand the Answer: D
context in which the event will be organized and
marketed. Information obtained after the assessment of Notes: PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Socio-
macro environmental factors helps the marketers and cultural and Technological) provides an understanding
event organizers to design the event and marketing of the wider business environment. Encourages the
development of strategic thinking. May raise awareness
strategy accordingly.
of threats to a project. Can help an organisation to
240. In PEST analysis, PEST stands for __. anticipate future difficulties and take action to avoid or
A. Population, Entity, Standard, and minimise their effect.
Technology
242. Porter 5 Forces model of Market Environment
B. Political, Economic, Socio-cultural and
Technological Analysis consists of __.
C. Population, Ecological factors, Standards a) Threat of new entrants
and Technology b) Threat of Substitutes
c) Bargaining Power of Buyers/Customers
D. None of the above
d) Bargaining Power of Suppliers
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 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

A. a, c, and d are correct c) Controlling

B. b, and c are correct d) Closing
C. b, c and d are correct A. a, and b are correct
D. a, b, c, and d are correct B. b, and c are correct
C. b, c and d are correct
Answer: D D. a, b, c and d are correct
Notes: Michael E. Porter's Five Forces is an event Answer: D
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marketing environment analysis framework for
analyzing competition of a business. This framework Notes: The six various phases of project management
was first developed and published in Harvard Business cycle are: (i) Need Identification (ii) Initiation (iii)
Review in 1979 and revised in 2008. The framework not Planning (iv) Executing (v) Controlling, and (vi) Closing
only recognizes competition on other companies
producing the similar product or service, but analyzing 245. Which from the following represents the correct
other components also that determine the nature of project cycle?
competition, such as: buyers, suppliers, potential A. Planning – Initiating – Executing – Closing
substitutes and potential new entrants into the market. B. Planning – Executing – Initiating – Closing
The model comprises the following five competitive C. Initiating – Planning – Executing – Closing
forces: (i) Threat of new entrants (ii) Threat of D. Initiating – Executing – Planning – Closing
substitutes (iii) Bargaining power of buyers/customers Answer: C
(iv) Bargaining power of suppliers (v) Existing
Competitive rivalry 246. Which among the following are techniques/tools
of Project Management?
243. Select from the following the basic elements of a) Gantt Chart
project management? b) Milestone Chart
a) Cost c) PERT/CPM
b) Time d) SWOT Analysis
c) Scope A. a, and b are correct
d) Quality B. b, and c are correct
A. a, and b are correct C. b, c and d are correct
B. b, and c are correct D. a, b, c and d are correct
C. b, c and d are correct
D. a, b, c and d are correct Answer: D

Answer: D Notes: The project management techniques help the

project manager to complete the project activities
Notes: The four basic elements of project management, successfully and effectively and achieve the project goal
which a project manager has to look into are: cost time, and objectives within the assigned time period and
scope and quality. All these four elements are budget. Broadly project management techniques/tools
interconnected and have to be managed effectively for can be classified under the following categories: (i)
the successful implementation of the project. SWOT Analysis: SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses,
244. What are the various phases involved in the Opportunities, Threats) is a strategic planning tool
Project Management Cycle? used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses,
a) Need Identification opportunities, and threats to a project. It involves
b) Planning specifying the objective of the project and identifying
the internal and external factors that are favorable and
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unfavorable to achieving that project objective. The Notes: Milestone Chart is an improvisation over the
origins of the SWOT analysis technique is credited by Gantt Chart by introducing the concept of milestones.
Albert Humphrey, who led a research project at The milestone, represented by a triangle over a task in
Stanford University in the 1960s. (ii) Bar Charts - Bar the bar chart indicates completion of a specific phase of
Charts are the pictorial representation of various tasks the task. This was used because by drawing a simple bar
required to be performed for accomplishment of the chart one cannot monitor the progress of a particular
project objectives. The bar charts are of two types: (a) task. In a milestone chart a task is broken down in to
Gantt Chart and (b) Milestone Chart (iii) Networks –
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specific activities and after accomplishment of the
Two widely used techniques for network analysis are: specific activity a milestone is reached or in other words
(a) Programme Evaluation and Review Technique an event occurs.
(PERT), and (b) Critical Path Method (CPM).
250. The description of relation between work and
247. Various activities of a project, are shown on bar time by using the charts is known as:
charts by __. A. Organization chart
A. Vertical lines B. Flow chart
B. Horizontal lines C. Gantt chart
C. Dots D. Bar chart
D. Crosses
Answer: C (Gantt chart)
Answer: B (Horizontal lines)
Notes: Henry L Gantt in 1917 developed a system of bar
248. In bar charts, which color is used to show the charts for scheduling and reporting of a project. These
actual progress? charts were latter known as Gantt Charts. It is a
A. Red pictorial representation specifying the start and
B. Black finish time for various tasks to be performed in a
C. Blue project on a horizontal time scale. The Gantt chart as a
D. Green tool is used: (i) To plan time scale of a project (ii) To
estimate resources required for a project (iii) For
Answer: D (Green) graphical illustration of schedule of tasks to be
Notes: In bar charts, different colors are sometimes completed (iv) Helps to plan, coordinate and track
filled in the bars for showing various control specific tasks for project (v) Good for small projects
when the number of tasks or activities is small and not
information. For actual progress, green colour is used.
complex i.e. good for simple projects.
For anticipated progress, black color is used and for
progress behind schedule, red color is used. 251. A horizontal bar chart that shows project tasks
against a calendar is called:
249. A Milestone chart __.
A. Milestone chart
A. Shows the delay of jobs, if any
B. Shows the interdependencies of various jobs B. Gantt chart
C. Shows a group of milestones in an organized C. PERT chart
way D. None of the above
D. Points out going ahead of schedule of jobs, Answer: B (Gantt chart)
if any
252. The statistical tool that depicts a project’s tasks
Answer: C (Shows a group of milestones in an and the relationships between those tasks is
organized way) known as:

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 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

A. Milestone chart Dummy activity: An activity that indicates precedence

B. Gantt chart relationship and requires neither time nor resource. It is
C. PERT chart usually represented by a broken arrow.
D. None of the above
Event: Event is a point that marks the start or
Answer: C (PERT chart) completion of one or more tasks. Event is usually
denoted by a circle which is divided into two equal
Notes: The best-known technique for network analysis halves. The left half is meant for event number. The
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is Programme Evaluation and Review Technique right half is further divided into two segments, the top
(PERT) developed during 1956-1958. The PERT was representing Earliest Starting Time (EST) and the
developed for US navy for scheduling the research and bottom Latest Starting Time (LST).
development activities for Polaris Missiles Programme.
The heart of any PERT chart is a network of tasks Float or Slack: Is the amount of time that a task in a
needed to complete a project, showing the order in project network can be delayed.
which the tasks need to be completed and the
dependencies between them. Some of the key features 254. ‘Time and Motion’ study was enunciated by __.
of network diagram are: (i) It is a graphical depiction A. Edward Evans
of project tasks and their inter-relationships. (ii) The B. Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
important feature of network diagram is that the ordering C. Harrington Emerson
of Tasks is shown by connecting with it predecessor and D. G. McGregor
successor tasks. (iii) Net work diagramming is a Critical Answer: B (Frank and Lillian Gilbreth)
Path Scheduling Technique used for controlling
resources. (iv) Critical Path Scheduling Project Notes: Frank Gilbreth and his wife Lillian Gilbreth were
Management is a technique whose order and duration of associated with Time and Motion study. However, The
sequence of task activities directly affect the Completion Time Study was developed by Frederick W. Taylor
date of a project. and Motion Study was developed by Frank and Lillian
Gilbreth.
253. Which symbol is used to represent activity in a
network diagram? 255. Time- and-Motion study concept is related to
A. Circles which school of management?
B. Squares A. Classical School of Management
C. Rectangles B. Scientific School of Management
D. Arrows C. Human Relations School
D. Social System School
Answer: D (Arrows)
Answer: B (Scientific School of Management)
Notes: A network is a flow diagram that consists of
Events and Activities which are connected sequentially Notes: Time and-motion study and piece-rate incentives
and logically. are two major managerial practices developed by
scientific management theorist and widely used even
Activity: is the actual performance of a task which
today. Frederick W. Taylor along with his associates
consumes time and requires resources. Arrows are used Henry L. Gantt, Frank Gilbreth and Harrington
to represent activity in a network diagram. Every Emerson contributed to develop the principles and
activity lies between events. practices of Scientific Management in the beginning of
the 20th Century.

40 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

256. ‘Differential Piece Rate System’ was introduced D. Psychological

by ___.
A. F. W. Taylor Answer: B (Scientific)
B. Edward Evans 259. Who among the following persons is considered
C. Harrington Emerson as father of modern management?
D. G. McGregor A. Henry Fayol
Answer: A (F. W. Taylor) B. Henry Gantt
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C. F. W. Taylor
Notes: Differential Piece Rate System was introduced D. Frederick Herzberg
by F. W. Taylor, the father of scientific management.
The underlying principle of this system is to penalize a Answer: A (Henry Fayol)
slow worker by paying him a low piece rate for low 260. ___ improves the planning and control of
production and to reward an efficient worker by giving operations by providing better information for
him a higher piece rate for a higher production. decision making.
257. Which of the following theories belongs to A. System analysis
‘Modern Management Theory’? B. Management Information System
a) Scientific Management Theory C. Operation Management
b) Systems Theory D. Controlling Techniques
c) Contingency Theory Answer: B (Management Information System)
d) Human Relations School
A. a, and b are correct 261. Select the correct combinations:
B. b, and c are correct a) SWOT Analysis - Albert Humphrey
C. b, c and d are correct b) POSDCORB - Luther Gullick and Lyndell
D. a, b, and d are correct Urwick
c) PPBS - Robert S. Mc Namara
Answer: B d) ZBB - Peter Phyrr
Notes: Hitt and others (1979) classify management A. a, and b are correct
theories into three broad groups and under each group a B. b, and c are correct
few schools of thought are identified: (i) Classical C. b, c and d are correct
Management Theory (1880s to 1920s) – (a) Scientific D. a, b, c and d are correct
Management School (b) Administrative Management Answer: D
School (c) Bureaucratic Organization (ii) Neo-classical
Management Theory (1920s to 1950s) – (a) Human 262. Value Added Information Model was suggested
Relations School and (b) Behavioural Schools (iii) by ___.
Modern Management Theory – (a) Systems Theory (b) A. Robert S. Taylor
Contingency Theory (c) Management Science School, B. R. N. Anthony
and (d) Organizational Humanism School C. Alex Faickney Osborn
D. Robert Waterman
258. Modern management is characterized by a __
approach. Answer: A (Robert S. Taylor)
A. Logistic
B. Scientific Notes: In information systems, data are processed in
C. Hypothetical various stages, and at every stage value is added in order
to make the data useful for end users. The model
41 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

