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The document discusses knowledge-based agents in artificial intelligence. It describes how knowledge-based agents maintain an internal state of knowledge and can reason over that knowledge to update their understanding and take actions. The key components of a knowledge-based agent are its knowledge-base, which stores facts about the world, and its inference system, which applies rules to deduce new information. There are two main approaches to building knowledge-based agents: the declarative approach, where the agent is initialized with knowledge and asks itself what to do, and the procedural approach, where desired behavior is directly encoded as a program.
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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
35 views15 pagesAi 06
The document discusses knowledge-based agents in artificial intelligence. It describes how knowledge-based agents maintain an internal state of knowledge and can reason over that knowledge to update their understanding and take actions. The key components of a knowledge-based agent are its knowledge-base, which stores facts about the world, and its inference system, which applies rules to deduce new information. There are two main approaches to building knowledge-based agents: the declarative approach, where the agent is initialized with knowledge and asks itself what to do, and the procedural approach, where desired behavior is directly encoded as a program.
Uploaded by
Moayad Al KadryCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Artificial Intelligence
06
Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA
Associate Professor
16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 1
Knowledge Pyramid
16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 2
Types of knowledge
16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 3
AI knowledge cycle
16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 4
Knowledge-Based Agent in Artificial intelligence
• Intelligent agent needs knowledge about the real world for taking decisions
and reasoning to act efficiently.
• Knowledge-based agents are those agents who have the capability of
maintaining an internal state of knowledge, reason over that knowledge,
update their knowledge after observations and take actions.
16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 5
The architecture of knowledge-based agent
Knowledge-base is a collection of sentences. These
sentences are expressed in a language which is called
a knowledge representation language. The
Knowledge-base of KBA stores fact about the world.
Knowledge-base is required for updating knowledge
for an agent to learn with experiences and take action
as per the knowledge.
Operations Performed by KBA
❖ TELL: Tells the knowledge base what it perceives from the environment.
❖ ASK: Asks the knowledge base what action it should perform.
❖ Perform: Performs the selected action.
16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 6
The architecture of knowledge-based agent
Inference system: Inference means deriving new sentences from old. Inference
system allows us to add a new sentence to the knowledge base.
A sentence is a proposition about the world. Inference system applies logical rules
to the KB to deduce new information.
16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 7
The architecture of knowledge-based agent
Inference system generates new facts so that an agent can update the KB. An
inference system works mainly in two rules which are given as:
❖ Forward chaining: It is the strategy to answer the question, “What can
happen next?”
❖ Backward chaining: is the strategy to answer the question, “Why this
happens?”
16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 8
Various levels of knowledge-based agent
1) Knowledge level: The most abstract- describe agent by saying what it knows.
2) Logical level: it describes how the agent knows.
3) Implementation level: it describes how knowledge is implemented.
16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 9
Approaches to designing a knowledge-based agent
There are mainly two approaches to build a knowledge-based agent:
16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 10
Approaches to designing a knowledge-based agent
There are mainly two approaches to build a knowledge-based agent:
1) Declarative approach: We can create a knowledge-based agent by
initializing with an empty knowledge base and telling the agent all the
sentences with which we want to start with.
Declarative approach
Tell agent what it needs to know
Then ask itself what to do
The action has been taken
16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 11
Approaches to designing a knowledge-based agent
There are mainly two approaches to build a knowledge-based agent:
1) Declarative approach: We can create a knowledge-based agent by
initializing with an empty knowledge base and telling the agent all the
sentences with which we want to start with.
2) Procedural approach: We directly encode desired behavior as a program
code. Which means we just need to write a program that already encodes the
desired behavior or agent.
However, in the real world, a successful agent can be
built by combining both declarative and procedural
approaches, and declarative knowledge can often be
compiled into more efficient procedural code.
16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 12
16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 13
kind of knowledge which needs to be represented in AI systems
• Object: All the facts about objects in our world domain.
• Events: Events are the actions which
occur in our world.
• Performance: It describe behavior
which involves knowledge about how to
do things.
• Meta-knowledge: It is knowledge about
what we know.
• Facts: Facts are the truths about the real
world and what we represent.
• Knowledge-Base: The central
component of the knowledge-based
agents is the knowledge base.
16 May 2023 © Dr. Eng. Yasser KHADRA 14
Techniques of knowledge representation
