Chapter one I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background Introduction:

energy is a vital issue in the modern world. Nowadays, automated monitoring systems are an integral
part of everyday life uses. Moreover, most systems depend on energy or fuel in order to function.
Modern life depends on energy and most of the energy comes from petroleum or natural resources, as
Sudan is one of the countries rich in oil and oil products .one of the big challenges for the Ministry of oil
and gas in Sudan was to find a special system for gas stations
to measure the quantities and quality of fuel in the required way and keep pace with
development.
Oil and gas are national resources that serve as important assets for the economic development of
Sudan and oil-producing countries. Maintaining the economic progress of
these countries largely depend on good control over the oil and gas industry, its monitoring and quality
verification on a permanent basis. With the rapid development of oil-producing countries and the
increase in energy demand, Petroleum and natural gas have become important assets for these
countries. Therefore, the maintenance of the economic progress of ‫د‬these countries strongly depends on
the good control of these resources.
Over the past two years, monitoring sensor systems have attracted a lot of attention for their wide
practical applications. A real-time radiation zone monitoring sensor network has been
. developed for emergency response. An intelligent sensor network is designed to detect fires the
standards propose various algorithms and structures for sensor networks. Certainly, systems use
sensor networks to monitor cultural assets and aquatic environments respectively. Thus, many sensor-
based networks are designed for various applications that have proven their effectiveness. Here in this
research, an intelligent fuel monitoring system based on IOT technology is proposed to monitor oil
wells and fuel level in Sudan. Some of the current oil systems in Sudan have an inaccurate fuel level
sensor and an inability to know the health of the fuel. Then officials are often asked to go to the oil
wells to check the condition of the fuel by taking samples and examining them in the laboratory, and
also, to measure the amount of fuel in the Wells.

The quality of fuel is also one of the most important problems facing both service providers and fuel
users, whether vehicles or generators, as bad fuel greatly affects cars and gasoline
machines, which leads to the change of spare parts for the car or the fuel machine on a continuous
basis. in this project, we have a system that provides a interface that shows the level of fuel and the
health of fuel, and this from It would reduce its use and reduce the
problems of using fuel that is not good for cars or filling it with fuel machines that cause a lot of
problems. Also, providing an interface that shows the fuel level, density, temperature and fuel health of
the gas station is a solution to the problem of inaccurate measurement, which is
. done traditionally and manually

The system has sensors that measure the fuel level, fuel temperature, fuel Health, product density ,
product water mixing sensor, and display these variables to the control room and the values obtained
from these sensors are displayed in a computer and data transmission and analysis using information
and Communication Technology(IOT).

1.2 The Research problem: -

Many gas stations in Sudan are facing the inability to verify the fuel level and its quality ,as well as the
lack of obtaining accurate reports of the fuel level in the station's tank currently, which affects the sales
of the station and the delay in measurement operations that are carried out in a traditional and manual
manner, in addition to the problems that occur to fuel machines due to the quality and health of fuel
due to some cheating by some drivers of trucks supplying the station with fuel by mixing it with other
materials (water, soap, etc..) Which affects the station's machinery and the constant change of spare
parts such as fuel filter and flow meter, which is directly affected by poor fuel quality, Measuring the
health of the fuel is an important factor to avoid damage to transport vehicles in particular. The
measurement of Wells is checked by the station workers , which makes this task inaccurate and is a
time-consuming and doing the operation manually is considered inaccurate, therefore, inaccurate
amounts may cause losses to the station and waste time, so we proposed an intelligent system to
monitor the fuel tank, determine the fuel level and give some other reports such as fuel Health, current
temperature and density with showing these quantities in a clear screen that is easy to access for the
station workers and management. We will also provide a page that enables them to view it in a browser
and monitor from anywhere.
1.3 Importance of research:
The main objectives of the project were set as follows:

1-set up an intelligent system to assist the station in monitoring the fuel level, fuel temperature, density,
and health, the amount of water mixed.
2-to reduce the consumption of human strength and time
3-combating the cheating of fuel suppliers in Sudan and checking the quality of fuel directly.
4-reduce the damage and consumption of spare parts for gas station machinery and transport vehicles.

