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UAACO COMMUNITY GARAGE
UAACO
COMMUNITY GARAGE PROJECT
Independent Feasibility Study
Consultants Statement
Wider Impact Consultancy is satisfied that there is a business, social and community case for
investment in a Community Garage (Social Enterprise), managed by an experienced Board and
supported by the Union of African & African Organisations (UAACO) for the benefit of Stoke on
Trent communities.
Edwin Lewis
Wider Impact Consultancy, November 2006
Prepared by Wider Impact Consultancy on behalf of UAACO November 2006

Commissioned by the
Union of African & African Caribbean Organisations (UAACO)
Funded by Stoke on Trent City Council and the European Union
Feasibility Study Conducted by Wider Impact Consultancy

Innovators in Regeneration and Community Well Being
Email: [email protected]
Web Site: www.widerimpact.com
Prepared by Wider Impact Consultancy on behalf of UAACO November 2006

CONTENTS
PAGE NO
1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
2.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2
3.0 TERMS OF REFERENCE 3
4.0 METHODOLOGY 5
5.0 INTRODUCTION 6
6.0 UAACO 7
Mission Statement 7
Aims 7
Objectives 7
Specialist Training 7
7.0 WHAT IS SOCIAL ENTERPRISE 8
8.0 BUSINESS CASE 10
Introduction 10
Business Opportunities 10
Skills and Training 10
Likely Customers 11
Competitors 12
Promoting the Enterprise 12
Start Up Costs 13
Cost of Renting Premises 13
Additional Costs 13
Training Costs 14
Legal Issues 14
Business Start Up 15
Report Findings 16
Conclusion 17
9.0 SOCIAL CASE 18
Wider BME Issues 18

Issues Affecting BME Communities 19
School Leavers 20
NEET Young People 21
Youth Offending 21
Training Opportunities for BME Young People in the Garage
Industry 22
Prepared by Wider Impact Consultancy on behalf of UAACO November 2006 i

BME Potential 22
Willingness to Work in the Garage Industry 23
Views and Support from Parents and Carers 24
Conclusion 25
10.0 COMMUNITY CASE 26
Introduction 26
Stoke on Trent Today 26
Key Issues 26
The City Councils Vision for Stoke on Trent 27
Neighbourhood Issues and Priorities 27
Young Peoples Views 28
Supporting Local Communities 29
Conclusion 29
11.0 PARTNERSHIP STRATEGIES 30
Introduction 30
Advantage West Midlands 30
North Staffordshire Integrated Economic Development Strategy 31
North Staffordshire Regeneration Zone 31
Learning & Skills Council 34
RENEW North Staffordshire 35
Local Strategic Partnership (LSP) 35
Local Enterprise Growth Initiative (LEGI) 37
Stoke on Trent College 37
Students Progress 38
12.0 FUNDING 39
Introduction 39
Purpose of Funding 39
Amount of Funding Required 39
Funding Options 40
Grants 40
Commercial Finance 40
Debt 40
Equity 40
Conclusion 41
13.0 FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES 42
Introduction 42
State Aid 42
European Structural Funds (ESF/ ERDF) 42
Big Lottery Fund 44
Community Buildings Programme 44
Reaching Communities 44
Coalfields Regeneration Trust 44
Prepared by Wider Impact Consultancy on behalf of UAACO November 2006 ii

Britannia Building Society Foundation 45

Co-op Dividend Scheme 45
Esmee Fairbairn Foundation 45
Lloyds TSB Foundation 45
Advantage Community Loan Fund 46
North Staffordshire Risk Capital Fund 46
Michelin Development 47
Conclusion 47
14.0 LEGAL STRUCTURE 48
Introduction 48
Company Option 48
15.0 GOVERNANCE & SUPPORT 49
Introduction 49
UAACO Board SWOT Analysis 49
UAACO Community Garage Board Structure 50
Board Chair 50
Community Garage Manager 51
Community Garage Structure 51
Wider Multi-Agency Support 52
Conclusion 52
16.0 OPTION APPRAISAL 53
17.0 SUMMARY OF REPORT FINDINGS 54
18.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 56
19.0 CONCLUSION 57
APPENDIX 1 – Letter, Stoke on Trent College (i)
APPENDIX 2 – Risk Assessment (ii)
Prepared by Wider Impact Consultancy on behalf of UAACO November 2006 iii