developed by Robert S. Taylor for his book Value-Added Notes: In economics, fixed costs, indirect costs or
Processes in Information Systems (1986) has been overheads are business expenses that are not dependent
highly influential in the field of library and information on the level of goods or services produced by the
science. He presented 23 specific values which may be business. They tend to be time-related, such as interest
added to information systems. Later David Bawden has or rents being paid per month, and are often referred to
presented these values in six groups, from a user point of as overhead costs.
view: (i) Ease of use, (ii) noise reduction, (iii) quality,
266. From the following, identify the Management
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(iv) adaptability, (v) time-saving and (vi) cost-saving.
Scientists who belong to the Classical
263. Select the correct combinations: Management Era:
a) Scientific Management – F. W. Taylor a) G. E. Mayo
b) Administration – Henry Fayol b) F. W. Taylor
c) Human Relations School – Elton Mayo c) Henri Fayol
d) Corporate Strategy – F. Hertzberg d) D. McGregor
A. a, and b are correct
A. a, and b are correct B. b, and c are correct
B. b, and c are correct C. c and d are correct
C. b, c and d are correct D. a, and d are correct
D. a, b, c, and d are correct
Answer: B
Answer: D
Notes: Classical management theory is based on the
264. Select the correct combinations: belief that workers only have physical and economic
a) Kurt Lewin’s Model – Management of needs. It does not take into account social needs or job
Change satisfaction, but instead advocates a specialization of
b) PERT/CPM – Project Management labor, centralized leadership and decision-making, and
techniques profit maximization.
c) Benchmarking – Quality Management
d) Micromotion – Work flow Analysis 267. Two main contributors to the TQM are:
a) Henry Fayol and Philip B. Crosby
A. a, and b are correct b) Douglas McGregor and Henry Fayol
B. b, and c are correct c) Joseph M. Juran and Philip Crosby
C. a, b, c, and d are correct d) W. Edwards Deming and Joseph M. Juran
D. b, c and d are correct A. a, and b are correct
B. b, and c are correct
Answer: C C. c, and d are correct
D. b, and d are correct
265. Costs which do not vary with output are called
as ___. Answer: C
A. Unit costs
B. Fixed costs 268. A four Ps in marketing include ___.
C. Variable costs A. Planning, Product, Pricing, Promotion
D. Marginal costs B. Product, Price, Promotion, Place
C. Product, Price, Promotion, Programming
Answer: B (Fixed costs) D. Preview, Price, Promotion, Place

Answer: B
42 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

269. Different elements of the ‘marketing mix’ are: Notes: The 4’Cs Marketing model was developed by
a) Product, Price and Promotion Robert F. Lauterborn in 1990. These four crucial
b) Product, Packaging and Promotion factors determine whether or not the marketing of a
c) Product, Place and Promotion product or brand is successful. They are: Customer
d) Product, Customer focus and Price Value, Cost, Convenience and Communication. The
difference between 4P’s and 4C’s marketing models is
A. a, and c are correct that 4P’s model is more Producer oriented (seller’s
perspective), whereas 4C’s model is more Consumer
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B. b, and c are correct
C. c, and d are correct oriented (Buyer’s perspective).
D. b, and d are correct
272. Who developed the 4C’s model of Marketing
Answer: A Communications?
A. David Jobber and John Fahy
Notes: The term ‘Marketing Mix’ was developed by B. Philip Kotlar
Neil Borden who first started using the phrase in 1949. C. C. P. Alderfer
The marketing mix (also known as the 4 Ps) is a D. Michael Porter and H. Smith
foundation model for businesses. It can be defined as the
"set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its Answer: A (David Jobber and John Fahy)
marketing objectives in the target market". The
marketing mix refers to four broad levels of marketing Notes: There are two 4C’s models within the marketing
decision, namely: product, price, place, and domain which should not be confused with each other.
promotion. The 4Ps model was created by E. Jerome One model as discussed above relates to marketing mix
McCarthy in 1960. Later in late 1970’s it was extended and proposed by Robert F. Lauterborn. The other 4C’s
by Bernard Booms and Mary Bitner who added 3 new model for marketing communications was put forward
elements to the 4 P’s Principles. The extended elements by David Jobber and John Fahy, in their book
are: People, Processes and Physical Evidence. The ‘Foundations of Marketing’ in 2009 discussed the 4C’s
extension is done to make it suitable for services model of Marketing Communications. The 4C’s of
marketing as the original 4P’s model was more suitable Marketing Communications are: Clarity, Credibility,
for product marketing. Consistency and Competitiveness.

270. Which one of the following is the element of the 273. ‘Information’ in the SIVA model of marketing
marketing mix? mix corresponds to __.
A. People A. Place
B. Purchase B. Promotion
C. Power C. Product
D. Product D. Price

Answer: D (Product) Answer: B (Promotion)

271. The 4C's Marketing model was developed by __. Notes: SIVA stands for Solutions, Information, Value,
A. Philip Kotlar and Access which accurately corresponds to following 4
B. Robert F. Lauterborn P’s of Marketing mix: i.e. Solutions (Products),
C. Robert F. D’souza Information (Promotion), Value (Price) and Access
D. International Marketing Association (Place).

Answer: B (Robert F. Lauterborn) 274. Who among the following developed the ‘SIVA
Model’ of marketing management?
43 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

A. Chekitan Dev and Don Schultz D. b, and d are correct

B. David Jobber and John Fahy
Answer: A
C. Philip Kotlar
D. Robert F. Lauterborn 277. Select the correct combinations:
a) Quality Trilogy Process – J. M. Juran
Answer: A (Chekitan Dev and Don Schulz)
b) Quality Management Maturity Grid – Philip
Notes: The traditional marketing mix is based on B. Crosby
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product-oriented approach which revolves around c) 14 Points for Management – W. Edwards
Product, Price, Promotion, and Place (4 Ps). The Deming
S.I.V.A. Model provides a customer-centric model – a d) Fishbone diagram – Kaoru Ishikawa
modern alternative to the well-known four Ps marketing
mix model. It was developed in 2005 by Chekitan Dev A. a, and c are correct
and Don Schultz. SIVA stands for Solutions, B. b, and c are correct
Information, Value, and Access which accurately C. c, and d are correct
reflects the customer-focused strategy that is the need D. a, b, c, and d are correct
and demand of today’s marketplace.
Answer: D
275. ‘Task and bonus’ system was developed by ___.
Notes: Deming’s 14 Points on Quality Management is a
A. Henry Fayol
set of management practices to help companies increase
B. Lillian Gilbreth
their quality and productivity. These are: (i) Create a
C. Doughlas McGregor
constant purpose toward improvement (ii) Adopt the
D. H. L. Gantt
new philosophy (iii) Stop depending on inspections (iv)
Answer: D (H. L. Gantt) Use a single supplier for any one item (v) Improve
constantly and forever (vi) Use training on the job (vii)
Notes: It was developed by Henry L. Gantt, a close Implement leadership (viii) Eliminate fear (ix) Break
associate of F.W. Taylor. Under it, standard time for down barriers between departments (x) Get rid of
every task is fixed through time and motion study. unclear slogans (xi) Eliminate management by
Minimum time wage is guaranteed to all workers. A objectives (xii) Remove barriers to pride of
worker who fails to complete the task within the workmanship (xiii) Implement education and self-
standard time receives wages for actual time spent at the improvement (xiv) Make "transformation" everyone's
specified rate. Workers who achieve or exceed the job.
standard get extra bonus varying between 20% to 50%
of the hourly rate for the time allowed for the task. 278. Select the correct combinations:
a) Abraham Maslow – Hierarchy of needs
276. Which of the following are the features of b) C. P. Alderfer – ERG Theory
Operations Research? c) Frederick Herzberg – Two Factor Theory
a) Aid in decision making d) David McClelland – Acquired-needs theory
b) Handles decision tables
c) Optimization of Performance A. a, and c are correct
d) Used as motivational technique B. b, and c are correct
C. c, and d are correct
A. a, and c are correct D. a, b, c, and d are correct
B. b, and c are correct
C. c, and d are correct Answer: D

44 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

person for 1,500 volumes newly added in a year; one

person for 50,000 volumes in the library]
279. The staff formula for university and college
libraries in India has been formulated by: Reference Section – One person for every 50 readers
A. Indian Library Association (other than the users of the textbook collection) in a day
B. B. S. Kesavan
C. S. R. Ranganathan Circulation section – One person for every 1500 hours
D. IASLIC for which one gate of the library has to be kept open in a
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year
Answer: C (S. R. Ranganathan)
281. The fastest charging system is ___.
280. For acquisition of 6000 books in a library in a A. Newark system
year, Dr. S. R. Ranganathan in his staff formula B. Browne system
has recommended: C. Ledger system
A. Two professional staff D. Dummy system
B. Three professional staff
C. Four professional staff Answer: B (Browne system)
D. One professional staff 282. ‘Living with books’ deals with library __.
Answer: D (One Professional Staff) A. Book selection
B. Book accessioning
Notes: The University Grants Commission appointed in C. Book cataloguing
1957 a committee under the chairmanship of Dr. S. R. D. Book classification
Ranganathan to advise the development of university
and college libraries and their organization. The Library Answer: A (Book selection)
Committee laid down the strength of staff for different Notes: ‘Living with Books: the Art of Book Selection’ is
sections in university and college libraries as follows: written by Helen E. Haines in the year 1935 is related to
Acquisition Section – One person for every 6000 book selection.
volumes added in a year 283. Who wrote the book ‘Building Library
Periodical Publication Section: One person for every Collections’?
500 current periodicals taken [Note: Later on Dr A. Helen E. Haines
Ranganathan suggested some changes, One person B. Dr. S. R. Ranganathan
for 1,500 periodicals subscribed] C. Arthur Curley and Dorothy Broderick
D. Arthur Fremont Rider
Documentation Section: One person for every 1000
entries prepared in a year. Answer: C (Arthur Curley and Dorothy Broderick)

Technical Section – One person for every 2000 volumes Notes: Arthur Curley and Dorothy M. Broderick wrote
added in a year the book ‘Building Library Collections’ in 1985 in
which they proposed their book selection theories.
Maintenance Section – One person for every 6000
volumes added in a year; one person for every 500 284. Conspectus method- a tool for evaluating the
volumes to be replaced in a day; and one person for collection was first introduced by ___.
every 1,00,000 volumes in the library. [Note: Later on A. RLG
Dr Ranganathan suggested some changes, One B. ASLIB
C. OCLC
45 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

