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AMITY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

PHYSIC_CLASS XII
ELECTRIC CHARGES & FIELDS
Section A: Multiple Choice Qs
1. If a unit positive charge is kept in the air. Then the total flux coming out of unit charge
is:
(a) 4πε0-1
(b) 4πε0
(c) ε0-1
(d) ε0

2. A point charge q is placed at a distance a/2 directly above the centre of the square of
side a. The electric flux through the square is:
(a) q/ε0
(b) q/6ε0
(c) q/4πε0
(d) q/4ε0

3. A cylinder of radius R and length L is placed in the uniform electric field E with the
axis of the cylinder parallel to the electric field. The Electric flux bound with the
cylinder is:
(a) π R 2 E
(b) 2 π R 2 E
(c) Zero
2
πR
(d)
E

4. A charge q is enclosed by a spherical Gaussian surface of radius R. If the radius of the

spherical Gaussian surface id doubled, electric flux bound with the surface will:
(a) be doubled
(b) be four times
(c) become half
(d) remain same

5. A charge q is placed at the centre of a hemisphere of radius r. The electric flux bound
with the hemisphere:
(a) q/ε0
(b) q/2ε0
(c) q(4πr2)
(d) q(2πr2)

6. Two charges of magnitude -2Q and Q are located at points (a,0) and (4a,0) respectively.
The electric flux due to these charges through a sphere of radius 3a with its centre at
origin is:
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(a) Q/ε0
(b) -Q/ε0
(c) -2Q/ε0
(d) Zero

7. The ratio of the magnitudes of the forces experienced by an electron and a proton in
uniform electric field is:
(a) 1:1
(b) Me: Mp
(c) Mp: Me
(d) 1:e

8. The physical quantity whose dimensional formula is [ML3 T–3A –1] is:
(a) Electric flux
(b) Electric field intensity
(c) Electric potential
(d) Dipole moment

9. A and B are concentric conducting spherical shells. A is given a positive charge while B
is earthed. Then-

(a) A and B both will have the same charge densities

(b) the potential inside A and outside B will zero
(c) the electric field between A and B is nonzero
(d) the electric field inside A and outside B is nonzero.

10. Amount of work done on an electric dipole of dipole moment p in turning it from
position of stable equilibrium to a position of unstable equilibrium in a uniform electric
field E is:
(a) -pE
(b) pE
(c) 2pE
(d) zero

11. Four charges equal to –Q are placed at the four corners of a square and a charge q is at
its centre. If the system is in equilibrium, the value of q is:
Q
(a) - (1 + 2√ 2)
4
Q
(b) (1 + 2√ 2)
4
Q
(c) - (1 + 2√ 2)
2
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Q
(d) (1 + 2√ 2)
2

12. If an electric dipole is kept in a uniform electric field then resultant electric force on it
is:
(a) always zero
(b) never zero
(c) depend upon capacity of dipole
(d) None

13. Two metal spheres, one of radius R and the other of radius 2R, both have same surface
charge density. If they are brought in contact and separated, then the new surface
charge densities on each of the two spheres will be:
5 10
(a) σ, σ
2 3
5 5
(b) σ, σ
3 6
3 6
(c) σ, σ
5 5
2 1
(d) σ, σ
3 2

14. In non-uniform electric field, electric dipole experiences:

(a) torque only
(b) torque as well as net force
(c) force only
(d) None of these

E =5 x 103 i^ N/C. What is the flux of this field through a

15. Given a uniform electric field ⃗
square of 10cm on a side whose plane is parallel to the y-z plane?
(a) 10 Nm2/C
(b) 25 Nm2/C
(c) 50 Nm2/C
(d) 0

16. Electric field at a point varies as r0 for:

(a) an electric dipole
(b) a point charge
(c) a plane infinite sheet of charge
(d) a line charge of infinite length

17. The total flux through the faces of the cube of side a, when a charge q is placed at
corner A of the cube is:
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(a) q/8ε0
(b) q/4ε0
(c) q/2ε0
(d) q/ε0

