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Cme 717 Exam Questions Solution

1) The document contains exam questions about optical fiber communications systems. It includes questions about digital optical receivers, optical amplifiers, calculating transmitter power for a given link, fiber coupling techniques, fiber properties, heterodyne receivers, and calculating system power and transmission capacity. 2) One question involves calculating the minimum transmitter power needed for a 100km optical link with given fiber and component losses. The required power is found to be 2.32mW or 3.66dBm. 3) Another question asks how many 64kbps voice messages can be transmitted on a cable with 144 fibers each operating at 2.3Gb/s. The answer is over 5.175 million messages.

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Opeyemi Osanaiye
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29 views4 pages

Cme 717 Exam Questions Solution

1) The document contains exam questions about optical fiber communications systems. It includes questions about digital optical receivers, optical amplifiers, calculating transmitter power for a given link, fiber coupling techniques, fiber properties, heterodyne receivers, and calculating system power and transmission capacity. 2) One question involves calculating the minimum transmitter power needed for a 100km optical link with given fiber and component losses. The required power is found to be 2.32mW or 3.66dBm. 3) Another question asks how many 64kbps voice messages can be transmitted on a cable with 144 fibers each operating at 2.3Gb/s. The answer is over 5.175 million messages.

Uploaded by

Opeyemi Osanaiye
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CME 717 Exam Questions (Answer any two)

1. (i) With the aid of a well labelled diagram, describe a digital optical receiver
showing its various components (5 marks)

(ii) List and illustrate with a well labelled diagram, three applications of optical
amplifiers in lightwave system. (5 marks)

1. In-line amplifiers
2. Booster of transmitter power
3. Preamplifier to the receiver

(iii) You need to transmit data over an optical link of 100 km with fiber loss of 0.2
dB/km. The link has five splices with 0.05 dB loss per splice and two connectors
with 0.2 dB per connector. The receiver sensitivity is 20μW. Express the
minimum transmitter power in both mW and dBm. (5 marks)
You can express the loss budget of the system (in dB) using
Ptr,dBm − Prec,dBm = −γL + Lf ixed ,

where Lf ixed represents the fixed losses in the system (i.e. losses that do not
depend upon fiber length). Remember that γ = −0.2 dB/km < 0 for loss.
From the problem statement, the fixed losses add up to

Lf ixed = 2 × Lconnector + 5 × Lsplice = 2 × 0.2 dB + 5 ×


0.05 dB = 0.65 dB ,

and the fiber loss

−γL = 0.2 dB/km × 100 km = 20 dB .


Now, we need to express the receiver sensitivity in dBm, which we do by

20 µW
Prec,dBm = 10 log( ) = −17.0 dB m.
1 mW

Solving for the transmitter power, we get

Ptr,dBm = Prec,dBm − γL + Lf ixed = −17.0 dBm + 20 dB + 0.65 dB = 3.66 dB m.

Expressed in mW, Ptr = 2.32 mW.

2. (i) (a) Differentiate between butt coupling and lens coupling (3 marks)

In butt coupling, the fiber is brought close to the source and held in place
by epoxy while in lens coupling, a lens is used to maximize the coupling
efficiency

(b) Briefly describe the function of pigtail in transmitter design (3 marks)

Pigtail is included with the transmitter so that the coupling efficiency can
be maximized during packaging; a splice or connector is used to join the
pigtail with the fiber cable.

(ii) Consider an optical fiber of 50 μm diameter, core index n1 = 1.5, and cladding
index n2 = 1:49 for operation at λ = 1:31 μm. (9 marks)
(a) What is the numerical aperture (NA) of this fiber?
(b) How many modes does this fiber support?

(c) What would be the pulse spread due to modal dispersion over a distance of
10 km?

(d) What would the maximum fiber diameter need to be for the fiber to operate
with a single mode?

3. (i) Consider a heterodyne receiver for a digital optical fibre communications


system.
(a) Briefly explain how a heterodyne receiver detects phase, given that
photodetectors can only detect amplitude or optical power. ( 2 marks)

A heterodyne system detects phase with an amplitude detector via mixing the
signal with that of a local oscillator (LO) to produce beats. Thus phase changes in
the optical carrier are converted to changes in optical intensity, which can then be
measured by a photodetector
(b) State the key advantage of phase detection over amplitude detection. (2
marks)

Phase detection is less prone to errors due to non-linearities.

(c) Heterodyne receivers offer increased sensitivity. Briefly state why (2 marks)

The IF signal is proportional to local oscillator power. Thus, in effect, the LO


acts as a signal amplifier, increasing sensitivity of the receiver.

(ii) To operate properly, a fibre optic receiver requires -34 dBm of power. The
system losses are 31 dB in total, from the light source to the receiver. Compute the
power in mW that the light source needs to emit to meet the requirement
(3 marks)

PT = -34 + 31 = -3 dBm
In mW, PT = 10^-3/10 = 0.5 mW.

(iii) A cable contains 144 single-mode fibres, each operating at 2.3 Gb/s. How
many digitised 64 kbps voice messages can be transmitted along this cable?
(3 marks)

Total messages = 5.175 million messages.

(iv) What is the different (in Watts) between -65 dBm and 65 dBm? (3 marks)

As -65 dBm is negligible compared to 65 dBm, ⇒ the difference ≈ 1065/10 - 0 = 4 ×106


mW = 4000 W

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