D. ALA B. a, c, and d are correct

C. b, c, and d are correct
Answer: A (RLG) D. a, b, and c are correct
Notes: The Research Libraries Group (RLG) was a Answer: B
U.S.-based library consortium that existed from 1974
until its merger with the OCLC library consortium in 288. What is the recommended distance between the
2006. In 1979, RLG developed a collection assessment centers of two rows of shelves?
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tool known as Conspectus method to ensure uniform A. 2 metres
evaluation of collection and facilitate resource sharing. B. 1.8 metres
C. 1.5 metres
285. IFLA Strategic Programme on Preservation and D. 1.2 metres
Conservation (PAC) was created during Nairobi
Conference in ___. Answer: B (1.8 metres)
A. 1984
B. 1985 289. Librarian serves as a ___ of the library
C. 1986 committee.
D. 1988 A. Chairman
B. Ordinary member
Answer: A (1984) C. Member secretary
D. Observer
Notes: The IFLA Strategic Programme on Preservation
and Conservation was officially created during IFLA Answer: C (Member Secretary)
Annual Conference in Nairobi in 1984 to focus efforts
on issues of preservation and initiate worldwide co- Notes: Library Committee generally comprised of 5-12
operation for the preservation of library material. members depending upon the size and type of library. Its
However, it was effectively launched during 1986 members comprise of faculty, local legislators,
Conference on “Preservation and Conservation of specialists and representatives of library authority. In
Library Materials”, co-organized by Directors of case of college library, chairman could be Principle or
National Libraries, IFLA and UNESCO. Director of the college. Similarly, in case of university
libraries, the chairman could be the Dean, or Vice
286. Ideal temperature and relative humidity for Chancellor, or Pro-vice Chancellor. The librarian
preservation of documents are: generally serves as the member-secretary of the library
A. 20-25 Degree Celsius 45-50% committee. The tenure of the library committee is
B. 10-15 Degree Celsius 51-55% generally one to three years.
C. 30-35 Degree Celsius 60-65%
D. 40-45 Degree Celsius 65-70% 290. Who amongst the following should not be the
member of Building Committee of the Library?
Answer: A (20-25 Degree Celsius 45-50%) A. Librarian
B. Architect
287. Which are the factors responsible for C. Library Committee
deterioration of library materials? D. Semi professional assistant
a) Biological factor
b) Electromagnetic factor Answer: D (Semi Professional assistant)
c) Chemical factor
d) Environmental factor 291. Which of the following statements is correct?
A. a, b, and d are correct
46 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

A. Library authority and Library Committee are 294. The toolkit containing LIBQUAL, DigiQUAL,
the same MINES and LibValue for measuring the impact of
B. Library Committee is subordinate to Library library and information services on users is
Authority prepared by ___.
C. Library Authority is subordinate to Library A. Association of Research Libraries
Committee B. Association of College and Research
D. Library Authority and Library Committee Libraries
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have no relationship at all C. International Coalition of Library Consortia
D. Online Computer Library Centre
Answer: B
Answer: A (Association of Research Libraries)
292. Library authority means __.
A. Governing Body Notes: Association of Research Libraries (ARL),
B. Librarian established in 1932 and headquartered in Chicago, is a
C. Library members nonprofit organization of 124 research libraries in North
D. None of the above America.

Answer: A (Governing Body) 295. MINES for Libraries®, a tool for measuring the
impact of networked electronic services was
Notes: A Library authority can be a person or a group developed by __.
like a board of management, board of trustees, etc. that A. Brinley Franklin and Terry Plum
has power to make decisions and implement them. In the B. Michael Porter and H. Smith
context of library, the terms ‘governing bodies’ and C. Robert Waterman and D. A. Wren
‘library authorities’ are mostly used interchangeably. D. None of the above
293. LibQUAL+, a web-based survey tool for Answer: A (Brinley Franklin and Terry Plum)
advanced measurement of data quality in library,
is offered by ___. Notes: MINES for Libraries® was developed by
A. University of Southampton Brinley Franklin and Terry Plum, as an online,
B. Library of Congress transaction-based survey that collects data on the
C. Association of Research Libraries (ARL) purpose of use of electronic resources and on the
D. Online Computer Library Centre (OCLC) demographics of users. MINES (Measuring the Impact
of Networked Electronic Resources) is a point-of-use
Answer: C (Association of Research Libraries (ARL) survey technique that integrates usage data about
Notes: LibQUAL+ is a tool that libraries use to solicit, electronic resources such as digital collections, open
access journals, pre-print and post-print servers, and
track, understand, and act upon users’ opinions of
institutional repositories, to give an inclusive picture of
service quality. LibQUAL+ is a web-based survey tool
offered by the Association of Research Libraries the library's supported networked electronic resources.
(ARL) that helps libraries assess and improve library In May 2003, MINES was adopted as part of the
Association of Research Libraries New Measures
services, change organizational culture, and market the
Program and is now one of ARL’s library assessment
library. The LibQUAL+ survey evolved from a
conceptual model based on the SERVQUAL instrument, tools offered through StatsQUAL®.
a popular tool for assessing service quality in the private 296. StatsQUAL® suite of library assessment tools
sector. ARL, representing the largest research libraries in includes:
North America, partnered with Texas A&M University a) LibQUAL+®
Libraries to develop, test, and refine LibQUAL+.
47 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

b) ClimateQUAL® Answer: D
c) MINES for Libraries®
d) DigiQUAL® 298. LibValue project is related to __.
A. a, and c are correct A. Academic libraries
B. b, and c are correct B. Special libraries
C. c, and d are correct C. Public libraries
D. a, b, c, and d are correct D. None of the above
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Answer: D Answer: A (Academic libraries)

Notes: StatsQUAL suite of library assessment tools that Notes: Values, Outcomes, and Return on Investment
operates under the leadership of the Association of of Academic Libraries (Lib-Value) is a three year
Research Libraries (ARL). Through StatsQUAL, (2009-2012) study funded by the Institute of Museum
libraries gain access to a number of tools that are used to and Library Services (IMLS) to define and measure
used to assess library’s effectiveness and contribution to ways in which academic libraries create value through
teaching, learning and research. StatsQUAL® presents research, teaching and learning, and social, professional,
these tools in a single powerful interactive framework and public engagement. LibValue is developing a set of
that integrates and enhances data mining and tested methodologies and tools to help academic
presentation both within and across institutions. librarians measure which products and services provide
StatsQUAL® includes tools such as LibQUAL+ the most value to their institutions. LibValue is one of
(launched in 2000), DigiQUAL®, MINES for the library assessment tools of StatsQUAL suites
Libraries® (launched in 2005), ClimateQUAL® operates under the leadership of Association of
(launched in 2007) and LibValue. Research Libraries (ARL).

297. Select the correct combinations: 299. SAILS (Standardized Assessment of

a) LibQUAL+® - A tool used by libraries to Information Literacy Skills) Project was started at
solicit, track, understand, and act upon users' __.
opinions of service quality A. Kent State University
b) DigiQUAL® - An online survey tool B. Southampton University
designed for users of digital libraries that C. Stanford University
measures reliability and trustworthiness of D. Oxford University
Web sites. Answer: A (Kent State University)
c) MINES for Libraries® - An online
transaction-based survey that collects data Notes: Project SAILS® (Standardized Assessment of
on the purpose of use of electronic resources Information Literacy Skills) began in 2001 at Kent State
and the demographics of users. University with the goal of developing a standardized
d) ClimateQUAL® - An assessment of library test of information literacy skills that would allow
staff perceptions concerning (a) their libraries to document skill levels for groups of students
library's commitment to the principles of and to pinpoint areas for improvement. The project was
diversity, (b) organizational policies and completed in 2006. Carrick Enterprises is responsible
procedures, and (c) staff attitudes. for the operation of Project SAILS. Project SAILS is
A. a, and c are correct knowledge test with multiple-choice questions targeting
B. b, and c are correct a variety of information literacy skills. These test items
C. c, and d are correct are based on the ACRL Information Literacy
D. a, b, c, and d are correct Competency Standards for Higher Education. The

48 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

SAILS test offers universities and colleges a method for D. Both A and C
testing the information literacy skills of their students.
Answer: B (Job Analysis)
300. Select the correct combinations:
a) Job Analysis – Process of studying and 304. Skill, efforts, responsibilities and job conditions
collecting information relating to the are the factors to evaluate __.
operations and responsibilities for a specific A. Job Analysis
job. B. Job Description
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b) Job Specifications – Statement of minimum C. Job Work
acceptable qualifications/qualities required D. Work Analysis
in the employee for effective performance of
Answer: A (Job Analysis)
the job.
c) Job rotation – Movement of employee from 305. What is the fundamental base to manage human
one job to another job resources in libraries?
d) Job Description – Systematic procedure that A. Job description
measures the relative importance and values B. Class Analysis
of each job on the basis of skills needed, and C. Job Analysis
duties and responsibilities associated with it. D. Job Satisfaction

A. a, and c are correct Answer: C (Job Analysis)

B. b, and c are correct
306. The process of analyzing a given job into
C. c, and d are correct
different distinct items is known as:
D. a, b, c, and d are correct
A. Job chart
Answer: D B. Job analysis
C. Jot allotment
301. Job analysis is must for employees__. D. Job enrichment
A. Training
B. Performing appraisal Answer: B (Job Analysis)
C. Compensations
Notes: Job analysis is the process of collecting job
D. All the above
related information – duties, responsibilities, skills and
Answer: D (All the above) knowledge associated to a particular job. In job
analysis, information about a job is collected and not
302. A Job analysis consists of __. about the incumbent. Such information helps in the
A. Job description preparation of job description and job specification. In
B. Job specification other words, the process of job analysis results in two
C. Both A and B sets of data (i) Job description – indicates what all a
D. None of the above given job involves i.e. tasks and responsibilities tagged
on to a job, job title, duties, machines and equipment
Answer: C (Both A and B) involved, working conditions and hazards surrounding a
303. Determining the duties and characteristics of job, and the like generally form part of job description.
positions in staffing, is known as __. (ii) Job Specification- involves capabilities that the job-
A. Job descriptions holder should possess i.e. education, experience,
B. Job analysis training, skills, communication skills generally form part
C. Job specifications of Job Specification. In short, job description implies
49 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

objectively listing of the job title, tasks, duties and responsibilities, restrictions, demands and other
responsibilities involved in a job, while Job miscellaneous position characteristics.
specifications involves listing of employee
qualifications, skills and abilities needed to do the job (iii) Functional Job Analysis (FJA) – The FJA is a
satisfactorily. worker-oriented job analysis approach which attempts to
describe the whole person on the job.
307. The Job analysis information can be collected
through __. 309. The Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ) for
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A. Checklists job analysis is __.
B. Questionnaire A. Quantitative technique
C. Interviews B. Qualitative technique
D. All the above C. Both A and B
D. None of the above
Answer: D (All the above)
Answer: A (Quantitative technique)
Notes: The method of collecting job-related data are: (i)
observational method (ii) interviews (iii) Questionnaire 310. A list, consisting of job duties and
(iv) Checklists (v) Diary method (vi) Technical responsibilities, form part of __.
conferences. However, a combination these methods can A. Job descriptions
be used depending upon the situation and organization. B. Job analysis
C. Job specifications
308. Which among the following are the quantitative D. Both A and C
techniques for collecting job analysis data?
A. The Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ) Answer: A (Job descriptions)
B. Management Position Description 311. The reporting relationships and working
Questionnaire (MPDQ) conditions related to a job is stated in __.
C. Functional Job Analysis (FJA) A. Job descriptions
D. All the above B. Job analysis
Answer: D (All the above) C. Job specifications
D. Both A and C
Notes: The three most popular quantitative techniques
generally used for collecting job-related data are: Answer: A (Job descriptions)