18. Calculate the flux through the cuboid shown in the figure for E = E0 y j:

(a) E0abcd
(b) E0abd
(c) E0abc
(d) Zero
19. The SI unit of electric flux is:
(a) N C-1 m2
(b) N C m-2
(c) N C-2 m2
(d) N C-1 m
20. A square surface of side L is in the plane of paper. A uniform electric field E, also in
the plane, is limited only to the lower half of the square as shown in the figure. The
electric flux associated with the surface is:

(a) EL2
(b) EL2/2 ε0
(c) EL2/2
(d) Zero

21. In the given figure, the electric flux bound with the surface S will be:

(a) q/ε0
(b) 2q/ε0
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(c) 3q/ε0
(d) 4q/ε0

22. S1 and S2 are two hollow concentric thin spherical shells enclosing charges Q and 3Q
respectively as shown in the figure. The ratio of electric flux through S1 and S2 is:
(a) 1:1
(b) 1:3
(c) 1:4
(d) 3:1

23. The electric field lines for two charges A and B are as shown in the figure. What all
conclusion/s can be drawn from it?

(a) Magnitude of charge A > magnitude of charge B.

(b) Magnitude of charge A < magnitude of charge B.
(c) At a finite distance to the left of A the electric field is zero.
(d) At a finite distance to the right of B the electric field is zero.

24. The graph shows variation of force between two charges and 1/r2, where r is the
distance between the two charges. Which of the following option is incorrect?

(a) The two charges interacting are like charges.

(b) The force between the two charges is attractive.
(c) The force between the two charges is repulsive.
(d) The graph between F vs r will be a hyperbola.

25. Which of the following graphs shows the variation of electric field E due to a hollow
spherical conductor of radius R as a function of distance from the centre of the sphere?
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Section B: Assertion Reasoning Qs

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) If both assertion & reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of
assertion.
(b) If both assertion & reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of
assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.

1. Assertion (A): The net force between two-point charges at rest is changed by the
presence of the third point charge between them.
Reason (R ) : Net force is the vector sum of all forces acting on a point charge.

2. Assertion (A): The surface densities (σ) of two spherical conductors of different radii
are equal. Then the electric field intensities near their surface are also equal.
Reason (R): Electric field intensity at the surface of a conductor is σ/ ϵo .

3. Assertion (A): An electric dipole in a non-uniform electric field experiences both

rotational and translational motion.
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Reason (R): The net force on an electric dipole in a non-uniform field is non-zero.

4. Assertion (A): With the help of Gauss theorem, we can find the electric field at any
point.
Reason (R): Gauss theorem can be applied for any charge distribution.
5. Assertion (A): Four-point charges q1, q2, q3 and q4 are as shown in figure. The flux over
the shown Gaussian surface depends only on charges q1 and q2.

Reason (R): Electric field at all points on Gaussian surface depends only on charges q1
and q2.
6. Assertion: Electric flux through an area is maximum when direction of electric field is
parallel to area vector.
Reason: electric flux depends not only on area but also on the orientation of area kept in
magnetic field.

7. Assertion: Figure shows the tracks of two charged particles, A and B in a uniform
electric field between two charged plates. The charge to mass ratio of B is greater than
that of A. Neglect the effect of gravity

Reason: The vertical acceleration of particle B is greater than that of particle A.

8. Assertion: The surface densities of two spherical conductors of different radii are equal.
Then the electric field intensities near their surface are also equal.
Reason: Surface density is equal to charge per unit area.

Section C: Case Study Qs

(Attempt any 4 parts for each case study question)

Case 1
Field line is a locus that is defined by a vector field and a starting location within the field. For
the electric fields, we have electric field lines. As we have seen in Electrostatics, electric charges
create an electric field in the space surrounding them. It acts as a kind of "map" that gives the
direction and indicates the strength of the electric field at various regions in space. The concept
of electric field lines was introduced by Michael Faraday, which helped him to easily visualize
the electric field using intuition rather than mathematical analysis.
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(i) In an electric field an electron is kept freely. If the electron is replaced by a proton.
What is the relation between the force experienced by them?
(a) Equal
(b) Unequal
(c) uniform
(d) zero

(ii) Two equal and opposite charges (2𝝻C & -2𝝻C) are separated by 1m.The electric
field intensity at the mid-point of the line joining two charges is:
(a) 1.44 x 104 N/C
(b) 7.2 x 104 N/C
(c) 3.6 x 104 N/C
(d) zero

(iii) Strength of the electric field intensity is:

(a) directly proportional to the force applied.
(b) inversely proportional to the force applied.
(c) directly proportional to the square of the force applied.
(d) inversely proportional to the square of the force applied.

