a ee ee Y clawiper crreuut(ale a, a an restorer ) nee fir che Ce Volt but “doe, te appect tu Shape Hn waveforiu Capacitor, ctiods and resistance Hut thvet base elements CY +t Pepe upou Wruathur uy POSH ve doce magative cece. “ehitt 1b inbredued th ey crt = Warton , the Clawipens arn Chasaif'e wd a, Clapuptr — ’ a) wapetive Clawipeys (b) Positive clout pera . 6, Negativx Clamper — 4 Siuple vegativs Clampey 1 ° { Mics odes a sqativa level Fo iy bala: ouifie Aotk Shown below: ub St Cousjaty Sh a Capacitor c, tnt ideal Aidar pb gud tht load ‘vesitoihee Rivne. | Hie Counth @=Re 6 Eupposel to ba very orga by ear re voles eh R andc: Dung she tiat Quarter Oh Positive hour nats. ob vw, the = Capacitor gees Charged through for ilara bicwrol Mode Dupto +e waximtun vatu Vuw oh tut wale Signet Vi- “The “Capacitos chor 1m tap eaten ee { whith & pessibk wy Pelechigg vent Watts a Capactey once Pare tee ee, Ree eee“Aus then Ay Re EMAL thput- v lode ¢ nara and outpul- Su che ce Veverar he very herds suis othur Largs » it eu! Ui Period for ter for Jot ta Velut Un she aug Coustaul- A ae Vp = oye tate gs Fad es adatin Bevel caiitouel ton aug) tees cea, Su cto abe ie) cate eras . hh “Spacter Starl— dicey as bead reat R. t A bot oon, the cttput— vetting My =o\. | C ecreayes abter Attaining ae “apacitor yewaius cha ngea to, Vaan D § bxcotues Weverge ‘Siac 4 ‘pus onary Capacitor helds tts emir! Capacitey Veltags remaius as Ve=Viuy VE Veg = Nee a vnepattur ee con be Chargs , anc ako. Viso Ve = Vy Vil = Vnee em (aa) 2 Clam por fice, ; See 4 + o——_|{+— a aa A La ve ee yy i 2 0 : yall ae o So ae rie Durie | re newer, halt Gyete obths im pul—ve Vi, 4nt Aiode op gee forward wiased cd aus Capa ctor gee char: oO the hp Ve thstautan cough zqual to the Wax rcuur PON Ving Fignal Va , é 3 yr Under Steady State Ccouditious we cau writ: Ve = Vi + Vn Wie U2 Oe cali ie Tn the positive “hott Cues , tin choad 6h veviys: bla. Une capacitor stark d ou Wehorgin Aorou a) ech ke The Capacitor hetas ae ae Ok tee Or", fox Vg =0 Vo = Vy, tr VE EVA, Vet avin for VLE By Vg oD Mrs npal— aud cutpub wave foyuwy Ark Showvr. below. oe ‘y __ re+Vua ‘ ec: level Vw adcdkd y Positive clamptr wave forum \ +. 3} can be vewmemrbertd Ghat +hs otal cutpul= Suitn a Meee Soe equal +o th: total inpel— ses ¥ Tr Functou ch RF th +e ee ney +t Capacitey eVvty thi Several Cyclis of mpi Waveform, So thalm TE. Can be charged toa neo ye devel [h she fnpul— cnbleges. ¢ the) ifference between reps And clampi eet B wou apparvenl™. While th! CNB per chips an Unwauted Portiouw Oh the Mpul— waveform the einwapey Fimply Clamps Ahe warximuw oes or een pik +o a desired cc. level.(30), Sketch Ava martpul— aoe cuave-foyue eet aa ye Woe cet, given belous Ri PAP 8 toy tia Gaunt and Siliceu cadtooe oS Vi S oH! a) t We b hav 2b Ma . Seu —y Foy ppoattive read Cy che ot sh trpul the equrval ert - Cet with petaritves aucl Pelential, ark Mee By oe € nv ue eam Vos Vin - Ve = Ma — Ie Vv 5 Thus when Mink = ky Sa, oalite oa and When Vin =-12V ,Vo= -23°BV Th ou Ee cutpul eae wavefout & shown be fAddition © battery th claucper | he Shap Y su outpul— ¢ L a Seed ” r