(i) Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ) - The 312. While writing job description, the major
Position Analysis Questionnaire (FAQ) is a highly functions or activities are written in __.
specialized instrument for analyzing any job in terms of A. Job summary
employee activities. The PAQ contains 194 job elements B. Responsibilities and duties
on which a job is created depending on the degree to C. Job identification
which an element is present. These elements are grouped D. Both B and C
into six general categories. Answer: A (Job summary)
(ii) Management Position Description Questionnaire 313. While writing job description, the ‘job title’ is
(MPDQ) – The MPDQ is a highly structured generally written in the section of __.
questionnaire containing 208 items, which further A. Job summary
grouped into 13 categories, relating to managerial B. Job identification
C. Responsibility and duties
50 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

D. Both B and C Answer: A (Getting suitable candidate)

Answer: B (Job Identification) 318. Which of the following are parts of job
description?
314. Determining the type of people, which a a) Job identification
company needs for job, is referred as __. b) Job summary
A. Job descriptions c) Duties performed
B. Job analysis d) Supervision given
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C. Job specifications A. a, c, and d are correct
D. Both A and C B. b, and c are correct
C. b, c and d are correct
Answer: C (Job specifications)
D. a, b, c, and d are correct
315. Personal qualities and traits required for job is
stated in __. Answer: D
A. Job descriptions 319. Job description does not contain details about
B. Job analysis __.
C. Job specifications A. Job summary
D. Both A and C B. Location
Answer: C (Job specifications) C. Working condition
D. Educational qualification
316. Designing a job according to the worker’s
physical strength and ability is known as: Answer: D (Educational qualification)
A. Ergonomics Notes: Educational qualification is a part of job
B. Job autonomy specifications.
C. Job outsourcing
D. Job reengineering 320. A written summary of KSA required to perform
a job is __.
Answer: A (Ergonomics) A. Job analysis
Notes: Ergonomics is concerned with designing and B. Job description
C. Job specification
shaping jobs to fit the physical abilities and
characteristics of individuals so that they can perform D. Job design
their jobs effectively. In other word, Ergonomics helps Answer: C (Job specification)
employers to design jobs in such a way that worker’s
physical abilities and job demands are balanced. Notes: KSA represents Knowledge, Skills and
Remember that in ergonomics, nature of jobs remain the Abilities. KSAs describe the qualifications and personal
same but the location of tools, switches and other attributes (knowledge, skills, and abilities) you need to
facilities is changed to make the job-holder feel successfully perform the job requirements of a certain
comfortable. job.

317. Job description helps in ___. 321. Which of the following is not
A. Getting suitable candidate technique/approach of job design?
B. Improving the skills A. Job enrichment
C. Satisfying the job B. Job rotation
D. Completing the assigned work C. Job outsourcing

51 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

D. Job enlargement 324. The purpose of job evaluation is to determine

__.
Answer: C (Job outsourcing) A. Worth of a job-holder in comparison to
Notes: The following are the popular others in the same hierarchy
approaches/components to job designs: (i) Job rotation B. Worth of a job in relation to other jobs
(ii) Job engineering (iii) Job enlargement (iv) Job C. Expenses incurred to make a job
enrichment D. Time duration of a job
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322. A job design is __. Answer: B (Worth of a job in relation to other jobs)
A. The design involving maximum acceptable Notes: Job evaluation is the process of analyzing and
job design qualities to perform a job assessing the various jobs systematically to ascertain
B. The division of total task to be performed their relative worth in an organization. Jobs are
into manageable and efficient units evaluated on the basis of their content and are placed in
C. A systematic way of designing and the order of their importance. In this way, a job
determining the worth of a job hierarchy is established in the organization, the purpose
D. None of the above being fixation of satisfactory wage differentials among
Answer: B various jobs. It should be noted that in a job evaluation
programme, the jobs are ranked and no the job-
Notes: Job design means to decide the contents of a job. holders. Jobs holders are rated through performance
It fixes the duties and responsibilities of the job, the appraisal.
methods of doing the job, and the relationships between
the job holder and his superiors, subordinates and 325. Job evaluation tries to make a systematic
colleagues. In short, job design aims at outlining and comparison between __.
organizing tasks, duties, and responsibilities into a A. Workers
single unit of work for the achievement of certain B. Jobs
objectives. It also outlines the methods and relationships C. Machines
that are essential for the success of a particular job. The D. Departments
job design approach was conceptualized from Frederick Answer: B (Jobs)
Winslow Taylor's research of time and motion and
scientific management. According to Taylor “job design 326. Basis of Job evaluation is __.
is complete written instructions describing in detail the A. Job design
task to be accomplished. The task specifies what is to be B. Job ranking
done, how it is done and exact time allowed for doing C. Job analysis
it.” D. None of the above

323. Job ___ is the process of describing jobs and Answer: C (Job analysis)
arranging their interrelationships.
A. Design Notes: Job evaluation is based on the results of Job
B. Specification analysis. Job analysis results in two sets of data – Job
C. Analysis description and job specification. The job description &
D. Description specification provides the essential information on
which each job is evaluated and ranked according to
Answer: A (Design) their relative worth.

327. ‘Point Method’ is associated with __.

52 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

A. Job description Notes: Point method starts with the selection of job
B. Job specification factors, construction of degrees for each factor, and
C. Job evaluation assignment of points to each degree. This method has
D. Job performance several advantages.

Answer: C (Job evaluation) 331. Job description is a statement containing items

such as __.
328. Which among the following is not a Job A. Job title, location and duties
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Evaluation method? B. Machine, tools and equipment
A. Factor comparison method C. Materials, working conditions and hazards
B. Point Method D. All the above
C. Ranking method
D. Assessment method Answer: D (All the above)

Answer: D (Assessment method) 332. Which one of the following statements is

correct?
Notes: Job evaluation methods are of two categories: A. Job analysis leads to Job description
B. Job description leads to Job analysis
(i) Analytical method – which includes (a) Point
C. Job analysis and Job description are the
Method, and (b) Factor Comparison Method
same
(ii) Non-analytical method – which includes (a) D. None of the above is correct
Ranking Method, and (b) Job-grading/ job-classification
Answer: A
Method

329. Ranking method of Job evaluation is best suited 333. The term ‘Job enrichment’ means __.
A. Redesigning jobs for workers
for __.
B. Assigning additional activities to workers
A. Large organizations
B. Complex organizations C. Moving workers from one job to the other
C. Small organizations D. Reforming and analyzing the job
D. None of the above Answer: A (Redesigning jobs for workers)
Answer: C (Small organizations) 334. The concept of Job Enrichment was developed
Notes: This is the simplest and most inexpensive method by __.
A. F. W. Taylor
of evaluation best suited for small organizations. The
B. Frederick Hertzberg
method has several drawbacks.
C. Douglas McGregor
330. Point method of Job evaluation is suitable for D. Robert R. Blake
__.
Answer: B (Frederick Hertzberg)
A. Small size organization
B. Mid size organization Notes: Job enrichment is a term developed by Frederick
C. Large organization Hertzberg and used often for the process of achieving
D. Both B and C and improving the "quality of work life". Herzberg
Answer: D (Both B and C) describes job enrichment as that type of improvement
in the context of the job which may give a worker
more of a challenge, more of a complete task, more

53 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

responsibility, more opportunity for growth, and 338. Which among the following are not the
more chance to contribute his or her ideas. characteristics of Job Enrichment as identified by
Frederick Hertzberg?
335. The practice of giving employees a high degree a) Direct Feedback
of control over their work is often considered as b) Control Over Resources
__. c) Personal Accountability
A. Job Engineering d) New Learning
B. Job Enlargement
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A. a, and c are correct
C. Job Enrichment B. b, and c are correct
D. Job Rotation C. c, and d are correct
D. a, b, c, and d are correct
Answer: C (Job Enrichment)

Notes: Job Enrichment is the additions of tasks to a job Answer: D

that increase the amount of employee control or Notes: According to Hertzberg, an enriched job has eight
responsibility. It is a vertical expansion of the job characteristics: (i) Direct Feedback (ii) Client
intended to motivate employees by giving them the Relationship (iii) New Learning (iv) Scheduling of Own
opportunity to use the range of their abilities. It is an Work (v) Unique Experience (vi) Control Over
idea that was developed by the American Resources (vii) Direct Communication Authority (viii)
psychologist Frederick Hertzberg in the 1950s. Personal Accountability
336. ‘Job enrichment’ is a way to __. 339. The practice of moving employees from job to
A. Motivate employees job to add variety & reduce boredom is called __.
B. Compensate employees A. Job Simplification
C. Staffing new employees B. Job Enlargement
D. All the above C. Job Enrichment
D. Job Rotation
Answer: A (Motivate employees)

337. According to Hertzberg, the practice of adding Answer: D (Job Rotation)

more motivators to a job to make it more Notes: Job rotation refers to moving employees from job
rewarding is called __. to job to add variety and reduce boredom or monotony
A. Job Simplification by allowing them to perform a variety of tasks. When an
B. Job Enlargement activity is no longer challenging, the employee would be
C. Job Enrichment moved to another job at the same level that has similar
D. Job Rotation skill requirements. Job rotation is horizontal or lateral
transfer that reduces boredom and disinterest through
Answer: C (Job Enrichment)
diversifying the employee’s activities. According to
Notes: The concept of Job Enrichment is developed by Herzberg, Job rotation is merely ‘substituting one zero
Frederick Hertzberg. According to him, Job Enrichment for another zero’.
involves adding more motivators to a job to make it
more rewarding. Job becomes enriched when it gives 340. The term ‘job enlargement’ means __.
job-holder more decision-making, planning and A. Redesigning jobs for workers
controlling powers. B. Assigning additional activities for workers
C. Moving workers from one job to the other
D. None of the above

54 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

Answer: B (Assigning additional activities for C. H. Smith

workers) D. D. A. Wren

341. Which among the following refers to the Answer: A (Michael Porter)
expansion of number of different tasks performed
by an employee in a single job? 344. The concept of ‘Value Chain’ was developed by
A. Job Simplification ___.
B. Job Enlargement A. Michael Porter
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C. Job Enrichment B. F.W. Taylor
D. Job Rotation C. H. Smith
D. D. A. Wren
Answer: B (Job Enlargement)
Answer: A (Michael Porter)
Notes: Job enlargement refers to the expansion of the
number of different tasks performed by an employee in a Notes: The concept of Value Chain was developed
single job. Job enlargement attempts to add somewhat around 1985 by Michael Porter and subsequently
similar tasks to the existing job so that it has more popularized by his book “Competitive Advantage”.
variety and be more interesting. Frederick Herzbert was Porter’s Value Chain in essence defines ways in which
right when he said that job enlargement is simply an organization unit could uniquely manage its business
‘adding zero to zero’ meaning that one set of boring processes to gain competitive advantage.
tasks (zero) is simply added to another set of boring 345. Which of the following are related with Library
tasks (zero). Stack Maintenance:
342. Select the correct combinations: a) Dual Order
a) Job enlargement – Increasing the scope of b) Broken order
job quantitatively by adding up more tasks c) Parallel arrangement
b) Job enrichment – Improvement in the d) Shelf list
quality of job such that employees are more
satisfied and fulfilled A. a, and c are correct
c) Job rotation - to moving employees from job B. b, and c are correct
to job to add variety and reduce boredom or C. c, and d are correct
monotony D. b, c, and d are correct
d) Job Reengineering - redesigning jobs based Answer: D
on feedback to make them suitable to
employees Notes: Broken Order Arrangement and Parallel
A. a, b, and c are correct Arrangement are types of shelving arrangement in the
B. b, and c are correct library.
C. c, and d are correct
D. a, b, c, and d are correct 346. The replacement of book in the proper places of
shelves at regular intervals is called __.
Answer: D A. Reference service
B. Shelf rectification
343. Who developed the concept of Business Process C. Separation of rare books
Management (BPM)? D. Information service
A. Michael Porter
B. F.W. Taylor Answer: B (Shelf rectification)

