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Sohar University Faculty of Engineering Physical and Surface Chemistry CHEM2056 #Exprement 1 Chemical Equilibrium: Evaporative Equilibrium

This experiment aimed to determine the enthalpy of vaporization of water by measuring its vapor pressure at various temperatures. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation relates the temperature dependence of vapor pressure to the enthalpy of vaporization. Measurements of vapor pressure were taken as a flask of water cooled and the pressure-temperature data were plotted to determine the slope and calculate the enthalpy of vaporization. The enthalpy of vaporization for water was calculated to be 4.598 kJ/mol based on the experimental results.

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Saeed Alzeedi
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28 views6 pages

Sohar University Faculty of Engineering Physical and Surface Chemistry CHEM2056 #Exprement 1 Chemical Equilibrium: Evaporative Equilibrium

This experiment aimed to determine the enthalpy of vaporization of water by measuring its vapor pressure at various temperatures. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation relates the temperature dependence of vapor pressure to the enthalpy of vaporization. Measurements of vapor pressure were taken as a flask of water cooled and the pressure-temperature data were plotted to determine the slope and calculate the enthalpy of vaporization. The enthalpy of vaporization for water was calculated to be 4.598 kJ/mol based on the experimental results.

Uploaded by

Saeed Alzeedi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sohar University

Faculty of Engineering
Physical and surface chemistry
CHEM2056
#EXPREMENT 1
Chemical Equilibrium: Evaporative
Equilibrium

Students Name: Mzna ALzeedi.


ID:200384
Objective:
To determine the enthalpy of water vaporization,
measure the vapour pressure at various temperatures.
Introduction:
The vapour pressure is the specific pressure of a liquid's
gas phase above the liquid for each temperature. By
evaporating a portion of the liquid phase, the equilibrium
is re-established if external pressure is decreased by
drawing off the gas phase.
Theory:
The temperature dependence of the vapour pressure is
described by Clausius-Clapeyron equation:
(Equation 1):
(dp/dT) = (∆vH / T (Vg – Vl))
p = vapour pressure in Pa, ∆vH = molar enthalpy of
vaporisation Vg , Vl = molar volumes of gas form and
liquid phases which are in equilibrium T = temperature in
Kelvin.
The liquid phase can be overlooked because it has a
smaller volume than the gas phase. The general equation
of state for ideal gases provides a precise description of
the gas phase's molar volume. The outcomes of
substituting in (Equation 1) are as follows:
(Equation 2):
(dp/dT) = (∆vH / RT2 )
After reorganisation and indefinite integration, a linear
form is obtained:
(Equation 3):
n p = (-∆vH / RT) + C
To determine ∆vH, plot ln p against (1/T). The slope of
the straight compensation lines is (- ∆vH / R).
Multiplication by the negative gas constant provides the
desired enthalpy of vaporisation.
Equipment Used:
D-N Round Bottle Flask, 250 ml,Adapter ST 19/26 – GL
18 ,Vacuum Rubber Tubing, 8 mm ID ,Three-Way Valve,
Tee, Flange DN 16 KF, Hose Nip, Center Ring DN15KF
Al Per ,Clamping Ring, DN10/16KF ,Sensor – CASSY,
Extension Cable ,Temperature Box, Absolute Pressure
Sensor S 0…1500 ,Thermocouple Ni Cr – Ni ,Stand
Base, V Shape, 20 cm ,Stand Rod 75 cm, Dia 12 mm
,Universal Clamp, 0-80 mm, Leybold Multi Clamp Ring
with Stem, Diam. 130 Wire Gauze, 160 x 160 mm
,Bunsen Burner, Universal Pressurized Gas Hose, and1 m
Tubing Clamps.
Procedure:
1. Include a one-way stopper, a short straight glass
tube, and a protective sleeve for the temperature
probe in the three-neck round flask as follows:
2. Two GL 25/8 gaskets should be used in place of the
two GL 25/12 gaskets (jointings).
3. In the middle of the flask's neck, place the short
glass tube.
4. Using a short piece of silicone hose (d = 7 mm),
connect the glass tube to an adapter, and then use a
piece of thin tubing (d = 2 mm) to connect the
digital manometer's measuring (pressure) probe to
it.
5. Using a piece of rubber vacuum tubing, connect the
one-way stopcock to the safety bottle, which is
connected to the filter pump, (Assigned by the lab
instructor already) Tap water should be added to the
round flask.
6. Wait until the water from the tap is boiling at 100
degrees Celsius. Turn off the heat. Connect to inputs
A (temperature) and B (pressure).
7. Close the pressure-sensitive cap on the flask. Start
measuring at F9.
8. As the temperature drops, so does the pressure; hold
off until the collected data is at room temperature.
9. Measurement is stopped with F9.
Result and Discussion:
Y=-55.252x+7.0367
Inp= -ΔHv/R*1/T+c
-55.252=-ΔHv/0.08321

ΔHv=4.598

Conclusion:

When a reaction and its reverse reaction proceed at the


same rate, this is known as chemical equilibrium.
Forward and reverse reactions take place as the system
approaches equilibrium. Forward and reverse reactions
proceed at the same rate at equilibrium.
References:
(University, Dec 15, 2018)
(Elsevier, 2014)

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