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2A - Visual Inspection

Visual inspection (VI) is the most basic and common non-destructive testing method. It involves using tools like borescopes, magnifying glasses, mirrors, and video inspection units to examine surfaces and detect defects. VI can reveal gross surface flaws and is a simple, quick, and low-cost way to inspect parts and identify defects from casting, rolling, and welding. While it only detects surface issues and requires trained inspectors, VI remains widely used due to its portability and ability to avoid costly repairs from found defects.

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Aryan Aggarwal
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123 views18 pages

2A - Visual Inspection

Visual inspection (VI) is the most basic and common non-destructive testing method. It involves using tools like borescopes, magnifying glasses, mirrors, and video inspection units to examine surfaces and detect defects. VI can reveal gross surface flaws and is a simple, quick, and low-cost way to inspect parts and identify defects from casting, rolling, and welding. While it only detects surface issues and requires trained inspectors, VI remains widely used due to its portability and ability to avoid costly repairs from found defects.

Uploaded by

Aryan Aggarwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MM105301MM Non-destructive Testing

Visual Inspection(VI)

Dr. R. Bheekya Naik


Assistant Professor

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Casting Rolling Welding

Casting defects Rolling defects Welding defects


Visual Inspection
Most basic and common
inspection method.

Tools include borescopes,


magnifying glasses and
mirrors.

Portable video inspection


unit with zoom allows
inspection of large tanks
and vessels, railroad tank
cars, sewer lines.
Robotic crawlers permit
observation in hazardous or
tight areas, such as air ducts,
reactors, pipelines.
Introduction
•Visual Inspection is a NDT technique that provides a means of
detecting and examining a variety of surface flaws
•A simple visual inspection test can reveal gross surface defects
and immediate rejection, consequently saving much time and
money
•With the advent of microprocessors and computers, visual
examination can be carried out very reliably and with minimum
cost
•Image processing, pattern recognition and automatic accept /
reject choice are used when large number of components are to
be assessed
Principle of Visual Inspection
• Basic principle:
– illuminate the test specimen with light
– examine the specimen with the eye
• Equipment is used to:
– to magnify defects which can not be detected by the unaided eye
– to assist in the inspection of defects
– to permit visual checks of areas not accessible to unaided eye
• Most widely used of all the nondestructive tests.
• Simple, easy to apply, quickly carried out and usually low in cost
Defects which can be detected by unaided Visual Inspection
1. The general condition of the component
2. The presence or absence of oxide film or corrosive
product on the surface
3. The presence or absence of cracks, orientation of cracks
4. The distortion of components due to heat treatments
5. The surface porosity, unfilled craters, contour of the weld
beads, etc
5. Potential sources of mechanical weakness such as sharp
notches or misalignment, etc
6. The results of visual examination may be of great
assistance to other NDT tests
Optical aids used for VI
1. Magnifying Glass
2. Mirrors
3. Microscope
4. Borescope
5. Flexible Fiber Optic Borescope
6. Telescopes
7. Video Imagescope
8. Robotic crawlers
9. Endoscope
10.CCT
11.Computers
Advantages of VI
Advantages
1. Usually inexpensive - the majority of expense will be in the inspector’s wage
2. Equipment is small and inexpensive – there’s a lot of equipment to aid in visual inspection,
but all small and inexpensive.
3. No power required – this makes visual inspection the most portable NDT process.
4. Can avoid defects and costly repairs – by able to make
intermittent inspection
Limitations of VI
1. Requires training and experience –the inspector should be
familiar with all the welding process.
2. Must have a good eyes – the AWS requires 20-40 natural or
corrected distance acuity for a certified inspector.
3. May not detect internal defects – limited to surface discontinuities only,
but it might give indication of sub- surface indication. Then can be
supplemented by some other NDT method.
4. No permanent records – the inspector must maintain a written log,
supplemented by pictures, and tape recorded report.
5. Subject to human error – must spend adequate time to
prevent errors.
Applications of VT

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