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The concept of providing training facilities for young black African and African Caribbean
young people was borne out of a problem identified by Union of African and African
Caribbean Organisions (UAACO) Board member George Salmon, who is the owner of a
local garage. George Salmon is inundated with requests from such young people,
constantly looking for work experience and employment at his garage.
Whilst he can employ one or two young people at a time, he cannot keep up with the
demand. Unfortunately, the majority of other garages in the area are not as generous as
George and too many disadvantaged BME young people are falling by the way side.
Under the leadership of Thurayya Cahill, UAACO Chief Executive Officer, the UAACO
Board has delivered a Business Plan, which includes the development and delivery of a
Community Garage, which is managed as a ‘not for profit’ social enterprise, ensuring
jobs for local people, which includes disadvantaged young BME people being given
opportunity to enter the garage industry as Apprentices.
Wider Impact Consultancy has been commissioned by UAACO to explore the feasibility
of delivering such a project in Stoke on Trent. Criteria includes there being a business,
social and community case, which demonstrates need and potential support from local
partners, sponsors and funding agencies.
Centre to the business case is the likelihood that the enterprise can be operated as a
‘going concern’, with minimum long term reliance on ever scarce grant funding. In short,
a successful garage business with a long term and certain future. Social good includes
real jobs and vocational training opportunities for disadvantaged young people and a
place which can play a role in cementing community cohesion.
Wider Impact Consultancy has been impressed with levels of interest and potential
support for the project expressed by young people, their parents, support agencies and
the private sector. There is little doubt there is a will to make the project work.
Whilst there is not a strong business case for another garage in Stoke on Trent, there is
demand for a professionally managed, reputable, good value garage business, with
ethics that include supporting disadvantaged BME young people (and wider community
members) into meaningful work and training based on the apprenticeship model.
Most importantly, the criteria has been met and the research has confirmed there is a
strong likelihood that, with initial grant support, the business can ‘stand alone’ within a
two year period.
The study concludes with a recommendation that a new ‘stand alone’ company is
established – THE UAACO COMMUNITY GARAGE, supported by an experienced
Board/Trustees, which will have responsibility to ensure that the venture achieves its
objectives.
There will be obvious challenges ahead for UAACO and the new Board, which includes
establishing a new business venture, which aims to delivery social good in a competitive
market place. This report makes it clear UAACO cannot work alone on this project and
will require support and backing from a wide variety of individuals and organisations.
Prepared by Wider Impact Consultancy on behalf of UAACO November 2006 1

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Wider Impact Consultancy is grateful to the following individuals and organisations that
have supported this feasibility study:
• Advantage West Midlands;

• Adnan Laskar, Staffordshire County Council;
• Alan Button, Staffordshire County Council Fleet Care;
• Andrew Greenhough, Stoke on Trent College;
• Business Brokers;
• Colin Hunton, Economic Development, Stoke on Trent City Council
• Community Representatives/ Parents;
• Connexions Staffordshire;
• David Powell, Enterprise Rent a Car;
• George Salmon, Garage Owner/ UAACO Board Member;
• Groundwork Stoke on Trent;
• Harry Bowyer, Stoke on Trent College;
• InStaffs (UK) Ltd;
• Ikram Ulhaque, Local Strategic Partnership (LSP)
• Jelani Ghulam, Minority Business Association;
• John Beech, Chair North Staffordshire Racial Equality Council;
• Mike Arch, Advantage Community Loan Fund;
• Mike Cole, Michelin;
• Mike Connock, Supply Direct;
• North Staffordshire Chamber of Trade and Industry;
• North Staffordshire Regeneration Zone;
• Parents/ Community Members;
• Rachel Watts, Stoke on Trent City Council;
• RENEW North Staffordshire;
• Rob Redfern, Business Link;
• Silvia McTaggart, Stoke on Trent City Council;
• Staffordshire Learning & Skills Council;
• Staffordshire Police;
• Stoke on Trent City Council Knowledge Management Unit;
• Terry Broadhurst, 4Tec Fabrications, Stoke on Trent;
• Thurayya Cahill, UAACO Chief Executive Officer;
• Tony Lindsay, North Staffordshire Racial Equality Council;
• UAACO Board;
• Youth Offending Team, Stoke on Trent;
• Young People of Stoke on Trent.
Support has included valued access to and provision of data and information, advice,
support, opinions, time and honest feedback.