1.4 Project scope:

The intelligent well monitoring system can be divided into three consecutive feeds and the first stem
consists of sensors, namely fuel level sensor, fuel health sensor, temperature sensor, density sensor, HP
(Ho2) sensor water in the fuel, these sensors sense the data. The unit converts all measurements into
electrical signals and then into data that it transmits to the corresponding control heads,
Each sensor sends warning data in case of fuel mixing with other substances such as water, the ho2 sensor
notifies the second unit with data. for the second part, the CPU in this system is the Raspberry Pi 4
controller, it is a basic CPU from Raspberry Pi that makes it suitable for industrial control and it is
equipped with high technical capabilities that make it suitable for this project. The third part is the
communication and data display module, which is a module connected to the second unit for displaying
data graphically and clearly and for wireless transmission between the second part, which is the Raspberry
Pi 4, and the personal computer for better monitoring by the administrator.

1.5 Importance of the project:

Using the system to check the quantities of fuel stocks and verify its quality and density through advanced
devices would maintain the reliability of stations and fuel sold to cars and maintain the cycle of transport
infrastructure in general. The system also contributes to the development of the station's performance by
quickly managing data, archiving and referring to it, issuing daily, monthly and annual reports accurately,
which leads to reducing losses from sales, knowing the quantities received and loss of them and their
quality, and to achieve semi-automatic monitoring and facilitating the work of the maintenance engineer
and the station in decision-making.
1.6 Limitations of the project:

The study was limited to gas stations located in Sudan and its states, where it was found that the manual
fuel management system led to losses in sales and failure to check and measure the quality of fuel led to a
lot of losses from fuel tanks and malfunctions in transport vehicles. For more decisive results, more gas
stations and enterprises should have been studied. The information was obtained through direct interviews
and direct study at each station, in this project an intelligent system will be made that senses the quantities
of fuel, temperature, density, health, water and provide the possibility of monitoring the quantities in a
current and direct manner.

Time Limitation: 2019-2022

 Chapter Tow II
Literature review

2.1 Introduction
The system currently used to manage fuel stations in Sudan is a traditional system where the process of
measuring the amount of fuel is done manually and there is no way to detect the quality of fuel and direct the
quantities of fuel inside the stations tank, which makes the service provided to customers slow and unreliable
and requires a large additional time and a number of workers and is also expensive for the company that owns
the stations. From here, we proposed an automated system to measure and verify the real quantities in the fuel
tank and ensure its quality and a number of other features to follow up the quantities remotely and in a smart
way and reduce the risks of operation, problems and malfunctions that affect the station and cars due to the
quality of fuel and reduce the number of workers, faster performance, accuracy, time saving and providing
real-time information related to the status of the fuel level to enable timely decision-making. In this chapter
we describe the basic concepts of the components used in this research and general classifications. We
provide an overview of the ongoing events and investigative trends in the field of gas stations. Relevant
studies will present the technologies and methods used to improve and increase the efficiency of work at gas
stations.
This chapter reviews the existing literature on fuel metering systems and its quality. It shows what other
researchers have done before. The challenges that the industry was going through, the developments that were
made in the industry. And also, the challenges that were faced even after the result. There will also be a review
of technologies that have been introduced into advanced systems.

2.2 Related studies

1- suggested Marion, K. O [2] in his research paper a system that wirelessly includes Communication Electronics
for communication with a remote communication module, a distributor and a customer interface for
conducting a transaction, accepting payment and a control system. The control system is adapted to determine
the value associated with the payment made by the customer, the effect of storing the value in conjunction with
the remote communication module, communicating with the remote control 7 communication module after the
value storage procedure and deducting the value of the transaction amount associated with the communication
module to the payment effect.

