Gerund and Infinitives 1

GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
GERUND AND INFINITIVES (1)
Structures with To Infinitive: It + …

I. Aims
- To understand and use some Phrases and Structures with To Infinitive and do related
sentence transformation exercises.
II. Teaching Aids
- Handouts
III. Procedure
- T. presents the following contents item by item, eliciting examples, …
1. It takes/took Sb Time to do St
E.g. - We go to school in 20 minutes. => It … (takes us 20 minutes to go to school.)
2. It + be(ht) + Adj + to Infi V.ing + be(ht) + Adj
E.g. - It‟s not difficult to learn English. => Learning … (English is not difficult.)
3. It + be(tense) + For Sb + Adj + to Infi Find it + Adj + to Infi Find + V.ing + Adj
E.g. - He finds it difficult to learn Chinese. It … (is difficult for him to learn Chinese.)
He finds … (learning Chinese difficult.)
4. It + be(tense) + a/an + N + (For Sb) + to Infi
E.g. - Learning English is a must. => It is a must for you to learn English.
5. It + be(tense) + Adj + of + Sb + to Infi (Chỉ áp dụng cho các Adj nói về tính cách: kind,
nice, thoughtless, silly, …)
E.g. - I wish you hadn‟t done that. (thoughtless) => It … (was thoughtless of you to do that.)
- You shouldn‟t have left that company. (silly) => It … (was silly of you to leave that
company.)
GERUND AND INFINITIVES (2)
Other Structures with Gerund and Infinitives

I. Aims
- To understand and use some Verbs, Phrases and Structures with Gerund (V.ing), To
Infinitive and Bare Infinitive and do related sentence transformation exercises.
II. Teaching Aids
- Handouts
III. Procedure
- T. presents the following contents item by item, eliciting examples, …
1. V/Phrases/Structures + V.ing: enjoy, hate, regret, involve/mean (bao gồm, có nghĩa là
phải …), succeed in, Be arrested for (bị bắt vì), deny, prevent Sb from …, there‟s no point
in/ It‟s no use/It‟s no good/It‟s pointless (vô ích, … chẳng ích gì) Be on the point of (vừa
định), It‟s a waste of time (lãng phí thời gian), …
E.g. - We was about to leave when the phone rang. (point) => We was … (on the point of
leaving when the …)
- You are wasting time asking him for help. (point) => There‟s … (no point in asking
him for help.)
2. V/Phrases/Structures + To Infinitive: fail to do St, manage to do St,
appear/seem/happen to do St, be (un)able to do St, lead Sb to do St (khiến ai làm gì),
enable Sb to do St, resolve to do St (kiên quyết)
E.g.
3. V/Phrase/Structure + V(BI): Let Sb do St, would rather/would sooner do St,
E.g.
PRACTICE: IT +
a. It takes/ took …
1. She traveled to Paris in two weeks.
=> It …
2. We had to spend three hours to open the door.
=> It …
3. I had to spend 2 hours to finish my work.
=> It …
4. The flight to Moscow lasted three and a half hours.
=> It took …
5. I spent an hour doing this exercise.
=> It took …
6. The astronauts orbited the earth in two hours.
=> It took …
7. Mastering a second language takes time and patience.
=> It …
b. Other Structures with IT and To Infinitive/V.ing …