3. TERMS OF REFERENCE
Objective of the Brief
Part 1 Feasibility Study
1. To produce a detailed feasibility study on ideas for a garage based community

enterprise project in the UAACO Business Plan/Study;
2. To undertake a detailed survey into the need of, and demand by the community,
for a garage based community enterprise project and examine the future
possibilities for the project and present results to the Project Steering Group;
3. To investigate options for providing hands on training and work experience as a

Motor Mechanic and/or a Garage Supervisor/Manager to the disadvantaged
youth, especially African and African Caribbean youths in the CED areas in North
Stoke;
4. To weigh up the options for providing training/work experience through a

community garage facility in North Stoke against factors such as needs and
demand by the community, as well as local garage businesses, management
capacity of UAACO, costs (to set up and run a community facility against possibly
using Stoke College facility and other garage facilities), availability of funding,
time scale, possibly for and level of income generation, etc. and recommend the
best option, with a clear rationale for it;
5. To examine the suitability of the proposed garage site in North Stoke against the
needs for the emerging proposal, cost, security, ownership/legal issues etc.
Part 2 Development/ Business Plan
1. To produce a series of garage layout plans for the purposes of consultations,

presentations and discussions;
2. To identify and prioritise tasks into a realistic and achievable work plan, with
realistic and achievable timescales and budgets;
3. To investigate and produce a five year development/business plan with detailed

technical consideration, scope of the project, governance issues and day to day
running and management structure, staffing capability, other resource
implications, outputs and result indicators, milestones, timescales and financial
cash flow forecasts/projections;
4. To investigate the strategies of the North Staffordshire Regeneration Zone,

RENEW, NRF, Staffordshire Objective 2, P3 (ERDF) Action Plan, Stoke City
Council plans, as potential funders/ partners in the public and private sector and
negotiate with them on the range and scope of the support for the garage based
community enterprise project;

5. To investigate the strategies of Advantage West Midlands, National Lottery

Grants, CRED and other funders and incorporate a fund raising strategy in the
five year development/business plan;
6. In conducting the study, consider other regional, national or international models

which might inform the achievement of a successful garage based community
enterprise as a model for community/economic regeneration and social inclusion
in the UK.

4. METHODOLOGY
The study has commenced with an understanding that a key objective is to assist in
setting up a garage based community enterprise (social enterprise) project in the North
Stoke area.
Following initial discussions with the project group, it was agreed that a key aim is:
The garage based social enterprise project will be established as a profitable

business that, after initial set up, is capable of trading in the open market with
minimal reliance on external grants.
Understanding the importance of the project achieving social good, the research has
focussed on establishing if the following components are in place within Stoke on Trent
and surrounding areas, which will support investment in the project:
1. A Business Case
2. A Social Case
3. A Community Case
Methods used to deliver this feasibility study have included:
• Desk research;
• Analysis of wide ranging data and information;
• Site visits (e.g. garage premises);
• Meetings with members of key support agencies;
• Work Shops:
o Young People
o Parents
o UAACO Board
• Presentation/ information sharing ‘breakfast briefing’ with key agency members.

Sponsored by the Business Brokers.

5. INTRODUCTION
Wider Impact Consultancy is pleased to have access to Stoke on Trent City Council
report, Developing Skills in the City, A Study of Employability for Local Public Service
Level Agreement Steering Group.
The report makes important links between thoughts around learning and development of
both the employer and the employee, pointing out aims to support business
sustainability and personal employability, whilst encouraging wider community
participation.
As a social enterprise, the Community Garage project will primarily be a business that
does social good. It is therefore important that the project team understand they have
an opportunity to create a vibrant and sustainable business, which has potential to play a
role in improving the economic and social capital of Stoke on Trent.
It is of course important the project team understands the challenges ahead. Section 8
spends time outlining the challenges of creating a new business, in particular a garage
enterprise.
Wider Impact Consultancy recommends the project team take note of recommendations
outlined within the Developing Skills in the City report, which include:
• Fundamental to business, both existing businesses within the City and potential
inward investors, is a labour force with key skills, together with a willingness to
develop those skills further.
• Learning can offer everyone within any organisation, large or small, the
opportunity to be an active player, introducing people to ideas or skills that can
be developed. Most importantly, within the City of Stoke on Trent, developing
skills within the workforce will provide the impetus for change.
Based on such recommendations and further research, Wider Impact Consultancy has
approached this research as an opportunity for the Community Garage project to
support/link with wider regeneration programmes and initiatives within the City to
become directly involved in the ‘impetus for change’ recommended within the above
report.
In short, the Community Garage project is an important and unique opportunity to:
1. Create a vibrant new business within the City of Stoke on Trent;
2. To employ and train local disadvantaged young people; and
3. Become an example of good practice for other projects to follow.