2- Nedjeljko Lekic, Zoran mijanovic and others [3] presented in their paper A identification system for the
automation of Company gas stations. The system is based on NFC technology with MIFARE 1K contactless
 cards as identifiers. The system facilitates control and optimizes the fuel consumption of the company's
vehicles. It is designed to facilitate registration, control the process, as well as allow filling without the
presence of the operator. The system is realized and installed at the gas station of the Ministry of internal
affairs.

3- Suggested by Edward, O. And others [4] in their paper the design of fuel monitoring and electronic control of a
dispenser for a gas station. It consists of two sections; equipment execution control section and software
execution section. Some gas stations that use flow rate sensors can not get satisfaction both customers and
dealers. The reason is that the volume of fuel can increase or decrease due to temperature changes depending
on places and times. The system can solve its disadvantages. The system controls the compensation in volume
flow rate with a controller. To solve this problem, the PIC16F877A is used as a controller to control the time
taken for each data representation clients requests from the keyboard and the LCD (liquid crystal display) is
also used as a display unit in this system. Then the computer is also used as a control station using VB.Net. the
status of fuel levels is also monitored from the computer. MikroC is used to execute system software in order
to control the time taken.

4- Discuss both Yee and N.K S. And K. T. A monitoring system that enables effective monitoring of fuel pump
outputs and volume sales from gas stations distributed under the domain of one company / organization. The
traditional way of working by these organizations in Nigeria is not automated and the accounting for the
product being dispensed is usually rough and manual since there is little or no technology implemented at all
currently provides information regarding the situation at the station both employees who are on the ground and
supervisory personnel who are not physically present at the station. This results in unaccountable product and
revenue losses as well as slow decision-making. Remote monitoring technology as a broad research field with
many application areas that include various data collection technologies and sensor networks can be applied to
reliably provide information regarding the status of the fuel pump at distributed gas stations. The proposed
system is therefore based on a microcontroller, a keyboard and a pump to illustrate a conventional fuel
dispenser. A computer connected to the internet with an accompanying graphical user interface is designed
using virtual basics connected to the microcontroller via the serial port and is the provision of a web
implementation. J.A Goundar ،A. A. Chand ،N. Tabua ،R. Prasad, Chand ،U. Metha ،K. A .

2.3 The problems that have been mentioned:

1-Use dipping sticks to measure quantities:
The system used at the moment is a measurement of fuel in underground tanks using underground tanks. Then
the measurements are recorded manually by those present. The measured amount of fuel is low and then it is
ordered from the supplier. This system also has its challenges.
From the Nile station, Khartoum, Sudan 2022 photo from the internet

2-low fuel level without users ' knowledge

This challenge comes because the user does not know when the fuel level is low. And then the gas station may
take a long time before refilling, which will lead to a decrease in income for the company.
3-waste of time and huge financial expenses
The fuel level is measured twice a day, which leads to a waste of time. This also needs more staff for that to
happen. The owner has to hire more staff which leads to too many expenses. (SIR-based oil tank leak detection
method ,2011)
4-inaccuracy in measuring the fuel level
This happens since the fuel level is measured using a dipstick and then the fuel level is not accurate. This
challenge causes the counting results to fail. When calculating the distributed fuel is done and compared with
the remaining fuel in the underground storage tank is usually asynchronous. (Institute of engineering and
technology, 2006 .

5 - not knowing the quality of fuel in the fuel tank

This happens due to the lack of a tool or a system for checking the quality of fuel, which may have been mixed
with other substances such as water or some oils, as the water will remain in the tank and the gasoline floats on
top of it, which leads to damage and rust in the fuel tank and passing it on the fuel filter causes problems and
malfunctions of the filter and the remaining food of the mechanical fuel supply machine such as ( Flow Meter )
as the arrival of bad fuel to cars leads to serious damage, which loses the station credibility in the sale of fuel .
A photo showing the filter of a fuel supply machine and the presence of dirt in the fuel, which led to the closure of the filter (Sidoon
oil station, Sudan, Khartoum 2022).