55 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

Notes: Books misplaced on the shelves by readers are B. b and c only

restored. This work is referred to as Shelf rectification. C. b and d only
D. c and d only
347. All part and pages of a volume are correctly
sequenced in the first in the first stage of binding Answer: D
process is known as:
A. Sewing Notes: ISO-9001, the TQM standard, is based on 8 Total
B. Guard Quality Management Principles: (i) Customer Focus (ii)
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C. Pulling Leadership (iii) Improvement of People (iv) Process
D. Collation Approach (v) System Approach to management (vi)
Continuous Improvement (vii) Factual approach to
Answer: D (Collation) decision making (viii) Mutually beneficial supplier
relationships
348. Which among the following are the management
theories related to motivation? 351. The acronym PODSCORB was coined by:
a) Maslow Theory of Needs A. Peter Drucker
b) Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory B. Luther Gullick
c) McGregor Theory of X and Y C. F. W. Taylor
d) Fayol Theory D. Jo Bryson

A. a, b, and c are correct Answer: B (Luther Gullick)

B. b, and c are correct
C. c, and d are correct Notes: The term, POSDCORB is an acronym of
D. a, b, c, and d are correct Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Coordinating,
Reporting and Budgeting which was first appeared in a
Answer: A paper ‘Notes on the Theory of Organization’ written by
Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick in 1937. However,
349. Which of the following are the techniques of the concept was first presented by Luther Gullick in
Total Quality Management (TQM)? 1935.
a) Quality circles
b) Empowerment 352. According to Henri Fayol, management process
c) Bureaucratic setup covers all except ___.
d) Participative management A. Organizing
B. Commanding
A. a, b, and c are correct C. Ordinating
B. b, and c are correct D. Controlling
C. c, and d are correct
D. a, b, and d are correct Answer: C (Ordinating)

Answer: D Notes: Henry Fayol is considered the father of modern

theory of general and industrial management. Henry
350. Which of the following are principles of TQM? Fayol’s ‘General and Industrial Management’ (1916) is
a) Stress on quantitative transactions only one of the foundation works on modern management in
b) Non-adaptable changes which he first defines the functions of management.
c) Customer focus They are Planning, Organizing, Commanding,
d) Continuous Improvement Coordinating, and controlling.
A. a and b only
56 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

353. The process of determining the best course of d) Management by Objectives

action to achieve the given goals is called:
A. Organizing A. a, and c are correct
B. Planning B. b, and c are correct
C. Controlling C. c, and d are correct
D. Coordinating D. a, and d are correct

Answer: B (Planning) Answer: A

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Notes: Planning is the foundation for all managerial 357. Select the correct combinations:
functions. According to Henri Fayol, planning is the a) Elton Mayo – Human Relations School
most crucial of all the five functions of management, b) Henry Fayol – Classical Style of
which requires an active participation of the entire Management
organization. c) Abraham Maslow – Behavioural School
d) F. W. Taylor – Scientific School
354. Arrange in sequence the steps involved in
Browne Charging Procedure: A. a, b, and c are correct
a) Stamping the date slip B. b, and c are correct
b) Identification of borrower C. c, and d are correct
c) Slipping the book card in reader’s ticket D. a, b, c, and d are correct
d) Arrange cards in juxta position
Answer: D
A. (a), (b), (c) and (d)
B. (b), (c), (a), and (d) 358. Who advocated the seven basic statistical tools
C. (c), (d), (a) and (b) for quality control?
D. (d), (a), (b) and (c) A. Joseph Juran
B. Philip Crosby
Answer: B C. Kaoru Ishikawa
D. C. A. Cutter
355. Select the correct combinations:
a) Day book system – Note down transactions Answer: C (Kaoru Ishikawa)
b) Ledger system – One page per borrower
c) One card – Each per book 359. Select the correct combinations:
d) Two card system – Browne system a. Market segmentation – Category of users
b. Consumer analysis – User behavior
A. a, and c are correct c. Market positioning – Prioritizing users
B. b, and c are correct d. Market program – Marketing mix
C. c, and d are correct
D. a, b, c, and d are correct A. a, b, and c are correct
B. b, and c are correct
Answer: D C. c, and d are correct
D. a, b, c, and d are correct
356. Which of the following concept are related to
each other? Answer: D
a) Unity of command
b) Factor of planning 360. Select the correct combinations:
c) Espirit de crops
57 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

a. Standing order – For serial publications till C. Selection, procurement and technical
cancellation processing
b. Blanket order – For supply of institutional D. Selection, Procurement and Accessioning
publications as and when published
c. Firm order – Routine publications on order Answer: D (Selection, Procurement and Accessioning)
d. Approval order – For publications on
362. Which of the following are not Change
recommendation
Management Models?
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a. Kurt Lewin’s Model
A. a, b, and c are correct b. Beer’s Model
B. b, and c are correct c. Lasswell’s Model
C. c, and d are correct
d. Epidemic Model
D. a, b, c, and d are correct

Answer: D A. a, b, and c are correct

B. b, and c are correct
Notes: Blanket orders are the library making a C. c, and d are correct
commitment to purchase all of something. For example, D. a, and d are correct
a library makes a contract with a certain publisher or
vendor and will purchase everything that this publisher Answer: C
or vendor has available in regards to a topic. A benefit to
363. Select the correct combinations:
this style of ordering is an automatic acquisition of a. Maurice B. Line – Academic Library
materials for a particular field, which can be especially Management
beneficial to specialized or academic libraries.
b. David Baker – Resource Management in
Approval orders – In this kind of ordering, vendor or Academic Libraries
publisher sent books on some topics for approval and c. Peter Brophy – The Academic Libraries
selection. Library is free to return anything it does not d. K.D. Metcalf – Planning Academic and
wish to add to its collections. The benefit of this kind of Research Library Building
ordering is that acquisition department can make better
decision by looking into the contents of the books. A. a, b, and c are correct
B. b, and c are correct
Firm Orders - Orders that are determined by name C. c, and d are correct
specifically. For example, a specific book, textbook, or D. a, b, c, and d are correct
journal that the library wants.
Answer: D
Standing Orders – Open orders for all titles that fit a
particular category or subject. For example, these are Notes: Planning Academic and Research Library
usually developed for serial publications and the library Building (K.D. Metcalf, 1965); Academic Library
knows that it will want anything published in that Management (Maurice B. Line, 1990); Resource
particular series. Management in Academic Libraries (David Baker, 1997)

361. Acquisition work of the document comprised of 364. When a library is planning for a new building
__. project, which of the following technique|(s) is/are
A. Selection and procurement applicable to the plan and control the complex,
B. Selection and accessioning long-term project?
a) PERT
b) TQM
58 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

c) CPM the framework of major objectives, mission and

d) MBO policy refers to __.
A. Functional control
A. a, and c are correct B. Functional Classification
B. b, and c are correct C. Functional Approach
C. c, and d are correct D. Functional Authority
D. b, and d are correct
Answer: C (Functional Approach)
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Answer: A
369. Select the correct combinations:
365. ‘To coordinate the activities of an organization a) Transaction Processing – Clerical staff
and direct them towards previously established b) Operation Control – Lower Level
objectives’, is the purpose of __. Managers
A. Motivation c) Management Control – Middle Level
B. Directing Managers
C. Planning d) Strategic Planning – Top Level
D. Shifting Managers

Answer: C (Planning) A. a, b, and c are correct

B. b, and c are correct
366. Select the correct combinations:
a) Information should be as accurate as C. c, and d are correct
possible – McColvin D. a, b, c, and d are correct
b) Get the best title on any subject but add Answer: D
mediocre that are well read – Drury
c) Know the community’s character and 370. Select the correct combinations:
interest – Haines a) Budget prepared using previous period
d) Consider the duration as well as intensity of budget – Incremental Budget
the demand – Broadus b) Budget based on norms and standards –
A. a, b, and c are correct Formula Budget
B. b, and c are correct c) Budget planned integrating number of
C. c, and d are correct techniques – Planning Programming
D. a, b, c, and d are correct Budgeting System
d) Budget prepared identifying current tasks
Answer: D independent of previous year – Zero-based
budget
367. Work study, standardized tools, selecting and
training of workers are the contributions of ___.
A. Louis Brandeis A. a, b, and c are correct
B. F. W. Taylor B. b, and c are correct
C. Henry Fayol C. c, and d are correct
D. a, b, c, and d are correct
D. Lyndall Urwick

Answer: B (F.W. Taylor) Answer: D

371. Arrange the following steps of digital

368. The process of planning, allocating, organizing
and evaluation library tasks and activities within preservation in their sequential order:

59 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

a) Refreshing D. a, b, c, and d are correct

b) Encapsulation
c) Emulation Answer: A
d) Data archiving 374. The concept of ‘Microphotography’ was
developed by ___.
A. (a), (c), (b) and (d) A. Johan Gutenberg
B. (c), (a), (d), and (b) B. Chester Carlson
C. John Benjamin Dancer
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C. (c), (d), (a) and (b)
D. (d), (a), (b) and (c) D. Ohi Battre

Answer: A Answer: C (John Benjamin Dancer)

Notes: Refreshing is to copy digital information from Notes: Microphotographs are photographs shrunk to
one long-term storage medium to another of the same microscopic scale. Microphotography is the art of
making such images. John Benjamin Dancer was one of
type, with no change whatsoever in the bitstream.
the first to produce microphotographs, in 1839.
Emulation is the replicating of functionality of an
375. Inference Engine is a part of ___.
obsolete system. Emulation does not focus on the digital
A. Management Information System
object, but on the hard- and software environment in
B. Decision Support System
which the object is rendered. It aims at (re)creating the
C. Expert System
environment in which the digital object was originally
D. Technology Management System
created.
Answer: C (Expert System)
372. Identify from the following the Silver Halide
process used in reprography: 376. Scaler chain in the context of Library
a) Exposure management-deals with ___.
b) Miniature A. Authority structure
c) Developing B. Scale of performance of staff
d) Rinsing C. Chain for locating rocks
A. a, b, and c are correct D. A link in the chain procedure
B. b, and c are correct
C. a, c, and d are correct Answer: A (Authority structure)
D. a, b, c, and d are correct
Notes: Scalar chain implies authority relationships from
Answer: C the top to the lowest rank of organization. Authority
relationships are scalar when subordinates report to their
373. What are the copying methods based on Silver immediate superiors. In short, the chain of command that
halide processes: runs from the top of an organization to its lowest ranks -
a) Photostat is called scalar chain of command.
b) Microfilm
c) Electrography 377. The principle of scalar chain represents which
d) Mimeography hierarchical order of the staff?
A. Top to bottom order of staff
A. a, and b are correct B. Left to right order of staff
B. b, and c are correct C. Right to left order of staff
C. a, c, and d are correct D. Bottom to top order of staff