(iv) SI unit for electric field intensity is:

a) NC
b) V/m
c) Nm2/C
d) N/C2
(v) The electric field due to an electric dipole is __________ symmetric.
(a) Spherically
(b) Cylindrically

Case 2: Electric Dipole

A dipole is a configuration of two equal & opposite electrical charges, separated by a finite
distance and is quantified by an electric dipole moment. The electric dipole moment associated
with two equal charges of opposite polarity separated by a distance, d is defined as the vector
quantity having a magnitude equal to the product of the charge and the distance between the
charges and having a direction from the negative to the positive charge along the line between
the charges.
It is a useful concept in dielectrics and other applications in solid and liquid materials. These
applications involve the energy of a dipole and the electric field of a dipole.
(i) When an electric dipole is kept in a non-uniform electric field:
(a) Torque = 0, Force = 0
(b) Torque ≠ 0, Force ≠ 0
(c) Torque = 0, Force ≠ 0
(d) Torque ≠ 0, Force = 0
(ii) The torque on a dipole in a uniform field is maximum:
(a) when dipole is kept parallel to the field.
(b) when dipole is kept perpendicular to the field.
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(c) when dipole inclined at 45°.

(d) when dipole inclined at 180°.
(iii) An electric dipole is placed at an angle of 30° with an electric field intensity 5 x 10 4
N/C. It experiences a torque equal to 5 Nm. If the dipole length is 1 cm, the charge
on the dipole will be:
(a) 0.1 C
(b) 0.2 C
(c) 0.01 C
(d) 0.02 C
(iv) The direction of electric field intensity at any point along the equatorial line of an
electric dipole is:
(a) perpendicular to the axis of the dipole.
(b) parallel to the axis of the dipole from negative charge to positive charge.
(c) opposite to the direction of the dipole moment.

(v) For a short dipole, the ratio of Eaxial to Eequatorial is:

(a) 1:1
(b) 2:1
(c) 1:2
(d) 4:1
Case 3: Gauss Law
Gauss’s law for the electric field describes the static electric field generated by a distribution of
electric charges. It states that the electric flux through any closed surface is proportional to the
total electric charge enclosed by this surface. By convention, a positive electric charge generates a
positive electric field. The law was published posthumously in 1867 as part of a collection of work
by the famous German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss.
I. If the radius of the gaussian surface enclosing a charge q becomes one fourth, electric flux
through the gaussian surface will be:
(a) 4 times
(b) 0
(c) remain same
(d) ϵ o times
II. Gauss’s law is applicable to:
(a) any surface.
(b) asymmetrical surfaces only.
(c) symmetrical surfaces only.
(d) imaginary surfaces only.
III. For Gauss Theorem to be valid, the dependence of Coulomb’s law on r (distance between two-
point charges), should be proportional to:
(a) r -3
(b) r -2
(c) r -1
(d) r0
IV. Gauss theorem holds good for any closed surface, regardless of:
(a) its shape.
(b) its size.
(c) both a & b.
(d) neither a nor b.
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V. The electric intensity due to a thin infinite plane sheet of charge:

(a) p/ϵo
(b) σ /ϵo
(c) q/ϵo
(d) n/ϵo

Case 4: Coulomb’s Law

Coulomb’s Law is a formula that allows us to calculate the electric force generated between two
electrical charges. Specifically, it allows calculating the strength and direction of electric force. This
equation takes into account the strength of two charged pieces of matter (called “charges”) and the
distance that separates them. The electric force is greater if the strength of the charges is greater. It
is also greater if the charges are closer together. The electric force is weaker if the charges are
weaker and if the distance between the charges is longer. Specifically, regarding distance, the
electric force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two charges. This,
like the force of gravity, is called an “inverse square law.
I. Which of the following options is not true for Coulomb’s law:
(a) it is applicable for any two point charges.
(b) it is a non-central force.
(c) it depends upon on the medium between the two charges.
(d) it obeys inverse square law.
II. Two point charges, one Coulomb each are separated by vacuum and placed 1 meter apart
from each other. The force acting between them is:
9
(a) 9 X 10 N
9
(b) 10 N
(c) 9 N
5
(d) 9X10 N
III. In the process of charging, the mass of the negatively charged body:
(a) increases.
(b) decreases.
(c) remain same.
(d) None of the above.
IV. Two-point charges are separated by some distance inside vacuum. When space between the
charges is filled by some dielectric, the force between two-point charges ?
(a) decreases.
(b) increases.
(c) remain same.
(d) none of the above.
V. A proton and an alpha particle enter a region of uniform electric field. The ratio of the force
on the proton to that on the alpha particle is:
(a) 1:1
(b) 2:1
(c) 1:2
(d) 1:3
Case 5: Electric Flux
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In the picture of electric field lines described above, we saw that the number of field lines crossing a
unit area, placed normal to the field at a point is a measure of the strength of electric field at that
point. The orientation of area element and not merely its magnitude is important in many contexts.
For example, in a stream, the amount of water flowing through a ring will naturally depend on how
you hold the ring. If you hold it normal to the flow, maximum water will flow through it than if you
hold it with some other orientation.
I. Electric flux is:
(a) a vector quantity.
(b) a scalar quantity.
(c) defined as number of field lines passing through a given area.
(d) always considered along parallel to the plane of a given surface.
II. A charge 6q is placed at the centre of a cube ‘1’ of side l and another charge q is placed at the
centre of a cube ‘2’ of side l. The ratio of electric flux passing through each face of the cube 1
to cube 2:
(a) 1:6
(b) 6:1
(c) 1:1
(d) 1:2
III. Electric flux density is a function of:
(a) Volume
(b) Charge
(c) Current
(d) Voltage
IV. Net electric flux from a closed surface depends upon distribution of inside the surface.
(a) shape of the surface
(b) amount of charge
(c) charge
(d) none of the above
V. The electric flux through a cube of side 1 cm which encloses an electric dipole is:
(a) finite
(b) q/ϵo
(c) q/2ϵo
(d) 0

Case 6
Electric field strength is proportional to the density of lines of force i.e., electric field strength
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at a point is proportional to the number of lines of force cutting a unit area element placed
normal to the field at that point. As illustrated in the given figure, the electric field at P is
stronger that at Q.

I. Electric lines of force about a positive point charge are:

(a) radially outwards
(b) circular clockwise
(c) radially inwards
(d) parallel straight lines.

II. Which of the following is false for electric lines of force?

(a) They always start from positive charges and terminate on negative charges.
(b) They are always perpendicular to the surface of a charged conductor.
(c) They always form closed loops.
(d) They are parallel and equally spaced in a region of uniform electric field.

III. Which one of the following patterns of electric line of force in not possible in filed due to
stationary charges?

IV. Electric lines of force are curved:

(a) in the field of a single positive or negative charge.
(b) in the field of two equal and opposite charges.
(c) in the field of two like charges.
(d) both (b) and (c).

V. The figure below shows the electric field lines due to two positive charges. The
magnitudes EA, EB and EC of the electric fields at points A, B and C respectively are
related as:

(a) EA > EB > EC

(b) EA > EA > EC
(c) EA = EB > EC
(d) EA > EB = EC
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Case 7: Electric Dipole

When electric dipole is placed in uniform electric field, its two charges experience equal and
opposite forces, which cancel each other and hence net force on electric dipole in uniform
electric field is zero. However these forces are not collinear, so they give rise to some torque on
the dipole. Since net force on electric dipole in uniform electric field is zero. so no work is done
in moving the electric dipole in uniform electric field. However some work is done in rotating
the dipole against the torque acting on it.

