Advanced Operating System

Name: Pedro Hugo M.M. Pereira

Class: 3L5CS
Code: 2020341058
The Major Components in Design:
The elements of design are the fundamental aspects of any visual design which include
shape, color, space, form, line, value, and texture. Graphic designers use the elements of
design to create an image that can convey a certain mood, draw the eye in a certain
direction, or evoke a number of feelings.
There are following 8-components of an Operating System:
Process Management.
I/O Device Management.
File Management.
Network Management.
Main Memory Management.
Secondary Storage Management.
Security Management.
Command Interpreter System.

Design and Implementation in Operating System

The design of an operating system is a broad and complex topic that touches on many
aspects of computer science. This article will cover the design of operating systems in
general and then focus on the implementation aspect.

 Design Goals: Design goals are the objectives of the operating system. They must be
met to fulfill design requirements and they can be used to evaluate the design. These
goals may not always be technical, but they often have a direct impact on how users
perceive their experience with an operating system. While designers need to identify
all design goals and prioritize them, they also need to ensure that these goals are
compatible with each other as well as compatible with user expectations or expert
advice.
 Implementation: Implementation is the process of writing source code in a high-level
programming language, compiling it into object code, and then interpreting
(executing) this object code by means of an interpreter. The purpose of an operating
system is to provide services to users while they run applications on their computers.
The main function of an operating system is to control the execution of programs. It
also provides services such as memory management, interrupt handling, and file
system access facilities so that programs can be better utilized by users or other
devices attached to the system.
There are many different types of operating systems:
Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) like Microsoft Windows and Mac OS.
Command line interfaces like Linux or UNIX
Real-time operating systems that control industrial and scientific equipment
Embedded operating systems are designed to run on a single computer system without
needing an external display or keyboard.

Linux Kernel Programming:

The Linux kernel is a free and open-source, monolithic, modular, multitasking, Unix-like
operating system kernel. It was originally authored in 1991 by Linus Torvalds for his i386-
based PC, and it was soon adopted as the kernel for the GNU operating system, which
was written to be a free (libre) replacement for Unix.
Linux is provided under the GNU General Public License version 2 only, but it contains
files under other compatible licenses.[10] Since the late 1990s, it has been included as
part of a large number of operating system distributions, many of which are commonly
also called Linux.
Linux is deployed on a wide variety of computing systems, such as embedded devices,
mobile devices (including its use in the Android operating system), personal computers,
servers, mainframes, and supercomputers. It can be tailored for specific architectures
and for several usage scenarios using a family of simple commands (that is, without the
need of manually editing its source code before compilation), privileged users can also
fine-tune kernel parameters at runtime.Most of the Linux kernel code is written using
the GNU extensions of GCC to the standard C programming language and with the use of
architecture-specific instructions (ISA) in limited parts of the kernel. This produces a
highly optimized executable (vmlinux) with respect to utilization of memory space and
task execution times.
Day-to-day development discussions take place on the Linux kernel mailing list (LKML).
Changes are tracked using the version control system git, which was originally authored
by Torvalds as a free software replacement for BitKeeper.

ARM CPU and UNIX OS:

ARM processors are a family of central processing units (CPUs) based on a reduced
instruction set computer (RISC) architecture. ARM stands for Advanced RISC Machine.
ARM processors are often ideal for lower cost devices such as mobile phones. Due to its
RISC design, which has a less complex architecture, ARM processors are simpler in design
and are often much more compact. This allows the processors to be implemented in
smaller devices. Companies that have designed cores that implement an ARM
architecture include Apple, AppliedMicro (now: Ampere Computing), Broadcom, Cavium
(now: Marvell), Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel, Nvidia, Qualcomm, Samsung
Electronics, Fujitsu, and NUVIA Inc. (acquired by Qualcomm in 2021).

UNIX is an operating system which was first developed in the 1960s, and has been under
constant development ever since. By operating system, we mean the suite of programs
which make the computer work. It is a stable, multi-user, multi-tasking system for
servers, desktops and laptops. The Full Form of UNIX (also referred to as UNICS) is
UNiplexed Information Computing System. A highly popular and multitasking Operating
system, launched in 1969, UNIX is powerful. It supports multitasking and multi-user
functionality. Unix is most widely used in all forms of computing systems such as
desktop, laptop, and servers. On Unix, there is a Graphical user interface similar to
windows that support easy navigation and support environment.
Is Linux and UNIX the same?
Linux is an open-source operating system. This OS is supported on several computer
platforms and includes multiple software features that handle computer resources, and
allow you to do tasks. Unix is a powerful and multitasking operating system that behaves
like a bridge between the user and the computer.
Where is UNIX OS used?
Proprietary Unix operating systems (and Unix-like variants) run on a wide variety of
digital architectures, and are commonly used on web servers, mainframes, and
supercomputers. In recent years, smartphones, tablets, and personal computers running
versions or variants of Unix have become increasingly popular.