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Tutorial 2 - Questions

This document contains 11 practice problems related to statistics and probability concepts such as counting methods, conditional probabilities, and independence. The problems cover topics like counting the number of possible outcomes when selecting committee members or lottery numbers, calculating probabilities of events like obtaining a certain number of tails when tossing coins, and determining whether events are independent or related conditionally. Solving the problems demonstrates different counting methods and approaches for calculating probabilities.

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Gowshika Sekar
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28 views2 pages

Tutorial 2 - Questions

This document contains 11 practice problems related to statistics and probability concepts such as counting methods, conditional probabilities, and independence. The problems cover topics like counting the number of possible outcomes when selecting committee members or lottery numbers, calculating probabilities of events like obtaining a certain number of tails when tossing coins, and determining whether events are independent or related conditionally. Solving the problems demonstrates different counting methods and approaches for calculating probabilities.

Uploaded by

Gowshika Sekar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nanyang Business School

AB1202 – STATISTICS AND ANALYSIS

Tutorial :2
Topics : Counting Methods

Counting problems
1. Three different classes contain 18, 25 and 20 students, respectively, and one student can
only be a member of one class. If a team is to be composed of one student from each of
these three classes, in how many different ways can the team members be chosen?

2. A club consists of 30 members. A president and a secretary are to be chosen from the
members. One member cannot take these two positions. In how many possible ways can
these two positions can be filled?

3. Three dice are rolled. What is the probability the same number appears on exactly two
of the three dice (for example, (1,1,6) or (4,2,2))?

4. If six dice are rolled, what is the probability that all six dice show different numbers (i.e.,
no repeated number)?

5. A committee composed of eight people is to be selected from a group of 20 people. How


many ways are there to form this committee?

6. Suppose that a fair coin is to be tossed 10 times. Determine


(1) The probability of obtaining exactly three Tails,
(2) The probability of obtaining three or fewer Tails.

7. Suppose that 100 mathematics students are divided into five classes, each containing 20
students, and that awards are to be given to 10 of these students (the 10 awards are
indistinguishable). If each student is equally likely to receive an award, what is the
probability that exactly two students in each class will receive awards?

8. This question illustrates that answers to a probability problem can be obtained thru
different counting methods. One can always arrive at the correct answer as long as
consistent logic is used in your working.

In a lottery game, six numbers from 1 to 30 are drawn at random from a bin without
replacement (meaning a number will appear at most once). Each lottery ticket has six
different numbers from 1 to 30. If all six numbers drawn match those on the player’s
ticket, regardless of the sequence, the player wins. Now consider the following three
events:
A= {the draw contains the numbers 1,14,15,20,23 and 27}
B= {one of the numbers drawn is 15} and
C= {the first number drawn is less than 10}.

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Nanyang Business School

One way to construct a sample space is to consider all possible sequences of the 6 numbers.
That is, each outcome in the sample space is an ordered sequence of the six numbers chosen
from the 30 available numbers. Note that by sequence, we mean we distinguish outcomes
according to the order where the numbers are drawn.

How many outcomes are there in this sample space? Use this method to calculate the
probability of events A, B and C.

Conditional probabilities & independence


9. Suppose that S is an event that a randomly selected NTU student knows what
“Conditional probabilities” mean. Event N is that the student is an NBS student. Event A
is that the student has taken the graduate-level course on quantum physics at SPMS.
Evaluate the following questions (based on our common sense and your understanding
of independent events).
(a) Are S and N independent events?
(b) Are A and N independent events?

10. A stockbroker knows that the probability that a client owns stocks is 0.7 and the
probability that a client owns bonds is 0.4. The probability that the client owns bonds if
he/she already owns stocks is 0.35.
(1) What is the probability that the client owns both of these securities?
(2) Given that the client own bonds, what is the probability that the client owns stocks?

11. Suppose the conditional probability that an NBS student received a grade A for AB1202,
given that the student is female, is 0.15. For simplicity, let us also assume NBS has a total
of 1,000 students, among which 60% are female.
(1) What is the conditional probability that an NBS student did not receive a grade A,
given that the student is female?
(2) Can we calculate the conditional probability that an NBS student received a grade A
for AB1202, given that the student is male?
(3) Suppose now we know the conditional probabilities of male and female students
getting A are 0.10 and 0.15, respectively. How do we use the conditional probabilities
to calculate the “unconditional” probability that an NBS student (whether male or
female) received a grade A for AB1202?

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