6. UNION OF AFRICAN & AFRICAN CARIBBEAN ORGANISATIONS (UAACO)
Mission Statement
To improve the quality of life of African, African Caribbean people and the community in
cultural appropriate ways in the areas of:
• Health
• Social care
• Education
• Training
• Business
• Employment
Aims
Through the umbrella organisation, UAACO aims to provide information, advice, and
intellectual capital, including capacity building and research support to member
organisations. This service will promote awareness in the above six areas, enhancing
positive partnerships for sustainable social inclusion in the community.
Objectives
To provide:
• Support and help in the management of member organisations;

• Culturally sensitive response to member organisations in the form of support,
training, education in the management of their projects;
• Establish a strategy for fund raising for member organisations;
• Develop a range of training initiatives to meet the service aims;
• Promote a range of training opportunities to enable member organisations to gain
confidence and access funding opportunities;
• Conduct research around the needs of African and African-Caribbean
communities as well as unmet needs;
• Disseminate research findings and promotion of good practice models of project
development and to share experiences;
• Monitor and evaluate the impact of this model of service delivery.
Specialist Training Available
• Diabetes /Hypertension
• Sickle Cell
• Mental Health
• Sexual Health
• Educational Development
• Personal Development
• Counselling
• BME Consultation

7. WHAT IS SOCIAL ENTERPRISE
The UK Government definition is:
Businesses with primary social objectives, whose surpluses are principally

reinvested for that purpose in the business or in the community, rather than being
driven by the need to maximise profit for shareholders and owners.
Well known social enterprises include Café Direct and the Co-operative Group, and
there are a wide range of projects operating in a wide range of industries from farmers
markets and recycling companies to transport providers and childcare.
The social enterprise sector is incredibly diverse, encompassing co-operatives,

development trusts, community enterprises, housing associations, football supporters’
trusts, social firms and leisure trusts, among others. As a result social enterprises use a
wide variety of legal forms; some incorporate as companies whilst others take the form
of industrial and provident societies.
According to figures from the Government's Annual Small Business Survey 2005 and
existing data for the social enterprise sector, there are at least 55,000 social enterprises
in the UK with a combined turnover of £27billion per year. Social enterprises account for
5% of all businesses with employees and contribute £8.4billion per year to the UK
economy - almost 1% of annual GDP.
Social enterprises share a number of common characteristics:
• Enterprise orientation – they are directly involved in producing goods or

providing a service to a market;
• Social aims – they have explicit social aims such as job creation, training and
the provision of local services. Their ethical values may include a commitment to
building skills in local communities. Their profits are principally reinvested to
achieve their social objectives;
• Social ownership – many social enterprises are also characterised by their

social ownership. They are autonomous organisations whose governance and
ownership structures are normally based on participation by stakeholder groups
(e.g. employees, users, clients, local community groups and social investors), or
by trustees or directors who control the enterprise on behalf of a wider group of
stakeholders. They are accountable to their stakeholders and the wider
community for their social, environmental and economic impact. Profits can be
distributed as profit sharing to stakeholders, or used for the benefit of the
community.

Potential Role Community Based Organisations
Wider Impact Consultancy has taken time to explore potential ‘ownership’ of the
Community Garage project, which will without doubt be classed as a ‘social enterprise’.
As a new and developing business, the project will require leadership, direction and
governance. Staff will require an employer and line management.
As already outlined, in addition to being a ‘business’, the Community Garage project will
be expected to deliver ‘community good’, e.g.
• Employment and training for disadvantaged young people;
• Reinvesting ‘profits’ for the benefit of local communities;
• Community confidence/ capacity building;
• Community cohesion.
It is of course essential that the host company has the skills, experience, capacity and
will to deliver such complex and ambitious outcomes. Such issues will be explored
within Section 15 of this report.

