FAN AND TUBE LIGHT CONNECTION

Fig 1. Identification of starting and running Winding and neutral

Ex. No: Date :

FAN CONNECTION
Aim:
• To identify the staring and running winding of the given ceiling fan.
• To implement the fan connection and test the same.
Tools required:

Screw driver, cutting plier, neon tester, Tube light, tube light holders,
starters, choke, patch cords etc.

Theory:

Identification of winding:

The first step in fan connection is differentiating the starting and running
winding. Generally the starting winding is of high resistance and running
winding is of low resistance.
These winding may be distinguished by “A LAMP BRIGHTNESS TEST”. In
this test any one of the winding is connected to the supply in series with a
230V incandescent lamp. It is obvious that the voltage provided to the
incandescent lamp and hence its brightness depends on the amount of voltage
dropped across the winding (KVL).If the winding has more resistance that will
cause more voltage drop (VB), and hence less voltage given to lamp (VA).This
leads to less brightness and hence the winding may be identified as starting
winding. The reverse will be the case for running winding
FAN CONNECTION

Fig: 2 Circuit Diagram for fan connection

Single phase induction motor (AC motor) are widely used in ceiling fans due
to various advantages over other types of motors. It is low cost, low
maintenance and has direct conduction to the AC power source.
Single –phase induction motors are the most used .These motors have
only one starter winding, operate with single phase power supply and have a
squirrel cage rotor. The rotor construction is of “squirrel cage “type. In this
type, rotor consists of uninsulated copper or aluminium bars, placed in slots.
The bars are permanently slotted at both ends with the help of metal rings
called “end rings”. The end rings (two) and aluminium looks like the cage used
for squirrel and hence the name. As the bars are permanently shorted to each
other, the resistance of the entire rotor is very small.
Because of this single phase, the rotor is not self started when connected to
a power supply. The necessary torque is not generated therefore causing the
rotor to only vibrate and not rotate. For any AC motor, to start by its own,
there must be minimum two winding(phase) and excited by phase shifted
currents hence, in this single phase induction motor in addition to induction
running winding an additional starting winding is added and thus provides
starting torque.
Procedure:
i. The phase and live wire is connected to S1 of the starting coil and R1 of
the running coil in parallel.
ii. The terminal S2 of the starting coil is connected to C1 of the capacitor.
iii. Terminal C2 of the capacitor along with the R2 of the running winding
constitutes the neutral wire.
Result:

Thus the fan connection is implemented and tested.

Fig:3 Physical Diagram of Tube light indicating parts

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

A-Argon
F-Filament
G-Ballast
C-Starter
E-capacitor
D-Bimetallic strip

Fig. 4 Circuit Diagram for Tube light connection

Aim: To make and test a tube light connection.

Tools and accessories required: Screw driver, cutting plier, neon tester,
Tube light, tube light holders, starters, choke, patch cords etc.

Theory:
A fluorescent lamp is a low weight mercury vapour lamp that uses
fluorescence to deliver visible light. An electric current in the gas energizes
mercury vapour which delivers ultraviolet radiation through discharge
process and the ultraviolet radiation causes the phosphor coating of the lamp
inner wall to radiate visible light. Here we connect one ballast, and one switch
and the supply is series as shown. Then we connect the fluorescent tube and
a starter across it.
 When we switch ON the supply, full voltage comes across the lamp as
well as across the starter through the ballast. But at that instant, no
discharge happens, i.e., no lumen output from the lamp.
 At that full voltage first the glow discharge is established in the starter.
This is because the electrodes gap in the neon bulb of starter is much
lesser than that of the fluorescent lamp.
 Then gas inside the starter gets ionized due to this full voltage and heats
the bimetallic strip. That causes to bend the bimetallic strip to connect
to the fixed contact. Now, current starts flowing through the starter.
Although the ionization potential of the neon is more than that of the
argon but still due to small electrode gap, a high voltage gradient
appears in the neon bulb and hence glow discharge gets started first in
the starter.
 As soon as the current starts flowing through the touched contacts of
the neon bulb of the starter, the voltage across the neon bulb gets
reduced since the current, causes a voltage drop across the inductor
(ballast). At reduced or no voltage across the neon bulb of the starter,
there will be no more gas discharge taking place and
  hence the bimetallic strip gets cool and breaks away from the fixed
contact. At the time of breaking of the contacts in the neon bulb of the
starter, the current gets interrupted, and hence at that moment, a large
voltage surge comes across the inductor (ballast).

 This high valued surge voltage comes across the fluorescent lamp
(tube light) electrodes and strikes penning mixture (mixture argon gas
and mercury vapor).
 Gas discharge process gets started and continues and hence current
again gets a path to flow through the fluorescent lamp tube (tube light)
itself. During discharging of penning gas mixture
the resistance offered by the gas is lower than the resistance of starter.
 The discharge of mercury atoms produces ultraviolet radiation which
in turn excites the phosphor powder coating to radiate visible light.
 Starter gets inactive during glowing of fluorescent lamp (tube light)
because no current passes through the starter in that condition.

Procedure:

i. The connections are established as per the circuit diagram using patch
cords.
ii. The live wire is connected to ballast B and capacitor C which is used to
suppress radio interference.
iii. From here the connection goes to the ends of the filaments of the tube
light.
iv. The glow switch starter G1 and capacitor C1 for power factor
improvement are connected to the other two ends of the filaments of the
fluorescent tube.
v. Now the circuit is ready for testing.

Result:

Thus the tube light connection is done and tested.

1. What are the factors that affect the life of the fluorescent lamp?

2. What are the reasons for the lamp to blink

3. Are there any disadvantages for the fluorescent lamp?