In general, the problem at fuel service stations is the inaccuracy that is done by measuring fuel manually using
dip sticks and therefore there is no exact amount of fuel and the fuel level is not predicted as a result of
inaccuracy because it also affects sales. The problem has been solved in a few countries, such as China and
Japan.The problem has existed since the establishment of gas stations. There is also no system to check the
quality of fuel and whether it is mixed with another substance or water, the presence of a percentage of water
in the fuel has disastrous effects for equipment and machines that use fuel for operation, and this may include a
complete shutdown of components that rely on fuel for their operation, we will mention and explain some of
the problems that have occurred due to fuel pollution in some uses, including cars in general and fuel tanks
fuel supply service stations in particular, this may include hydraulic seals, reduced component hardness,
accelerated rate of corrosion corrosion, shorter life for the part or system, higher operation and maintenance
Expenses, or an unattractive appearance. Failures may occur during development, manufacturing, assembly
and transportation as well as service. The failure may include cracks, errors in the component or system, or
unexpected behavior that causes customer dissatisfaction, as the system relies heavily to show the fuel level
and temperature, as well as demonstrates the fuel quality, which will form a complete verification of the
absence of damage in three basic foods, namely:

1-fuel tank in stations or warehouses

2-fuel supply machines at the station
3. cars and trucks

Understanding the exact cause of the failure is crucial for making informed decisionsabout repair procedures
and preventing future breakdowns. A practical failure analysis may reveal one of the defects of the design,
assembly and manufacture of the component or system. Concerns such as improper material handling or
material defects, as well as service abnormalities or maintenance problems, may be detected. Unintended or
accidental effects may also be the limiting. In general, the advantages of studying fuel pollution and
monitoring measurements in an advanced way will continue for a long time in the future, since the lessons
learned often lead to development in fuel production and knowledge of problems before their development and
the absence of major consequences such as rust and cracking of the fuel tank malfunctions in car engines
damage components of a fuel supplying machine at stations, as the water contained in the fuel leads to damage
to the filter and then infects the food after it in the future.

For many decades, the oil and gas sector has established an exceptional safety record, however accidents can
happen. The most common causes of such failures are listed below:
Corrosion failure: due to the nature of the oil and gas industry service environment, corrosion is a typical cause
of failure. Failure of coated and brittle metals: ductile metals undergo noticeable plastic deformation, while
brittle metals undergo little or no plastic deformation before quickly failing by breakage and damage due to
exposure to rust. Bending is a continuous deformation of the circular cross-section of a compact component,
more often caused by mechanical damage or external interference, which may contribute to the collapse
structures. Focusing on the safety of equipment and structural integrity, it is of great importance to assess the
suitability for servicing such defects. In general, such an approach to assessing the industry for service can
monitor the fuel produced by refined systems that detect the mixing of fuel with water or other contaminants
such systems are not available in Sudan, and from this came the current research to provide a solution to detect
fuel contamination with water, not only this, but also provide solutions for fuel distribution service stations to
monitor the fuel level, temperature and fuel health using the smart fuel monitoring system, so fuel quality tests
remain very important, which is a set of procedures and measurements to assess whether the product is good or
suitable for continuous service or current time with prior knowledge of the results.

2.4 background:
proposed system in this research, we are working to design a system with a set of sensors connected to a smart
control panel that monitors the fuel level, tank temperature, fuel quality and pressure. this is done by adding
sensors that work with high accuracy. they are connected to the fuel tank with an interface that shows the
stored quantities, the ratio of pressure, temperature and the presence of water in the tank. the monitor or system
is generally connected to a smart interface through which the fuel can be monitored from a distance, whether
from a mobile phone or from computers. we will develop a general picture of the proposed system and clarify
some points in the design.
In this section, we will provide basic information about the Raspberry Pi controller and the set of sensors that
will be used in the system.
1- Raspberry Pi Microcontroller:

Raspberry Pi (/paɪ/) is a series of small single-board computers (SBCs) developed in the United Kingdom by
the Raspberry Pi Foundation in association with Broadcom.[14] The Raspberry Pi project originally leaned towards
the promotion of teaching basic computer science in schools and in developing countries.[15][16][17] The original
model became more popular than anticipated,[18] selling outside its target market for uses such as robotics. It is
widely used in many areas, such as for weather monitoring,[19] because of its low cost, modularity, and open
design. It is typically used by computer and electronic hobbyists, due to its adoption of
the HDMI and USB standards.
After the release of the second board type, the Raspberry Pi Foundation set up a new entity, named Raspberry
Pi Trading, and installed Eben Upton as CEO, with the responsibility of developing technology.[20] The Foundation
was rededicated as an educational charity for promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools and
developing countries. Most Pis are made in a Sony factory in Pencoed, Wales,[21] while others are made in China
and Japan.[22][23]

There are three series of Raspberry Pi, and several generations of each have been released. Raspberry Pi SBCs
feature a Broadcom system on a chip (SoC) with an integrated ARM-compatible central processing unit (CPU)
and on-chip graphics processing unit (GPU), while Raspberry Pi Pico has a RP2040 system on chip with an
integrated ARM-compatible central processing unit (CPU).

2- submissible Fuel Level Sensor:

Liquid level sensors are used to monitor and regulate levels of a specific, free-flowing substance within a
contained space. These materials are usually liquid, such as fuel and gasoline. These sensors measure the fuel
level at the real- time and send data to the system associated with it on a regular basis. It is also characterized by
strength and durability.
This industrial stainless steel submersible pressure level sensor adopts high-performance pressure sensing chip,
with advanced circuit processing and temperature compensation technology. The level transmitter receives
different pressures at different depths of liquid, which can be converted into corresponding current signals and
output through the sensor. In this way, the depth of liquid can be measured. The shell of the transmitter is
made of stainless steel, anti-corrosion, and easy to clean. It can be directly placed in a liquid like water, oil or
even mash with large viscosity. This product can provide a steady performance in all sorts of measurement
conditions such as rivers, reservoirs, city water supply, groundwater in urban, and basins.

3- Temp sensor

The DS18B20 is one type of temperature sensor and it supplies 9-bit to 12-bit readings of temperature. These
values show the temperature of a particular device. The communication of this sensor can be done through a
one-wire bus protocol which uses one data line to communicate with an inner microprocessor.

4-PH and water Level Sensor:

A pH sensor is a scientific device used to accurately measure acidity and alkalinity in water and other liquid
substances and get the water level.
5- Pressure Sensor: Air Barometric Pressure Sensor Digital 3.3-5V Liquid Water Level Controller

This is a gas pressure transmitter module with DIP package, the pressure sensor as the sensing element, which
integrates digital conditioning chip. It has signal processing circuit chip, and make the digital compensation to
sensor drift, sensitivity, temperature drift and non-linear. It is small in size, easy to install, widely used in
medical electronics, automotive electronics, sports and fitness equipment and so on.
Standard atmospheric pressure (atmosphere), which is a fixed value that is approximately equal to the air
pressure on the ground and at sea level, and its value is equal to: = 101325 Pa. Or 101.325 KPa or 1013.25
hPa This unit has been replaced by the bar unit for purely practical reasons, where 1bar = 100000Pa, and as
noted, the difference between the two units does not exceed 1% and there are no noticeable changes due to
this difference between the two units.
mathematically:

p: pressure.

F: vertical force.

A: The area.
 6-Gas Sensor (flammable Detection):

The MQ-2 LPG Butane Hydrogen Gas Sensor Detection Module is useful for gas leak detection (home and
industry). It is suitable for detecting H2, LPG, CH4, CO, alcohol, smoke or propane. Due to its high
sensitivity and fast response time, the measurement can be performed as soon as possible. The sensitivity
of the sensor can be set by the potentiometer.
MQ-2 gas sensor using gas sensitive material should be clean air in low conductivity tin oxide (SnO2).
When the sensor is present When flammable gases are present in the environment The conductivity of the
sensor increases with the increase in the concentration of the flammable gas in the air , and its very
necessary to detect the fuel vapor and flame .