8. BUSINESS CASE
Introduction
Accepting the garage based social enterprise project will be ‘established as a profitable
business that, after initial set up, is capable of trading in the open market with minimal
reliance on external grants’, it is important to understand:
• The economic environment the garage will be operating within; and

• The practicalities of establishing such an enterprise.
Wider Impact Consultancy is grateful to:
• The North Staffordshire Chamber of Commerce and Industry and Business

Link, for providing information, which includes a ‘Business Opportunity Profile’ of
the car maintenance and repair sector;
• Alan Button, General Manager, Staffordshire County Council Fleet Care;
• Rob Redfern, Business Advisor, Business Initiative, for advice relating to

company structure and cash flow analysis;
• Harry Bowyer (Programme Manager, Stoke on Trent College Motor Vehicle

Section Internal Verifier for all subjects in Motor Vehicle at College and City &
Guilds External Verifier), for providing detailed information regarding setting up a
garage project;
• Terry Broadhurst, retired Managing Director, 4Tec Fabrications (Stoke on

Trent), for providing practical information regarding business set up and
sustainability.
Business Opportunities
A garage offering car maintenance and repair, may provide a general service tackling
vehicle servicing and a range of repairs for any make of car, or may specialise in a
particular area, such as engine, tyres, exhaust, gearbox, or brakes. Alternatively, a
garage may specialise in a particular make of car. In addition to servicing and repair
work, garages may offer MOT testing, valeting, body repair and repainting services.
Skills and Training
Wider Impact Consultancy has taken it as a ‘given’ that the project will be established on
‘quality’ and ‘professionalism’. It is therefore clear that those employed in the garage
MUST be trained to appropriate levels. It is accepted in the industry that much of the
training is completed ‘on the job’, often during an apprenticeship within a working
garage. Qualifications include:

• S/NVQ level 1 and 2 in Vehicle Fitting, which covers fast fit, tyre fitting and
installing automotive electrics;
• S/NVQ level 1 and 3 in Vehicle Maintenance and Repair, which covers all
aspects of mechanical and electrical repair for light and heavy vehicles and
motorcycles;
• S/NVQ level 2 and 3 in Motor Vehicle Body and Paint Operations, which covers
the stripping and rebuilding of vehicles, body repair and finishing;
• S/NVQ level 1 to 3 in Vehicle Parts Operations, which is a new qualification
covering the function and upkeep of parts used in modern vehicles.
A range of specialist qualifications covering, for example, tyre and exhaust fitting, are
also available. These can form part of a Modern Apprenticeship scheme to those under
24 years. Candidates can also opt to take further technical certificates, or the
Progression Award in Automotive Vehicle Servicing and Repair at levels 1, 2 and 3.
Likely Customers
• Private owners of new vehicles often approach an independent garage for

routine annual servicing and as their vehicles pass mileage milestones.
Consumer spending on new cars is currently riding high, with low interest rates
and garage based ‘deals’ encouraging more consumers to acquire loans and
long term credit agreements. The removal of the ‘Block Exemption’ clause
committing new car owners to have their cars serviced at dealership garages has
boosted the potential for independent garages to service new cars.
• Older and used vehicles owners will always need regular attention as their cars
age. Older cars still require servicing every twelve months and repairs and parts
replacement are also more likely. MOT testing is required by law on vehicles
over three years old. Such customers are also likely to approach for quotes on
installing extras such as immobilisers, security systems and in car entertainment
systems.
• Both older and used vehicle owners will require pre-winter servicing in order to
check tyre treads headlights and other wear and tear before the onset of the cold
weather. Equally, the winter months can cause a range of damage and owners
will also want their cars checking over in preparation for summer holidays.
• Motorists with little knowledge or experience of working with cars may

approach for a range of small tasks, such as changing engine oil prior to long
journeys, or checking tyre pressures.
• Businesses running company cars or fleets will require regular maintenance

and servicing work, as well as annual MOTs on older vehicles.
• Car rental businesses that do not employ in-house mechanics may use an
independent garage for routine servicing of their fleet as well any repair work.