60 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

Answer: A (Top to bottom of staff) B. b, and c are correct

C. b, c, and d are correct
378. Who among the following was associated with D. a, b, c, and d are correct
the ‘Carrot and Stick Theory’ of Motivation?
A. Jeremy Bentham Answer: C
B. F. W. Taylor
C. Joseph Juran 381. The 3 Cards system is mainly used in
D. Philip Crosby libraries for which of the following?
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A. Serial Selection
Answer: A (Jeremy Bentham) B. Acquisition and control of serials
Notes: The Carrot and Stick approach of motivation is C. Book selection
based on the principles of reinforcement and is given by D. Circulation of books
a philosopher Jeremy Bentham, during the industrial
revolution. The carrot is a reward for moving while
Answer: B (Acquisition and control of serials)
the stick is the punishment for not moving and hence 382. GOC stands for ___.
making him move forcefully. Thus, an individual is A. Government Office Committee
given carrot i.e. reward when he performs efficiently and B. Goods Order Committee
is jabbed with a stick or is given a punishment in case of C. Good Office Committee
non-performance. D. Government Order Committee
379. Identify the correct elements of 'AIDA' model in Answer: C (Good Office Committee)
Marketing Communication.
A. Attraction, Investigation, Direction and 383. Good Office Committee deals with __.
Action A. Goods to be purchased by library
B. Attention, Intuition, Desire, Acquisition B. Government publications
C. Attention, Interest, Desire, Action C. Library Authority
D. Abstract, Institution, Diversity, Action D. Conversion rate for foreign publications

Answer: C Answer: D (Conversion rate for foreign publications)

Notes: AIDA is an acronym that stands for Attention or 384. Book Selection Committee in the libraries is an
Awareness, Interest, Desire and Action. The AIDA example of __.
model is widely used in marketing and advertising to A. Statutory Committee
describe the steps or stages that occur from the time B. Standing Committee
when a consumer first becomes aware of a product or C. Management
brand through to when the consumer trials a product or D. Adhoc Committee
makes a purchase decision.
Answer: B (Standing Committee)
380. Which of the following display racks are used to
display print periodical publications? 385. The standard size of the Accession Register is
a) Kardex __.
b) Step type A. 16 " x 13"
c) Pigeon hole type B. 16 " x 12"
d) Inclined type C. 14 " x 13"
D. 14 " x 11"
A. a, b, and c are correct
61 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

Answer: A (16 " x 13") b) Unity of direction – One boss, one plan
c) Esprit de corps – Strength in unity
386. The arrangement of books and other reading d) Division of work – Specialization
materials on the library shelves is carried out by
__. A. a, b, and c are correct
A. Cataloguing section B. b, and c are correct
B. Circulation section C. b, c, and d are correct
C. Periodical section
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D. a, b, c, and d are correct
D. Maintenance section
Answer: D
Answer: D (Maintenance Section)
391. What are the following methods commonly used
387. Collection development is the function of __. for periodicals record and maintenance in the
A. Reference section libraries:
B. Technical section a) Ledger System
C. Acquisition section b) Card System
D. Circulation section c) Three Card System
Answer: C (Acquisition section) d) KARDEX System

388. Which of the following guides are used in A. a, b, and c are correct
maintenance section of the library? B. b, and c are correct
a) Gangway guides C. b, c, and d are correct
b) Shelf guides D. a, b, c, and d are correct
c) Tier guides
d) User guides Answer: D

392. Name the various cards used in Three Card

A. a, b, and c are correct System for recording periodicals in the library:
B. b, and c are correct A. Register Card
C. a, c, and d are correct B. Check Card
D. a, b, c, and d are correct C. Classified Index Card
D. All the above
Answer: A

389. A skillful method of providing means, Answer: D

mechanism and structural elements to streamline Notes: The Three Card System is a method introduced
organizational work is known as: by S. R. Ranganathan. In this system three different
A. Role Analysis cards of the size 5" X 3" are maintained for each
B. Strategic Planning periodical. They are called the Register Card, the Check
C. Work Culture Card, and the Classified Index Card.
D. Autonomous Planning
393. KARDEX is used for __.
Answer: B (Strategic Planning) A. Maintenance of periodicals
B. Maintenance of books
390. Select the correct combinations:
a) Unity of command – Orders from only one C. Maintenance of Pamphlets
person D. All the above

62 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

Answer: A (Maintenance of Periodicals) D. S. R. Ranganathan

Notes: This KARDEX system (otherwise known as Answer: B (W. C. Sayers)

Horizontal Card Index) was introduced by the
Remington Rand of India, Ltd. It is a type of visible 397. Drury Principles are related with which of the
record system maintained in a steel filing cabinet. Each following?
unit cabinet contains seven trays in all providing 504 A. Cataloguing
card holders. Each card holder can hold two cards, a B. Classification
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Bottom Card and a Top Card. A Bottom Card is C. Personnel Management
prepared for every journal when ordered, with its title D. Book Selection
and other particulars typed or written on the lower
Answer: D (Book Selection)
portion of the card. The Top Card is placed opposite the
Bottom Card in the next Card Holder so that both cards Notes: Drury principles states ‘to provide right book to
become visible side by side. It is the Top Card that the right user at the right time’. According to this
serves the purpose of keeping record of payments principle given by Francis K. W. Drury (Book Selection,
made to the suppliers while the Bottom Card helps to Chicago: ALA, 1930) the READER is in the central
watch out for the receipt and non-receipt of theme. The selector should know the users and their
periodicals. requirements. He should select only that material which
caters to the informational, educational and recreational
394. Bringing two thematically related but
needs of the users.
classificatory separated books together is called:
A. Classified Arrangement 398. Who stated ‘the best reading for the largest
B. Block Arrangement number at the least cost’?
C. Broken Order Arrangement A. Francis Drury
D. Arrangement by Access Number B. Melvil Dewey
C. L. R. McColvin
Answer: C (Broken Order Arrangement) D. S. R. Ranganathan
395. Collection Development principles are given by: Answer: B (Melvil Dewey)
a) C. A. Cutter
b) Melvil Dewey Notes: Melvil Dewey’s principle of book selection states
c) S. R. Ranganathan ‘the best reading for the largest number at the least cost’.
d) B. S. Kesavan According to this principle, a library should select within
the financial resources available, the best documents
A. a, and b are correct which may satisfy the information needs of the
B. b, and c are correct maximum number of readers.
C. c, and d are correct
D. a, and d are correct 399. ‘Demand Theory of Book Selection’ was
propounded by __.
Answer: B A. C. A. Cutter
B. Melvil Dewey
396. Who among the following have not contributed C. L. R. McColvin
in the theory of book selection? D. S. R. Ranganathan
A. Francis Drury
B. W. C. B. Sayers Answer: C (L. R. McColvin)
C. L. R. McColvin

63 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

Notes: According to L.R. McColvin (Theory of Book B. Robert House

Selection, 1925), books in themselves are nothing. They C. Ludwig von Bertalanffy
have no meaning until they are made serviceable by D. Philip A. Kuhn
demand. So he gives much stress on demand and gives
stress on the selection of only those documents which Answer: C (Ludwig Von Bertalanffy)
are demanded by the users for their information needs. Notes: The System theory focuses on understanding the
400. ‘Living with Book: The Art of Book Selection’ organization as an open system that transforms inputs
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is written by __. into outputs. This theory is based on the work of a
A. H. E. Haines biologist, Ludwig von Bertalanffy, who believed that a
B. Melvil Dewey general systems model could be used to unite science.
C. McColvin This theory was first proposed by Bertalanffy in 1928.
D. Ranganathan 404. “A system is a set of entities – men, machines
Answer: A (H. E. Haines) and material” defined by:
A. Krishan Kumar
Notes: The first edition of ‘Living with Books: the Art B. P. N. Kaula
of Book Selection’ by Helen E. Haines appeared in C. G. J. Narayana
1935. It was one of the first true textbooks aimed at D. None of the above
training librarians in the art of book selection. The 2nd
edition came out in 1950. Answer: C (G. J. Narayana)

401. ‘Library Book Selection’ by S. R. Ranganathan 405. Concept of ‘Information feedback’ is found in
first published in __. ___.
A. 1938 A. PERT
B. 1945 B. Work analysis
C. 1948 C. System approach
D. 1952 D. Job analysis

Answer: D (1952) Answer: C (System Approach)

Notes: The first edition of ‘Library Book Selection’ by 406. ‘Time and cost’ factors are included in __.
Dr. S. R. Ranganathan appeared in 1952. The book A. System approach
describes how the first three laws of library science are B. PERT
also helpful in formulating the principles of selection of C. Gantt Chart
the documents for libraries. D. Work analysis

402. Managerial Communication takes place: Answer: B (PERT)

A. From person to person
Notes: Program Evaluation and Review Technique
B. From person to group (PERT) is a scheduling method originally designed to
C. Both A and B are correct plan a manufacturing project by employing a network of
D. Both A and B are false interrelated activities, coordinating optimum cost and
Answer: C time criteria. PERT emphasizes the relationship
between the time each activity takes, the costs associated
403. Who developed ‘General Systems Theory’? with each phase, and the resulting time and cost for the
A. Fred Fiedler anticipated completion of the entire project.

64 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

407. ISO/TR 11219: 2012 is related to __. Answer: C (6)

A. Library building
B. Library furniture Notes: An average library rack of 145 cm height has six
C. TQM in Libraries shelves for books or five shelves for bound volumes of
D. None of the above periodicals. Recommended shelf depth is 25 cm (single
sided) or 50 cm (double sided).
Answer: A (Library Building)
411. Which of the following principles are associated
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Notes: ISO/TR 11219: 2012 is specifies data for the with library building planning?
planning of library buildings. It is applicable to all types a) Principle of Uniformity
of libraries in all countries but especially to academic b) Principle of Comfortability
and public libraries. An average library rack of 145 cm c) Principle of Simplicity
height has six shelves for books or five shelves for d) Principle of Continuity
bound volumes of periodicals. Recommended shelf
depth is 25 cm (single sided) or 50 cm (double sided). A. a, b, and c are correct
B. b, and c are correct
408. What is the meaning of Modular form of Library C. a, c, and d are correct
building? D. b, c, and d are correct
A. One hall is constructed at every story
B. The building is in the form of model Answer: D
C. The building has circular rooms
D. The area of the rooms may be increased or 412. Identify the odd one out:
decreased A. ANSI
B. BIS
Answer: D (The area of the rooms may be increased C. BSI
or decreased) D. ESPN