2.5 Summary:

No Name Studies
1 Marion In his research paper a system that wirelessly incorporates
Communication Electronics to communicate with the
communication module
Remote, reseller and client interface for transaction processing,
.payment acceptance and control system
2 Nedjeljko Lekic, Zoran mijanovic and In their paper is a fixing system for the automation of the company's
others gas stations. The system is based on NFC technology with Mifare
cards
K contactless identifiers. The system facilitates control and 1
optimizes the fuel consumption of the company's vehicles
3 Edward In their paper the design of fuel monitoring and electronic control of
the dispenser for the gas station. It consists of two sections‫؛‬
Equipment execution control section and software execution section. Some
gas stations that use flow rate sensors
She cannot get satisfaction both customers and traders. The reason is, the
volume
of fuel can increase or decrease due to temperature changes depending on
places
and times
 4 Mamon and others In their discussed paper liquid levels are measured in a variety of
industrial applications, most often Measured manually, which can be
measured labor-intensive and time-consuming.
Rapid developments in electronics Technologies have made a variety
of inexpensive sensing, monitoring and control capabilities available

5 Yee ‫ و‬N.K S. ‫ و‬K. T A monitoring system that enables effective monitoring of fuel pump outputs
and
volume sales from gas stations Distributed under the domain of one company /
organization. The traditional way of working by these organizations in Nigeria
Automated accounting for the product being cashed is usually approximate and
manual due to the fact that there is little Technology or not implemented at all
currently provides information regarding the situation at the station both
Employees who are on the ground and supervisory personnel who are not
physically present at a station.

2.6 Application

The figure shows the system in a simplified way so that the sensors connect to the fuel tank to collect data and
send it to the data display device and upload it to the cloud to view and monitor the quantities from anywhere
else. Each sensor clarifies the results that some safety readings entail in terms of triggering an alarm in the
event of any warning results, such as an increase in temperature, an increase in pressure, the presence of
flammable gas, an increase in the amount of fuel more, which leads to its flow, or the entry of some water into
the tank. The system also shows the real fuel level in the tank, which facilitates the operation of the station and
the accurate processing of quantities, as well as some sensors indicate the quality of fuel in terms of the
presence of some water in it.
 Chapter three 3 III
Research and methodology

This chapter will discuss project methodology, planning based project methodology, project
schedule, project programmers. This project is coherent from one section to another.
The component used in this project will also be described in depth and more accurately to understand the details
of system construction and analysis.

3.1 Project methodology

The methodology used in this project is the system development life cycle
(SDLC). The SDLC contains a distinct job description for each stage while maintaining
Project objectives can be broken down and managed in sections. Every stage of growth takes place
Accurate sequence, without overlapping or repeating.

phase1:
planing

phase5 : phase2:
Implementa
tions analysis

phase4: phase3:
Desigin calculating

Figure 3.1 Project Methodology SDLC

3.1.1 Planning

The first part of this study focuses on comprehensive planning to analyze the possibility of monitoring the fuel
level in the tank and the possibility of the presence of another substance that may reduce the quality of the fuel in
addition to showing the current temperature of the tank using the monitoring system with sensors connected to
the tank and the possibility and availability of displaying it. Defining the problem is the primary focus of the
planning phase. Once a core problem has been identified, the planning phase begins Formulate a solution
approach. The distinguishing criterion is the search in the project and the record, which allows the detection of
damage to equipment that uses fuel, whether in storage (the fuel tank is a rust problem that occurs if water is
found in it), or cars or fuel machines that are damaged due to fuel quality, so the monitoring system detects the
problem.

3.1.2. analysis

In the analysis phase, assessment needs are researched and organized. was the writer
Gather information from current journals or research papers and case studies from different agents
To establish constraints and details, as well as to define objectives for the evaluation of a fuel control related
problem analysis. To improve the procedure, the relevant literary work and product is analyzed.