au be controtuo by \additiong Voltage Supply th Atriek Ui-th Hae Atlocke With diy polarity as pry Yequrreutenl a ve di Ze a Vv uy, ] 3 bo Iu the nemative hott, CQycla When vi ZV ,+Hu Hlode lee cBtutes foxy weird Biased - The Capa citer ft. npr estab tates +o Vu-Ves Shouin belero c Unereatter Capacitey retcuw = el Ur charpr, att the tur and 1k Vettag, vermatus at Vs Uu-v & ak ? wo gin Pr NG Kv SIO agua 1C brcxna Lee ae a a c Vo L=O mee =r) Moe Victas Bree 2 Uru Wy peo, Ste ay "it oe +e produce i y sey OH adele} toys Ou 29" © w aa iy 2g) ehowe whey WOE oh sy | we When 4 ee Vix When yl iy ? Vo = Viig—v | = Vy vy, oe » Yo Sy | pegrigt of (Va) added) é £ Ve ftCt) me Xs yan, 1 etttpul= waueforu for —Hay BS vit uu tutu aveforut fox 1 Cred Show beloud ve x » , vi \ >, Aye . i | vi ¥ a re > lor Asawa Ideah Avode, Auring -tu positive halh Gyeb of inpul Whey D Vee > th eck forward biusd and «a qe chaged ty (YeVp) as Bhown oF casera ‘ th ‘ s Vo = Mil oNe = ite. 7 at aad AD foryrev 4 Vo = Vp for VE=0 > Vo=-Ve =-CV-VR) Burin hegative holt Gcle, the Capacitey hordly Akeh es Through R as ROSS tot. Shut te remain charg at 2) with Sawer pelmil{> Ang Vo = = Wis = CU=Ve) eiget Pov Suny EN BV + VR Aan) Vee Ve = -(V-VR)af ‘ in te anc Tekfos, P-o bererwin the currents *1 5 below Ihr Velwork Shown ¢ fav ; si Te + Een eRe SAT RE T Rs 4. Dat p I8V Supply, beh By ane Dy ar forward biasd ac as tht Clrops acvoss bd, Aud Py are oy oy Th Va = OT, hs 1259 wi A Apply ing kvi +o Loop SETS) ory, @oyomieg) ve ac or Tei= (Sy eae By niga ar) tara Deol mA Px aes Sketch thu crutpul— for the ciet given bel To ee jv om see Pay we ex Ee Sv : Due +o battery cock ik torward Bail So Vo= Mies orbeVorcanvie + Seay Min +93 TTL tHe UR rectureta to 993 So When Un 1h Wariniwun Vo = 50+ 9.3 = 593V hen Vin £-93V, tod & revercy, blasrd Voz 0 fers Shr output—- Stach as" al Clippera EEE = ” = a a Int Webwork shou below (32) paseed. ca 3 t Vo pe ie tov! ‘ds Wea Vt S2V tre foc Ik veverg, biased ,Vo= Vis Voz Vy Vi fav € PS — A Sywwelincal 5 laa, Square Were Vows th between +lov Aud ov & tmpresaad Uporrthe Chipptn uk Frew below » Agsuwirx Reson, Ry = 2M and Nits OV. Sketch tnt a Stoke cutpul — ware form. ' i= Wve ae ik veates nau 2SV ,-thy cuba t th yvevers: hiascc) ti-th yveuerse Fesisbaney . 2M-2 aa fon — oe * oe Zuo Applying eve tho VetoV > Le le ow E ao a Loop _ = "hh ee G a, P Xlo” Whiley D - Bie ys £6 ( Ute tov) mH Ts WICESRS vote ais ]rxIob A, Vor A Sie ioe 4 26S. oul Wine Vi og ft £ | ZR % Mare Na, ef ae we ther Ue & less than vp Cfor -v2 haty cyek) ythe hoete | Do Conduchky” wile Cr rewaiy He. Thus Ve=Vp= ota, Volt CF r : eo.” Malttiohé fohiera - A real warethi phiey % oO Yeeh fey circurk tna gives a “ac: ot ctpul— vorrare mee eclely equal +o % aus ipla Of Hrit | peck multi iplers provide hy Mpuk- ac re he ae ° au thexpensive uidinod btainin iia Veit ae | yegqurtyac} “to accetevate he electra brane in | Cathode ray Hebes- “Mey are also Used th Electronic Voltweléys to Convert +h ac bein wreasurzd +o a proportiotal ac: Voltage winich Can bt Tnclicata by the che: wielér. ¥ du fravauta of othe crreutit & hat ft Cau - produce Ya high outpul™ Voeltag, Avoiding re uxt butkiby travsforwer. The Yvariouw veltags vault pliey crauts arn Ca) Voltags clorthler (6) % . ma 5 ler (6) eltags Fri ples Copvertap usa (a> Hal} wave veltage doubler: tae . ia we oly oe Hung Positive ot Gucte 4 Veo Dp tite oe forward biaatal and tht ctode Bp will bx Crna i s reverse bicasd - Te Capacitor c, qt norgc] equal +o Vu. As Da 1h veverst bitssa , next part of the Ckt yematua otis cotinectzd}Fe negative hay cycle af the tipul™ eth dy eeti wiftt be Yevevsrxd bias) auc tht code Bit A capacitor ©). mitt be forward bicied+ So tht uyikt ger Sore equal +o 2Vun: =Nwave Do A eal i le ; eee is Gy iA Be Ee Ine Capacitoy, Cp, Charges equal +o 2 Vu | ay tw Vottagh Mu ou .)G) )adels +o the | typul= vet J. The Capacitor C, veto | | Meloae Vue ho othe Ghia , OUce Chasged - Vai AL Ve Pes Vous Vu = Vw Ar capacitor Charges th atteruati hath Cyctd the Circuit te coud half wave cloubler. Fut wave Poubley circuit — Dunne positive halt Gicte tnt diode DB, & 2. forward bwciared and Capacitor Cy Changes 4quab to Mnae ——— Oe 4 (35) . | 2 Mote megativs halk yche y ths ctocte Do 14 Fforwane veverst biasecl« Bias) le Wha hdete Oy) i 7 a with The capacitor ¢) gens < Be sequal +o Vas itd ( “ht Botari boas Phorre - ( Db, OFF ol eee 2 Bes ale au i A: Rue2Viw ADD) 4 teal ee — © Dp oN The Vettape aaa of the treceeseFor Capacitors c aud ai te Va wil the Pry rab oe of Peas Weve v cuanto re) Ip CS uWiy © he outpul - te Faken ACVosAK 2 Capacitoxa Ih sever Os Voll= Veit Vow = oun eV nei aa gee A’ poor: — > 3 iy Pebic be VA — When load & Coeuneckd , Capacitom Start eae tn eget -tre load ana Capacitor a9 ee 16 Micfiy Sauivalenl~ Capacitance _ CiCo dimes Tis Valuy & less than Madivictual value cy, ano cr. The wMpple factor & (vevgety Proportioual +o +he valut eh filterin Capacitor, Thus ripple factor theveases winiey Celt caler hak vippk cotttele th the oe Ane veotes Oy fitferiiag acheuw f& pour ~ f* 1 Re ee5 Dy Ac = Dial. mput> %|\E d Coa sid ed 7 Dunne first postti ve hole Cycle of sha inpuls tne Hrocke DB, becouses forward biased While Br and D3 Are Yeversg blared. Yhe Capacitor c charg eg Vin Wh potavities as shown nt — B M Py x ot gee mr “ea fee : f Hecpatl ve halt Cycle Oh ae Mpubs tie chede Dr thY forward biased . The Capacitor cy, holds ike enti: chaygs and vettage. remariw at Vue Hence Dumnq She Cepactor Co Reng, eter) FMud s) eV ee eh Ac 3y ue Dron) @ an ate Cy for 4ne next positive holt, Cy che of, the inpul din duéde dg forward bias} “as ¢ yemats ibe charps) and Voltage Fo BV Wik Cy vetatin ito) velHage tO Vu: etocte 8) and py are reverses iG “mM Vua tH Biase) « TAMAS) | Capaditer) cy Se ae to DV eRe for iar) ‘Riasacl D3. eas Aes re She srrttpuli- vo ee QCYORA ee Padi CG aide CB TF ve = Ves Ven VE a antag HENen PF Voy Ook Quadmiply Ac, “os ll agins WUT I Ferg are used th applications, Deka | Helviniau receivers and Cathods ray ibs anode vettage Co ea me The vippl abo lhcveasgs accovding +0 4m | ¢ tevenec) load Curent th vettag! + atic. | Ipecotues Wove PooY And oor- Mence —tneae ckh aye Useful in vevy few Curyenl= appli catious Oe