409. A book shelf of 85 cm can normally contain __. Answer: D (ESPN)

A. 20 books
B. 25 books Notes: The American National Standards Institute
C. 30 books (ANSI) is a private non-profit organization founded in
D. 35 books 1918 and headquartered in New York that oversees the
development of voluntary consensus standards for
Answer: B (25 books) products, services, processes, systems, and personnel
in the United States.
Notes: Normally a book shelf of average 85 cm of width
can hold 25 books, or 15 bound volumes of periodicals. British Standards Institution (BIS), is the national
Normally shelves are not packed more than 75 per cent standards body of the United Kingdom established in
of the capability. 1901. BSI produces technical standards on a wide range
of products and services and also supplies certification
410. An average library rack of 145 cm height has and standards-related services to businesses in the
how many shelves for books? United Kingdom.
A. 4
B. 5 413. The premier institution for providing standards
C. 6 in India is __.
D. 7 A. Institute of Indian Standards
B. University Grants Commission
65 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

C. Indian Standards Information Centre D. (d), (a), (b) and (c)

D. Bureau of Indian Standards
Answer: A
Answer: D (Bureau of Indian Standards)
Notes: Amrit Tiwana, Professor at Goizueta Business
Notes: Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is the School, Atlanta, proposed a general Knowledge
national Standards Body of India working under the Management System (KMS) architecture in his book
aegis of Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public ‘The Knowledge Management Toolkit: Practical
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Distribution, Government of India. It is established by Techniques for Building a Knowledge Management
the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 which came System’ published in 2000. He pointed out that the KMS
into effect on 23 December 1986. The organisation was should comprise four major basic elements: repository,
formerly the Indian Standards Institution (ISI) collaborative platform, network, and culture. Tiwana
established on 3 September 1946. also proposed seven-layer KMS architecture which is
the integration of these four components and their
414. IS – 1553 Standard is related to ___. supportive information technologies: These seven layers
A. Library Furniture are a reflection of OSI Model: (i) Interface Layer (ii)
B. Library Building Access & Authentication Layer (iii) Collaborative,
C. Library Lighting Intelligence and Filtering (iv) Application Layer (v)
D. Water Supply, drainage and Sanitation in Transport Layer (vi) Middleware and Legacy Integration
Library Layer, and (vii) Repository
Answer: B (Library Building) 416. What are the services proposed by Alton Chua
Notes: Indian Standards Institute (Now Bureau of Indian under the three-tiered KMS architecture?
Standard) appointed Dr. S. R. Ranganathan as the a) Infrastructure services
Chairman of its first Documentation Sectional b) Knowledge services
Committee. The committee finalized its draft for c) Presentation services
Standards regarding Buildings, Furniture’s and Fittings d) Network services
and as a result IS:1553 Code of practice relating to
primary elements in the design of library building came A. a, b, and c are correct
into existence in 1960. Since then, some more standards B. b, and c are correct
were developed such as: IS: 2672 (Standards for Library C. b, c, and d are correct
Lighting, 1966); IS:1829 (Standards for Library D. a, b, c, and d are correct
Furniture’s and Fittings in two parts, 1977-1978); IS: Answer: A
1172 (Requirements for Water Supply, Drainage and
Sanitation, 1971). Notes: Alton Yeow-Kuan Chua, in his paper
‘Knowledge management system architecture: A bridge
415. Arrange the following layers of Tiwana’s KMS between KM consultants and technologists’, appeared in
architecture in order: 2004 proposed the three-tiered KMS architecture
a) Interface layer composed of three services i.e. infrastructure
b) Application layer services, knowledge services, and presentation
c) Access and Authentication layer services. These services aim at supporting knowledge
d) Collaborative, intelligence and Filtering processes and communication in the organization. This
A. (a), (c), (d) and (b) system emphasizes technologies that help creating,
B. (c), (a), (d), and (b) sharing, and storing knowledge.
C. (c), (d), (a) and (b)

66 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

417. Knowledge Management System’s model Notes: The Library of Congress was destroyed during
proposed by Meso and Smith comprised of three the War of 1812 when British forces set fire to the US
components: Capital during the Burning of Washington.
a) Technology
b) Function 420. Which of the following is not an element in
c) Knowledge disaster plan?
d) Infrastructure A. Risk Assessment
B. Recovery
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A. a, b, and c are correct
B. b, and c are correct C. Response
C. b, c, and d are correct D. All the above
D. a, b, c, and d are correct Answer: D
Answer: A Notes: The following can be incorporated as the
Notes: A technical KMS model was proposed by Peter elements of disaster planning: (i) Risk Assessment (ii)
Meso and Robert Smith in their paper ‘A Resources- Prevention (iii) Preparedness (iv) Response (v) Recovery
based View of organizational knowledge Management 421. The objective of disaster planning in libraries is:
Systems’ published in 2000. This model consists of three A. Protect library materials to avoid a disaster
components: technology, function and knowledge. by being pro-active
This model relies on four functions of knowledge
B. Reduce effects if a disaster happens
processes: using, finding, creating, and packaging C. Expedite response and recovery efforts in an
knowledge. These four functions are supported by organized manner
various information technologies (such as messaging,
D. All the above
web browsing, data mining, intelligent agents, etc.) that
aim to facilitate the knowledge process. Answer: D

418. The great library at Alexandra was destroyed by: 422. Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) was
A. Earthquake established in the year __.
B. Volcano Eruption A. 2000
C. Fire B. 2001
D. Flooding C. 2002
D. 2003
Answer: C (Fire)
Answer: B (2001)
Notes: The great library at Alexandra established in the
third century BC, was destroyed by fire first in 47 BC, Notes: Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) was
during the time of Julius Caesar and then in 373 AD. formed by Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) in
2001. They are continuously striving towards wider
419. The Library of Congress was destroyed during adoption of eco-friendly and green building concepts in
the war in ___. the Indian industries.
A. 1812
B. 1989 423. Select the elements of Green Library Building
C. 1966 from the following:
D. 1912 A. Site selection
B. Water conservation
Answer: A (1812) C. Building materials

67 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

D. All the above C. 1931

D. 1932
Answer: D
Answer: D (1932)
Notes: United States Green Building Council (USGBC)
developed Leadership in Energy and Environmental Notes: The first electrically operated book charging
Design (LEED) rating system in the year 2000 to help system ‘Gaylord Electric Automatic Book Charger’ was
building owners and operators to be environmentally introduced in 1932.
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responsible and to use resources efficiently. LEED and
IGBC have developed 5 essential elements for Green 427. Select the correct combinations:
Library Building: (i) Site selection (ii) Water a) Max Weber – Theory of Bureaucracy
conservation (iii) Energy Conservation (iv) Building b) Elton Mayo – Human Relations
materials, and (v) Indoor Air Quality c) F. W. Taylor – Scientific Management
d) Henri Fayol – Administrative Management
424. Match the Green Building Certification levels as A. a, b, and c are correct
defined by LEED (Leadership in Energy and B. b, and c are correct
Environmental Design)? C. b, c, and d are correct
a) Certified – 40-49 points D. a, b, c, and d are correct
b) Silver – 50-59 points
c) Gold – 60-79 points Answer: D
d) Platinum – 80+ points
Notes: Max Weber – Theory of Bureaucracy; Elton
Mayo – Human Relations; F. W. Taylor – Scientific
A. a, b, and c are correct Management; Henri Fayol – Administrative
B. b, and c are correct Management
C. b, c, and d are correct
D. a, b, c, and d are correct 428. Select the correct combinations:

Answer: D a) MBO – Peter Drucker

b) PEST – Francis Aguilar
425. ‘Information Commons’ is located at __. c) CPM – Kelley and Walker
A. Oxford University d) SWOT – Albert Humphrey
B. University of Sheffield
C. Lund University A. a, b, and c are correct
D. Stanford University B. b, and c are correct
C. b, c, and d are correct
Answer: B (University of Sheffield) D. a, b, c, and d are correct
Notes: The Information Commons is a library and Answer: D
computing building in Sheffield, England, and is part of
the University of Sheffield. It was officially opened on Notes: Critical Path Method (CPM) - Morgan R. Walker
26 September 2007 by Harsh Srivastav, a graduate and James E. Kelley; MBO - Peter Drucker; SWOT
student of the University. analysis - Albert Humphrey; PEST analysis (political,
economic, socio-cultural and technological) - Francis
426. When did electrically operated book charging Aguilar
system introduced first?
A. 1926
B. 1905
68 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

429. When a librarian has to show the rationale for

the purchase of more e-resources, which of the
following/s will help to support his/her stand?
a) Collection Development Policy
b) Indent from users
c) Book selection tools
d) All the above
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A. a, b and d are correct
B. a, b and c are correct
C. b, c and d are correct
D. a, and b are correct

Answer: D

430. Identify the popular modes of staff development

practiced in libraries:
a) Planned rotation
b) Deputing staff to conferences and seminars
c) Sponsoring for refresher courses
d) Making them members of other libraries

A. a, b, and c are correct

B. c, b and d are correct
C. a, c, and b are correct
D. c, a and b are correct

Answer: A

431. Why Staff manual is needed in the libraries?

A. To present the staff with work culture
B. To analyze various posts in the libraries
C. To acquaint with objectives, duties and
responsibilities of the staff
D. To acquaint with salaries of the staff

Answer: C

69 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

1. Assertion (A): Implementation of TQM in B. (A) is false, but (R) is true

libraries is quite challenging C. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the
Reason (R): Some of the key essentials, like correct explanation
open and cooperative culture and employees D. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not
responsiveness for customer’s satisfaction, the correct explanation
required for successful implementation of TQM,
are very much noticed in a library Answer: D
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A. (A) is true, but (R) is false 5. Assertion (A): Application of six sigma in
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true library management is a quality programme that
C. Both (A) and (R) are true improves customers' experience and lowers
D. Both (A) and (R) are false
costs.
Answer: A Reason (R): Six phases of sigma are necessary
in all library operations.
2. Assertion (A): Management is the efficiency in
climbing the ladder of success. A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
Reason (R): Leadership determines whether the B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
ladder is leaning towards right wall. C. Both (A) and (R) are true
D. Both (A) and (R) are false
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true Answer: A
C. Both (A) and (R) are true 6. Assertion (A): A library needs to generate a
D. Both (A) and (R) are false
satisfied customer base which is supportive of
Answer: C library programmes.
Reason (R): If a library's resources and services
3. Assertion (A): Knowledge Organisation and are measured upto customer's expectations, then
Knowledge Management are the same. repeat use cannot be ensured.
Reason (R): Simple Knowledge Organisation A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
System (SKOS) is designed for Knowledge B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
Management. C. Both (A) and (R) are true
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false D. Both (A) and (R) are false
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
C. Both (A) and (R) are true Answer: A
D. Both (A) and (R) are false 7. Assertion (A): Quality is not measured by
Answer: D confirmation to specifications, but by meeting
users’ requirement.
4. Assertion (A): The word ‘Reprography’ means Reason (R): The fulfilment of users’
reproduction of graphic materials, irrespective of requirements depends upon the professional
whether they are handwritten, typed , printed attitude of the staff.
and so on.
Reason (R): Librarians need to use this A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
technology to provide multiple copies of users B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
on requisition. C. Both (A) and (R) are true
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false D. Both (A) and (R) are false

