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B1 Connectors PDF

This document provides definitions and examples of conjunctions and linking words used to connect and contrast ideas, including: although, even though, in spite of, despite, though, on the one hand, on the other hand, however, whereas, yet, even if, even so, in order to, because of, due to, in addition (to), besides, as, as soon as, and otherwise. These words are used to link two ideas, show contrasting ideas, express purpose or result, or indicate what will happen if a suggestion is not followed.

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2K views4 pages

B1 Connectors PDF

This document provides definitions and examples of conjunctions and linking words used to connect and contrast ideas, including: although, even though, in spite of, despite, though, on the one hand, on the other hand, however, whereas, yet, even if, even so, in order to, because of, due to, in addition (to), besides, as, as soon as, and otherwise. These words are used to link two ideas, show contrasting ideas, express purpose or result, or indicate what will happen if a suggestion is not followed.

Uploaded by

Maria Paula Dure
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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B1 CONNECTORS – LINKERS

CONTRAST: ALTHOUGH, EVEN THOUGH, IN SPITE OF AND DESPITE…


are all used to link two contrasting ideas or show that one fact makes the other fact surprising. They
can all be used at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.
Although we don't agree, I think she's a brilliant speaker.
Even though we don't agree, I think she's a brilliant speaker.
In spite of the law, people continue to use mobile phones while driving.
Despite the law, people continue to use mobile phones while driving.
Despite the rain, we enjoyed the festival.
We enjoyed the festival, despite the rain.

IN SPITE OF / DESPITE

After in spite of and despite, we use a noun, gerund (-ing form of a verb) or a pronoun.

They never made much money, in spite of their success.


In spite of the pain in his leg, he completed the marathon.
Despite having a headache, I had a great birthday.
The train was cancelled. In spite of that, we arrived on time.

Note that it is common to use in spite of and despite with the expression the fact that, followed by
a subject and verb.

In spite of the fact that he worked very hard, he didn't pass the exam.
Despite the fact that he worked very hard, he didn't pass the exam.

ALTHOUGH / EVEN THOUGH


After although and even though, we use a subject and a verb. Even though is slightly stronger and
more emphatic than although.
I enjoyed the course, although I would have liked more grammar practice.
Although we saw each other every day, we didn't really know each other.
Even though she spoke very quietly, he understood every word.
She didn't get the job, even though she had all the necessary qualifications.

THOUGH
Though can be used in the same way as although.
Though I wasn't keen on the film, I thought the music was beautiful.
Though can also go at the end of the second phrase. This way of expressing contrasting ideas is most
common in spoken English.
We waited ages for our food. The waiter was really nice, though.
ON THE ONE HAND – ON THE OTHER HAND
It's not a very nice flat. On the other hand, it's very cheap.
I wanted to go, but on the other hand, I was too tired, so I stayed at home.

Optionally, you can use it with ON THE ONE HAND with the other contrasting idea. This dual
construction emphasizes the contrast:

On the one hand I wanted to go, but on the other hand, I was too tired.

HOWEVER
'However' isn't used to connect two clauses. Instead, we usually put the two ideas in two separate
sentences. We put 'however' in the second sentence, and we can put it at the beginning, at the end,
or after the subject.
I love London. However, the weather is bad.
I love London. The weather, however, is bad.
I love London. The weather is bad, however.

WHEREAS
We use the conjunction whereas to indicate a contrast between two facts or ideas:
He loves foreign holidays, whereas his wife prefers to stay at home.
Whereas most new PCs have several USB slots, older ones often only had one

YET
Yet as a conjunction means ‘but’ or ‘nevertheless’. We use it to show contrast. It often occurs
after and:
So many questions and yet so few answers.
It felt strange and yet so wonderful to ski in the summer!
He is my worst enemy, and yet, I admire him as the wisest man in the world.

EVEN IF
We use even before if to refer to a possible unexpected or extreme event:
I’m still going to go swimming in the sea even if it rains. (I don’t expect rain but it is possible.)
I’ve got to get home even if it means flying the plane myself. (I’ve got to get home and I’ll do
anything to get there.)
EVEN SO
We use even so to make a contrast, to mean ‘despite something’. It has a similar meaning
to however or nevertheless.
It is most common in front position in the clause but we can also use it in end position. It often
occurs after but:
Their holiday went well but, even so, they longed to be home again with the children.
You do need your seatbelt on. Put it on please. I know it’s not very far, but even so. If we have an
accident you’ll need it.
I know you don’t like her, but you should say hello to her even so.

IN ORDER TO
We use in order to with an infinitive form of a verb to express the purpose of something. It is more
common in writing than in speaking:
Mrs Weaver had to work full-time in order to earn a living for herself and her family of five
children.
We all need stress in order to achieve and do our best work.
The negative of in order to is in order not to:
They never parked the big van in front of the house in order not to upset the neighbours.

BECAUSE OF
Meaning ‘as a result of’:

Because of the rain, the tennis match was stopped.


There were so many people in the shop because of the sale.
Because of it's violent content, we cannot recommend this movie for families.
I 'm tired, but I'm not going to give up because of it

DUE TO
As a result of : BECAUSE OF

Due to the complaints of the parents, he lost his job.


Evening classes were cancelled due to heavy snow.
Ruben lost his sight due to an infection.
They fired the maid due to her lack of punctuality.
IN ADDITION OR ADDITIONALLY
We use them between two sentences.

Our new director can speak three languages. In addition, he has six years of experience.
Our new house is so close to the city center. In addition, it has four large bedrooms.
Players in Ac Milan are all good footballers. In addition, many of them have years of experience
playing together.

BESIDES
In addition to; also:
She won't mind if you're late - besides, it's hardly your fault.
Do you play any other sports besides basketball?

AS
*Used to state the reason for something
As you were out, I left a message.
She may need some help as she's new.
*Used to say that although something is true, what follows is also true : SYNONYM though
Happy as they were, there was something missing.
Angry as he was, he couldn't help smiling.

AS SOON AS
at the same time or a very short time after:
As soon as I saw her, I knew there was something wrong.
The police arrested the criminal as soon as they found him.
You will get the results later this year as soon as they are available.

OTHERWISE
Used after an order or suggestion to show what the result will be if you do
not follow that order or suggestion:
I'd better write it down, otherwise I'll forget it.
Call home, otherwise your parents will start to worry.
Come in now, otherwise you'll get wet.
I'd better tell him about the letter, otherwise he might be angry.

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