Competitors (Generic)
• New and used car dealerships;

• Major chains, such as Kwik Fit;
• Other independent servicing garages.
Competitors (North Staffordshire)
As anticipated, there are no shortages of garages within the North Staffordshire area.
Whilst no one agency is able to provide precise details of numbers, or type of
businesses, research on business website pages reveals:
• UK Business Directory - 162

• Yellow Pages – 133
• Access Place – 182
Research into services on offer reveals no gaps in services available to customers.
As the research does not take into account details of garages not registered with the
above web based companies, it will be a fair assumption that there are in excess of 200
potential competitors within the North Staffordshire area.
Promoting the Enterprise
In such a competitive field, it is essential that any new business ‘stands out’ from the
rest, if it is to compete and survive.
In an industry plagued by customer complaints and a negative image regarding poor

service and rogue traders, it is essential to impress potential customers with a
professional approach whilst the business gets established. Clearly the simplest way
is to offer:
• Consistently high quality and reliable service;

• A clean and tidy premises;
• A friendly rapport with each customer;
• Competitive pricing.
North Staffordshire Chamber of Commerce and Industry/Business Link guidance also

includes developing mutually supportive relationships with others involved in the motor
trade. This could include independent new and used car dealers, car body shops, parts
suppliers and local mechanics.
A ‘unique’ feature of this project will clearly be its ‘social good’, which has potential for
positive marketing, attracting support form socially minded companies and individuals.

Start Up Costs
The largest initial expense will be suitable premises, which will require:
• Sufficient garage space with several spacious work bays (high enough to elevate
cars);
• Outdoor space for parking;
• Adequate storage space for vehicles and equipment.
Options include purchasing or renting premises, which may require adapting or updating.
In appropriate cases, planning permission will be required from the local authority for
change of use, or updating facilities.
Cost of Renting Premises
Whilst cost of purchasing land and/or premises in North Stoke cannot be accurately
estimated until a suitable location is identified/confirmed, rental costs can be estimated
based on details of ten available premises supplied by InStaffs (UK) Ltd.
The research indicates there are a number of potential rental sites suitable within the
Stoke on Trent area, including premises within the Groundwork Stoke on Trent
Enterprise Centre.
The average rent for suitable premises is £9,000 per year, or between £2 to £5 per
square foot. Such estimates do not include rates or service charges.
Additional Costs
A comprehensive range of tools and repair equipment will be essential and represents a
considerable expense. Included will be complete hand tool kits and at least one engine
lift and stand, a series of ramps and car jacks and at least one vehicle lift.
Safety equipment is important, which will include protective clothing such as overalls,
face shields, goggles, gloves and heavy duty boots.
Should the business acquire approved repair status with an insurance company or
vehicle manufacturer, related costs will be high. For example manufacturers are likely to
stipulate expensive training courses, branding on the premises and use of specialist
equipment. Costs can run into thousands of pounds.
There will be a likely requirement for repair estimating and diagnostic software, which
gain can cost thousands of pounds. Repair estimating software will be supplied by
manufacturers who since October 2005 have been legally obliged to provide the
information at reasonable costs. It is important to be aware of the increasing reliance on
soft ware in the garage industry and to be prepared to make necessary investments.
Costs will also include setting up and equipping a separate office(s), with a reception
area where customers can wait whilst work is done on their cars. Basic furniture can of
course be purchased second hand.

Other essential equipment will include:
• Electronic till and facilities for accepting credit and debit cards. There will be a
need to consider utilising chip and PIN enabled equipment, as from January 2005
business that do not accept the new cards will be held liable for the financial
losses resulting from fraud committed on their premises;
• Computer, printer, telephone/ answering machine, mobile phone(s);
• Insurance costs, including public liability and employers liability;
• Employee wages and training.
As an estimate, it is anticipated capital costs of equipping a garage will be in the region