3.1.3. Calculating

In this step of the studies, an in-depth analysis of the damages of not controlling the fuel level and quality in the
tank is done.

3.1.4. Design and simulation

In this step of the studies, the conceptual design of the control system and the fabrication process
From the 3D modeling of the proposed device, its design for fuel control is taken into consideration until the
mechanis Specifications and requirements. After 3D modeling of the proposed device, it is designed to actually
control fuel
The case study is.

3.1.5. Implementation

In this step of the studies, implementation is instigated as an application to design a device that measures fuel
and detects the presence of another product, such as water in the tank, and manufactures an application that
facilitates the monitoring process for the station or warehouse manager. Implementation of all plans set for
designing the device and connecting sensors.

3.2 DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY

Collecting data from the oil and gas industry on the use of technology to accurately operate fuel stations and
measure quantities and check their quality is the basis of these studies. After collecting the data, case studies are
created with similar cases already found through journals and scientific research. The data is analyzed so that the
formulation of the problem can be determined. After the data has been analyzed, the calculations Discussions are
held to resolve existing problems so that a decision is made between repairing or replacing damaged equipment
Finite element analysis of fuel measurement processes and its quality will be the end result of monitoring the
fuel level and discovering the presence of water in the tank, the prototype of the monitoring system that will be
designed and tested to show the actual quantities of fuel and temperature and the presence of a protection and
alert system in the event of high temperatures or gas emission that would cause a fire and also The existence of
an application to monitor quantities remotely solution to existing problems.

Gathering Data

Analyze data

Calculation & Discussion

simulation

Designing ATG system

implemention & Testing

Figure 3.2 Development Methodology

3.3 Block Diagram

Research has shown problems with manual fuel measurement processes and problems with checking its quality, which
leads to problems with the fuel station sensors because it does not follow the real measurement of the real store and the
current level of each quantity. Also, failure to detect fuel quality leads to problems in cars and fuel supply machines and
more consumption of spare parts compared to the presence of a fuel system. A modern control system that detects the
current quantities, temperature and all fuel parameters in the store. It is considered a technological leap in the field of oil
and gas. The output of this project will be a prototype of the monitoring system.
It will prevent losses for the gas station and car owners, and provide the ability to monitor the fuel level and give a level of
protection that alerts in the event of the emission of any gas, evaporation, or high temperature that may lead to any type of
fire, which in this case is harmful to everyone.

Figure 3.3 Block Diagram

3.4 Flow chart of the system

START

Import all necessary functional files of the library into R-Pi

Initialize the required GPIO port pins

Read all sensor values

monitor and display all sensor values on the E-paper screen

Pressure
Gas sensor Temp sensor Level sensor Water sensor sensor

Yes / normal No / Up normal

Alarm

End

Figure 3.4 Flow Chart

3.4.1 SYSTEM FLOW chart DIAGRAM explanation
The flow diagram of the proposed system is shown in Figure 2. Step
1: Import all necessary functional files of the library into R-Pi Step
Step 2: Initialize the required GPIO port pins
3: Read all sensor values
4: Display all sensor values in the screen
5: If the temperature sensor is too high, an alert appears, a warning about the presence of water, a warning about the
presence of dangerous gas, an alert about the presence of high pressure in the tank, then No up normal an alert about the
fuel quality appearing from the density of the product if it changes
If yes/ normal, continue the monitoring.

3.5 TOOLS AND HARDWARE

The project's development uses hardware and software to achieve its goals. The table
lists project hardware and software.

Specification of the Name of the Hardware to be Utilize

Hardware
Input source • Level sensor
• Temperature sensor
• Ph sensor
• Pressure sensor
• Gas sensor
Processor • Raspberry Pi 4

Output source • E-Paper display console

• Web browser (Pc /Phone)

Table 3.1 Tools and Hardware of the Project