Jaime A.

Laroga Jr

/SECTION CODE: H057

COURSE CODE/TITLE: MFC 303 System Analysis and Management

Day/Time/Room: Sat. 0530-0830 ONLINE

Practical Exercise 4

I. Provide your ideas on the following:

1. Define or describe each of these terms:
a. Waiting line - it deals with issue of treatment of customers in sense reduce
wait time and improvement of service. Queue management deals with cases
where the customer arrival is random; therefore, service rendered to them is
also random.
b. Queuing theory-refers to the mathematical study of the formation, function,
and congestion of waiting lines, or queues. At its core, a queuing situation
involves two parts. Someone or something that requests a service—usually
referred to as the customer, job, or request.
c. Queuing models-is a mathematical description of a queuing system which
makes some specific assumptions about the probabilistic nature of the arrival
and service processes, the number and type of servers, and the queue
discipline and organization.
d. Service facility-means buildings and structures, including fixed machinery
and equipment, used or to be used to service goods.
e. Waiting line management system-deals with understanding and modelling
queues, and with taking managerial actions to reduce waiting time for
customers. Queues and Waiting Lines. Waiting lines, also called queues, are a
universal issue in operations management as they can be observed both in
manufacturing and service settings.
2. Give at least ten(10) examples of waiting line or queues that can be used
To make management decisions.
1. Customer waiting in line to purchase a movie ticket
2. Customer waiting in line to deposit a check
3. Scheduling the patients (physicians waiting room)
4. Cars queue up for re-filling
5. Call center (Phone customer service-waiting for response)
6. A waiting for your turn in the toilet
7. Lining up to pay in the supermarkets
8. Check your balance account on Automatic Teller Machines
9. Every day we encounter waiting passengers in jeepneys /LRT/MRT/PNR
10. Jobs/products waiting in line

3. Explain the basic components of a queuing process.

 1. Input Source - The input source generates customers for the service
mechanism. The most important characteristic of the input source is its size. It
may be either finite or infinite. Please note that the calculations are far easier for
the infinite case, therefore, this assumption is often made even when the actual
size is relatively large.

2. Queu - It is characterized by the maximum permissible number of units that it

can contain. Queues may be infinite or finite.

3. Service Discipline - It refers to the order in which members of the queue are
selected for service. Frequently, the discipline is first come, first served.

4. Describe the characteristics of a queuing system.

1. Calling Population- The population of potential customers those require service from system is
called calling population. It may be finite or infinite. System having large calling population is
usually considered as infinite. For e.g. customers at banks, restaurant.
2. Arrival Process - The arrival process for infinite-population models is usually characterized in
terms of interarrival times of successive customers. Arrivals may occur at scheduled times or at
random times. When at random times, the inter arrival times are usually characterized by a
probability distribution and most important model for random arrival is the poisson process.
3. Service Process - Service process can be measured by the number of customers served per
some unit of time or the time taken to complete the service. Once entities have entered to the
system they must be served. The service can be provided in single or batch. if it is batch, as in
the case of arrival the batch size can be fixed or random.
4. Queuing Daicipline and queuing behavior - Queue discipline refers to the rule that a server
uses to choose the next customer from the queue when the server completes the service of the
current customer. Common queue disciplines include first-in-first-out (FIFO); last-in-first-out
(LIFO); service in random order (SIRO); shortest processing time first (SPT); and service
according to priority (PR).
5. Number of Servers - Servers represent the entity that provides service to the customer. A
system may consist of single server or multiple servers.
- A system with multiple servers is able to provide parallel services to the customers.

5. Explain and illustrate the principles of queuing theory.

 Queuing theory is essentially a vehicle for cost analysis. It would be prohibitively expensive,
or indicative of not having very many customers, for most businesses to operate in a manner so
that none of their customers or clients ever had to wait in line. As a simplistic example, for a
movie theater to eliminate the circumstance of people having to wait in line to purchase a movie
ticket, it would likely need to set up fifty to a hundred ticket booths. However, the theater
obviously could not afford to pay a hundred ticket sellers. The arrival here is the process where
in the customers are making their line going the queue. The queue has the rate where in the
customers are falling inline for their services. Then the servers are the cashiers for example
where in the are the processing the people in the queue so if the rate of service in the servers are
fast then the process of getting more customers done are high. Then the completed work are the
customers who are already done with the servers process.

II. Problem Solving.

1. (Problem for waiting line and queuing theory)

A University cafeteria line in the student center is a self-service
facility in which students select the food items they want and then form a
single line to pay the cashier, students arrive at the cashier at a rate of
about four (4) per minute according to a Poisson Distribution. The single
cashier ringing up sales takes about 12 seconds per customer, following an
exponential distribution.
a. What is the probability that there are more than two students in
the system ? more than three students? More than four
students?
b. What is the probability that the system is empty?
c. How long will the average student have to wait before reaching
the cashier?
d. What is the expected number of students in the queue?
e. What is the average number in the system?
f. If a second cashier is added (who works at the same pace), how
will the operating characteristics computed in parts (b), (c), (d)
and € change? Assume that customers wait in a single line and
go to the first available cashier.
2. PNB Savings Bank currently has one drive-in teller window. The arrivals follow
A Poisson probability distribution, with a mean arrival rate of 10 cars per
Hour. The service times follow an exponential probability distribution,
With a mean service rate of 12 cars per hour.
a. What is the probability that tere are no customers in the system?
b. If you were to drive up to the bank, how many cars would you expect
to see waiting and being served?
c. What is the probability that at least one car will be waiting to be
served?
d. What is the average time in the queue waiting for service?
e. As a potential customer of the system, would you be satisfied with the
above waiting line characteristics.

3. Ping Bok Barber Shop is a popular haircutting and styling salon near the campus
Of a well-known university. Four barbers work full time and spend an
Average of 15 minutes on each customer. Customers arrive all day long
At an average rate of 12 per hour. Arrivals tend to follow the Poisson
Distribution, and service times are exponentially distributed.
a. What is the probability that the shop is empty?
b. What is the average number of customers in the barber shop?
c. What is the average time spent in the shop?
d. What is the average time that a customer waits to be called to the
Barber chair?
e. What is the average number waiting to be served?
f. What is the shop’s utilization rate?
g. Ping Bok is thinking of adding a fifth barber. How will this affect
The utilization rate?
Submit a computer generated output (Font: TNR – 12) in short bond paper.
Date of submission: December 5, 2022 to this email: [email protected]