70 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

Answer: A Reason (R): System analysis identifies the flow

of work.
8. Assertion (A): Total quality in organization A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
usually depends upon the skill and competency B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
of library staff. C. Both (A) and (R) are true
Reason (R): Quality management is an D. Both (A) and (R) are false
information-based management system where
professional education alone helps the employee Answer: B
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to take decisions judiciously.
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false 12. Assertion (A): LOCKSS is a peer to peer
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true preservation system based on the existence of
C. Both (A) and (R) are true multiple low cost persistent caches of e-journals,
D. Both (A) and (R) are false contents hosted at different institutions licensed
to “own” such content.
Answer: A Reason (R): Participating institutions cooperate
through Membership in the LOCKSS Alliance
9. Assertion (A): Libraries must have a well which is a collaborative network based on the
defined collection development policy to make commercial software model.
their collection balanced, rational and user- A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
friendly. B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
Reason (R): Exponential growth of e-resources, C. Both (A) and (R) are true
their spiralling cost and decreasing budget of D. Both (A) and (R) are false
libraries have made consortium based system
imminent. Answer: A
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true 13. Assertion (A); Word of mouth is one of the
C. Both (A) and (R) are true promotion techniques which does not require
D. Both (A) and (R) are false any money to be spent if used for the promotion
of LIS products and services.
Answer: C Reason (R): Word of mouth technique is hardly
used in libraries.
10. Assertion (A): There is no difference between A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
knowledge management and information B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
management. C. Both (A) and (R) are true
Reason (R): Knowledge and information are D. Both (A) and (R) are false
sometimes used synonymously and inter
changeably. Answer: C
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true 14. Assertion (A): Marketing segmentation helps
C. Both (A) and (R) are true libraries in achieving their goals and objectives
D. Both (A) and (R) are false as it is easy to decide which type of library
service is needed by which type of user.
Answer: B Reason (R): Libraries do not do segmentation of
their users to apply marketing strategy in
11. Assertion (A): If the library is to be automated, promoting LIS products and services.
system analysis is not needed. A. (A) is true, but (R) is false

71 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

B. (A) is false, but (R) is true Reason (R) : The management do not have the
C. Both (A) and (R) are true needed direction of approach, precision of
D. Both (A) and (R) are false thoughts and their expression and empathy.
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
Answer: A B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
C. (A) is true, but (R) is partially true
15. Assertion (A): Knowledge Management is an
D. Both (A) and (R) are false
extension of conventional library management.
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Reason (R): Knowledge Management deals Answer: C
with elements like content, technology and
culture. 19. Assertion (A) : Micrographic services have lost
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false acceptance for preservation and dissemination of
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true archival material.
C. Both (A) and (R) are true Reason (R): ICT has brought in cost effective
D. Both (A) and (R) are false alternatives and replaced micrographic services.
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
Answer: B B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
16. Assertion (A): Traditional Management C. (A) is true, but (R) is partially true
D. Both (A) and (R) are false
process differs from the ‘Quality Management’.
Reason (R): ‘Quality Management’ focuses on Answer: C
‘customer’ in the management process.
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false 20. Assertion (A) : The effective reprographic
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true service in libraries indirectly demotivates the
C. Both (A) and (R) are true user for tearing/theft of reading material
D. Both (A) and (R) are false Reason (R) : the user gets the photocopy of
reading materials free of cost.
Answer: C A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
17. Assertion (A) : Performance Based Budgeting B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
demands that the objectives and goals of agency C. Both (A) and (R) are true
be clear and performance measures and target to D. Both (A) and (R) are false
put in place. Answer: A
Reason (R) : The key to success firmly rely
upon its clear sense of mission and objectives 21. Assertion (A) : Book selection should be done
which the funding agencies have proposed to judiciously.
reach them. Reason (R) : A library should acquire important
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false and latest book selection tools.
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
C. Both (A) and (R) are true B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
D. Both (A) and (R) are false C. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not
the correct explanation
Answer: C D. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the
correct explanation
18. Assertion (A) : Effective methods of
communicating in H.R. Management of libraries Answer: C
still remains elusive.
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 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

22. Assertion (A): TQM promotes the way in which 26. Assertion (A) : Introduction of TQM in
a library is organised and perform its ICT libraries is not possible.
functions. Reason (R) : It requires open, cooperative
Reason (R) : TQM is seen as a hindrance to culture and employees responsiveness for
library and information services. customer satisfaction.
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
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C. Both (A) and (R) are true C. Both (A) and (R) are true
D. Both (A) and (R) are false D. Both (A) and (R) are false

Answer: A Answer: B

23. Assertion (A) : Many libraries have no written 27. Assertion (A) : Marketing of Information
collection development policy and yet have products is the need of the day.
sound collection. Reason (R) : Information is a resource which
Reason (R) : Demand driven collection plays a consumes lot of time and money.
strong role in having a sound collection. A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true C. Both (A) and (R) are true
C. Both (A) and (R) are true D. Both (A) and (R) are false
D. Both (A) and (R) are false
Answer: C
Answer: C
28. Assertion (A) : Though information is
24. Assertion (A) : Browne charging system is considered as a commodity, Libraries are not
simple and less time consuming. sound in finances.
Reason (R) : There is permanent issue record Reason (R) : All types of Libraries have failed
available. in promoting information as a commodity.
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
C. Both (A) and (R) are true C. Both (A) and (R) are true
D. Both (A) and (R) are false D. Both (A) and (R) are false

Answer: A Answer: A

25. Assertion (A) : Collection of audio materials is 29. Assertion (A): Extending the library’s reach
less used in Academic Libraries. through strategic partnership, collaborative
Reason (R) : People consider these materials relationship is an important goal for any
intellectually less sound and fit only for academic library.
recreation purpose. Reason (R): Partnerships do not allow
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false participating organisations to yield efficiency.
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
C. (A) is true, but (R) is partially true A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
D. Both (A) and (R) are false B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
C. Both (A) and (R) are true
Answer: C D. Both (A) and (R) are false

73 AQUIL AHMED
 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

Answer: A Reason (R): Leadership determines whether the

ladder is leaning towards right wall.
30. Assertion (A): Implementation of TQM in A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
Libraries is quite challenging. B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
Reason (R): Some of the key essentials, like C. Both (A) and (R) are true
open and cooperative culture and employees D. Both (A) and (R) are false
responsiveness for customer’s satisfaction,
required for successful implementation of TQM, Answer: C
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Library Info
are very much noticed in a library.
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false 34. Assertion (A): Knowledge Management
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true involves a number of assets and value added to
C. Both (A) and (R) are true them.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false Reason (R): Knowledge Management is the
core activity of information transfer.
Answer: A A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
B. (A) is true, but (R) is partially true
31. Assertion (A): Interlibrary loan departments in C. Both (A) and (R) are true
libraries will be affected in positive ways by the D. (A) is partially true but (R) is true
development of Massive Digital Libraries.
Reason (R): Because the increased availability Answer: B
of online resources will considerably reduce the
need for sending books through traditional mail 35. Assertion (A): If changes cannot be adopted to
its framework, the organisational equilibrium
resulting in the decrease of the workloads of the
will be imbalanced.
inter-library loan departments. Reason (R) : Organisation works in an
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false environment which is marked by dynamic
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true characteristics.
C. Both (A) and (R) are true A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
D. Both (A) and (R) are false B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
C. Both (A) and (R) are true
Answer: C D. Both (A) and (R) are false
32. Assertion (A): Libraries contribute to capacity Answer: C
building, which is essential to community
development. 36. Assertion (A) : There is need to continuous
Reason (R): Library programmes and services evaluation and appreciation of value of libraries.
can influence a person's desire for life-long Reason (R) : There is economic pressure on
public budget.
learning, which is an important component of
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
capacity building.
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
C. Both (A) and (R) are true
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
D. Both (A) and (R) are false
C. Both (A) and (R) are true
D. Both (A) and (R) are false Answer: C

Answer: C 37. Assertion (A) : System analysis identifies the

flow of work.
33. Assertion (A): Management is the efficiency in Reason (R) : System analysis is not necessary if
climbing the ladder of success. the library is automated.
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 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

A. (A) is true, but (R) is false 41. Assertion (A) : Deacidification is a measure to
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true preserve documents in any medium
C. Both (A) and (R) are true Reason (R) : Digital preservation needs a
D. Both (A) and (R) are false different preservation care.
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
Answer: A B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
C. Both (A) and (R) are true
38. Assertion (A) : Online services incur heavy
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Library Info
investment at the initial stage. D. Both (A) and (R) are false
Reason (R) : Online services are costlier than
print services. Answer: B

42. Assertion (A): Para-professional staff supports

A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
the professional staff in Library routines.
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
Reason (R): Para-professional staffs acquire
C. Both (A) and (R) are true
skill by experience.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
Answer: A B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
C. Both (A) and (R) are true
39. Assertion (A) : Collection development must be D. Both (A) and (R) are false
done judiciously.
Reason (R) : Demand is the only governing Answer: C
factor in book selection.
43. Assertion (A): ISO 9000 is a quality framework
A. (A) is true but (R) is false
which calls for documentation to adopt TQM in
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
a Library.
C. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the
Reason (R): ISO 9000 is a valuable component
correct explanation of (A)
of TQM
D. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
the correct explanation of (A)
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
Answer: D C. Both (A) and (R) are true
D. Both (A) and (R) are false
40. Assertion (A) : Performance measurement is
necessary to support decision making in libraries Answer: C
and information centres.
44. Assertion (A) : Stock verification is essential in
Reason (R) : Right decision at a right time helps
the collection development for libraries.
libraries and information centres to achieve
Reason (R) : It is a time consuming process.
goals.
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
A. Both (A) and (R) are false
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
C. Both (A) and (R) are true
C. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the
D. Both (A) and (R) are false
correct explanation of (A)
D. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not Answer: C
the correct explanation of (A)
45. Assertion (A) : Organization chart can be a
Answer: D useful management tool.

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 Library Management: Principles & Practice Unit -VI

Reason (R) : It gives clear picture of the formal B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
lines of communication within the C. Both (A) and (R) are true
library. D. Both (A) and (R) are false
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true Answer: A
C. Both (A) and (R) are true 50. Assertion (A): Stock verification is essential in
D. Both (A) and (R) are false the collection development in Academic
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Library Info
Answer: C Libraries.
Reason (R): Stock verification is not a time
46. Assertion (A) : Now a days marketing of consuming process.
information products is necessity. A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
Reason(R) : Information is an important source. B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false C. Both (A) and (R) are true
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true D. Both (A) and (R) are false
C. Both (A) and (R) are true
D. Both (A) and (R) are false Answer: A

Answer: C

47. Assertion (A) : Book selection must be done

judiciously.
Reason(R) : Resource sharing is the need of the
day.
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
B. (A) is false, but (R) is true
C. Both (A) and (R) are true
D. Both (A) and (R) are false

Answer: C

48. Statement (A): Shelf register or shelf list shows

the position of any books on the shelves.
Statement (B): Shelf list is nothing but a stock
register.
A. (A) is true, but (B) is false
B. (A) is false, but (B) is true
C. Both (A) and (B) are true
D. Both (A) and (B) are false

Answer: C

49. Assertion (A) : TQM promotes continuous

improvement in library services.
Reason (R) : TQM is not helpful to library and
information services.
A. (A) is true, but (R) is false
76 AQUIL AHMED