1. It is better to make a wrong decision than to make no decision at all.
=> Making a wrong decision …
2. Handicapped people find shopping in supermarkets difficult.
=> It is …
3. Living in the city is exciting.
=> Some people find it …
4. Safeguarding our natural resources is now a must.
=> It is …
5. It is disappointing that we haven‟t heard from Molly.
=> We are …
6. We can‟t possibly work in this noise.
=> It‟s …
7. There is no point in asking her out. She never goes out to restaurants.
=> It is useless
8. If we wait long enough, we‟ll get what we want.
=> It‟s just … a question of waiting long enough to get what we want
9. It is difficult to answer her question adequately.
=> Hers is … a difficult question to answer adequately
10. It is the responsibility of parents to monitor what young children watch on TV.
=> Monitoring …
11. From Algiers to Niamey by road is a long and difficult journey.
=> It …
12. I wish you hadn‟t thrown that out. silly => It was
………………………………………………… that out.
13. I wish I‟d told the others about this. mistake => It was …………………………………
the others about this.
14. Making a speech to a large audience can be very frightening.
=> It …
15. Inviting them to take part might be a good idea. => It …
16. I am honoured to be here tonight on this very special occasion.
=> It …
17. No one can predict the future accurately. => It …
18. Roses can‟t possible grow in such poor land. => It‟s impossible
19. The firemen had to break the door down. necessary
=> It ………………………………………………………… to break the door down.
20. It‟s not common for women to be racing drivers. seldom => Racing drivers
…………………………. women.
21. It‟s unusual for Jane to lose at backgammon. hardly => Jane …………………………at
backgammon.
22. It‟s rare for my sister to take a holiday. goes => My sister
………………………………………… holiday.
23.Brian must do exercise to strengthen his back after the surgery. (compulsory)
=> It …
24. Can Mr Bailey deliver the letters by tomorrow? => Is it …
25. It‟s hardly possible to reach the peak of the mountain on foot.
=> It‟s nearly
26. Should you practice the piano so often? (advisable) => …
27. We shouldn‟t have wasted so much time waiting for the film star to turn up. (worth)
=> It
PRACTICE : V/Phrases/Structues + V.ing
1. He stole some money and was arrested for it. => He was …
2. I have to write letters, but I hate it. => I hate …
3. John failed to find the source of the River Nile. => John did not succeed …
4. If I had worked hard, I wouldn‟t have failed the exam. => Tom regretted ….
8. Henry denied stealing Mary‟s handbag. => Henry said that …
9. We couldn‟t drive because of the fog. => The fog …
12. Richard reduced his intake of fatty food and lost seven kilos in a month!
=> Richard cut …
13. While mending the road, the accidentally blocked our water pipes.
=> They accidentally cut off …
15. They always make fun of me and I hate it. => I hate …
16. I don‟t see the point of redecorating this room. => Redecorating this room … is pointless
17. I‟m always nervous when I take exams. => Taking exams … make me feel nervours
18. Mrs. Scott is proud of her cooking. => Mrs. Scott prides herself … on cooking
19. You can try to get Tim to lend you his car but you won‟t succeed.
=> There‟s no point in …trying to get Tim to lend you his cảr
20. They were unable to finish their tennis game because of a heavy shower.
=> A heavy shower … prevent them from finishing their tennis game
21. It‟s not worth trying to make her change her mind. => There‟s … is no point in trying to make hẻ change hẻ mind
22. I‟ll be happy to give you a lift. => I don‟t mind giving … you a lift
23. He was sorry didn‟t say goodbye to her at the airport. => He regretted … not saying goodbye to her at the airport
24. Why not go there by bus? => Anne suggested … going there by bus
25. You can try to get Jim to lend you his car, but you won‟t succeed. => There‟s noi point … in getting Jim to lend..
26. Why don‟t you put your luggage under the seat? => He suggestedus …putting our luggage under seat
27. The driver said it was true that he didn‟t have a licence. => The driver admitted not … having a licence
28. I hate to get up in the dark. => I can‟t stand … getting up in the dark
29. Seeing Nelson Mandela will always in my memory. => I‟ll never … forgot seeing Nelson Mandela
30. We couldn‟t drive because of the fog. => The fog prevented … us from driving BC of the fog
31. I realized I had said something wrong. (conscious) => I… was conscious of saying sth wrong
32. Collecting stamps from foreign countries is one of Jane‟s interests.
=> Jane is…interested in collecting stamps
33. He takes great delight in proving others wrong. (enjoys) => He …. enjoys proving other wrong
34. Reading scientific books is one of my interests. => I am interested … in reading scientific books
35. The tram couldn‟t run because of the storm. => The storm … prevent the tram from running
36. My English friend finds using chopsticks difficult. => My English friend isn‟t … get used to driving on the left
37. It won‟t be difficult to get a ticket for the game. => You won‟t have any … difficulty getting a ticket
38. Driving on the left is strange and difficult for Americans. => Americans aren‟t get … used to driving n the left
39. My aunt sent me a wonderful present. => I must write and thank … my aunt for sending me a wonderful present
40. Some people ruin their own lives. => But you just can‟t prevent … Everyone from ruining their own lives,.

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GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

GERUND AND INFINITIVES (1)

Structures with To Infinitive: It + …

GERUND AND INFINITIVES (2)

Other Structures with Gerund and Infinitives

b. Other Structures with IT and To Infinitive/V.ing …

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