I. A dipole of dipole moment p is placed in a uniform external field E. The torque Ꞇ acting
on the dipole is:
(a) Ꞇ = p x E
(b) Ꞇ = p.E
(c) Ꞇ = 2(p + E)
(d) Ꞇ = p + E

II. An electric dipole consists of two opposite charges, each of magnitude 1.0µC separated
by 2.0 cm. The dipole is placed in an external field of 105 NC-1. The maximum torque on
the dipole is:
a) 0.2 x 10-3 Nm
(b) 1 x 10-3 Nm
(c) 2 x 10-3 Nm
(d) 4 x 10-3 Nm

III. Torque on a dipole in uniform electric field is minimum when ϴ is equal to:
(a) 0°
(b) 90°
(c) 180°
(d) Both (a) and (c)

IV. When an electric dipole is held at an angle in a uniform electric field, the net force F
and torque Ꞇ on the dipole are:
(a) F = 0, Ꞇ= 0
(b) F≠ 0, Ꞇ ≠ 0
(c) F = 0, Ꞇ= 0
(d) F ≠ 0, Ꞇ = 0

V. An electric dipole of moment p is placed in an electric field of intensity E. The dipole

acquires a position such that the axis of the dipole makes an angle ϴ with the direction
of the field. Assuming that the potential energy of the dipole to be zero when ϴ = 90°,
the torque and the potential energy of the dipole will respectively be:
(a) pEsin ϴ, -pEcos ϴ
(b) pEsin ϴ, -2pEcos ϴ
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(c) pEsin ϴ , 2pEcos ϴ

(d) pEcos ϴ, -pEsin ϴ

Case 8
It was concluded, after many careful studies by different scientists, that there were only two
kinds of an entity which is called the electric charge. We say that the bodies like glass or plastic
rods, silk, fur and pith balls are electrified. They acquire an electric charge on rubbing. The
experiments on pith balls suggested that there are two kinds of electrification, and we find that
(i) like charges repel and (ii) unlike charges attract each other. The experiments also
demonstrated that the charges are transferred from the rods to the pith balls on contact. It is
said that the pith balls are electrified or are charged by contact. The property which
differentiates the two kinds of charges is called the polarity of charge.

I. The apparatus shown in picture is used to:

(a) Detect flow of charges in vacuum.
(b) Detect the presence of electric charges.
(c) Detect presence as well as nature of electric charges present on the body.
(d) None of the above.

II. A body get charged or electrified because of:

(a) Transfer of electrons from body.
(b) Transfer of protons from body.
(c) Breaking of covalent bonds.
(d) Excess of free electrons.

III. Leaves of the above apparatus are away from each other (open or diverged)
(a) The leaves are neutral.
(b) The leaves carry same nature of charge.
(c) The leaves carry opposite nature of charge.
(d) None of the above.

IV. The apparatus shown above is:

(a) Van De Graff Generator
(b) Electroscope
(c) Potentiometer
(d) None of the above

V. The apparatus uses charging by:

(a) Induction
(b) Conduction
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(c) Both
(d) none

ANSWERS
Section A: Multiple Choice Qs
1. (c)
2. (b)
3. (c)
4. (d)
5. (b)
6. (c)
7. (a)
8. (a)
9. (c)
10. (c)
11. (b)
12. (a)
13. (b)
14. (b)
15. (c)
16. (c)
17. (a)
18. (c)
19. (a)
20. (d)
21. (a)
22. (c)
23. (a &d)
24. (b)
25. (a)

Section B: Assertion Reason Qs

1. (d)
2. (a)
3. (a)
4. (c)
5. (c)
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6. ?
7. (a)
8. ?
Section C: Case Study Qs

Case Study (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)

Case 1 a a a b b
Case 2 b b d c b
Case 3 c a b c b
Case 4 b a a a c
Case 5 b b b b d
Case 6
Case 7 a c d c a
Case 8