of £50,000 (Source: Harry Bowyer, Stoke on Trent College/ Supply Direct, UK Garage
Equipment Supplier).
Training Costs
At the present time, costs relating to employing Apprentices are met by the employer.
Apprentice style training is met by the Government and delivered by providers such as
Stoke on Trent College.
It should be noted that whilst in training (and particularly during early years), Apprentices
generally have limited revenue earning potential for the business and often reduce the
earning potential of supervising staff, as they monitor and check their work.
Legal Issues
Trading and consumer legislation is central to this type of business. It must comply with
the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 (as amended), which states that the
services provided must be carried out with reasonable care and skill, within reasonable
time frame and at reasonable cost. The Act is amended by the Sale of Goods Act 1994,
which says that any parts or equipment supplied must be satisfactory quality.
The business must also comply with the Consumer Project Act 1987, which makes
suppliers and manufacturers responsible for harm or loss caused by defective goods and
protects consumers against misleading pricing. The Trade Description Act 1988 also
prohibits businesses from advertising a service it cannot supply.
Many garages offering repairs and servicing provide courtesy cars for customers. This
inevitably involves arranging temporary motor insurance. In such cases all businesses
involved with selling, arranging or recommending insurance policies must be registered
with and approved by the Financial Services Authority (FSA).
The Data Protection Act 1968 will also apply when records are kept of customers or
suppliers.

Another important area is Health and Safety. Those responsible for the business must
be aware of:
• The Health & Safety at Work etc. Act 1974;

• The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992;
• The Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992;
• The Lifting and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (setting specific
standards for the maintenance of garage equipment);
• The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH)
will apply to any repair work involving toxic substances, such as battery acid,
metallic paint and engine coolant.
The business will also need to comply with the chosen Trade Associations Code of
Practice.
Since October 2004, any business with premises open to the public, or any business
that employs staff, falls under the remit of the extensions to the Disability
Discrimination Act 1995 (amendment) Regulations 2003, the Disability Discrimination
Act (Pensions) Regulations 2003 and the Discrimination (Employment Field) Leasehold
Premises) Regulations 2004, which prescribes that business premises must not obstruct
access for disabled customers or employees. The amendments apply to all businesses
and compliance may mean carrying out structural modifications or installing new
equipment such as disabled bathroom facilities and ramps etc.
Business Start Up
Appendix 1 (report Harry Bowyer), provides a brief feasibility report, which although
centred within the Shelton area, provides an insight into the type of business the
enterprise should pursue:
• Small garage, offering service for the second hand market;

• Small repairs for vehicles over three years not covered by Main Agent warranty;
• MOT repairs.
Whilst competition from other garages will be an issue, it is apparent new business
opportunities will be created as a result of RENEW North Staffordshire, which aims to
build hundreds of new homes in the North Staffordshire area (see Section 10).
Set up costs have potential to be high, which will include:
• Purchase/lease of premises;
• Equipping the garage (dependent on opportunities to develop an existing
business, or ‘start from scratch’);
• Employing/training staff;
• Legal costs.

There is no doubt, as a ‘business’ the Community Garage project will be vulnerable

during early months, as it will not have a track record of delivery.
The enterprise will be deemed ‘self sufficient’ when it earns sufficient revenue to cover
its costs, including the financial costs of servicing any loans. Self sufficiency allows
greater flexibility in terms of legal structure and commercial funding sources. However,
experience is demonstrating that even when social enterprises have the potential to
become self sufficient, they usually need a few years to reach that point and will require
grant support during that period.
The sustainability of a social enterprise has to be considered in line with its social
mission and its business model. Some social enterprises may never earn enough
money to become fully self sufficient, but because of their social mission can expect to
have continued access to grants that, together with their earned income, will cover costs.
REPORT FINDINGS
Premises
It has become clear the best option will be rent a premises, rather than attempt to
purchase land/and or a new premises. Enquiries reveal there are a number of premises
in the area that could be suitable for such use.
Early enquiries have identified an ideal premises within the Groundwork Stoke on Trent
Enterprise Centre situated in Burslem. Costs are competitive and are close to training
facilities at Stoke on Trent College.
Size of Business
Based on report findings, which include initial cash flow analysis, it is recommended that
the business ‘starts small’ with opportunity to grow. In such case, the new business will
initially be able to employ 7.5 staff from within Stoke on Trent/North Staffordshire
communities:
• Garage/Project Manager
• Part-Time Administrative Support
• 3 Experienced Mechanics
• 3 Apprentices
Profitability
Based on a number of assumptions, e.g. competitive hourly charging rate, trading

restrictions due to size of the business and the availability of ‘start up’ grant funding,
initial cash flow analysis indicates the business will start to ‘stand alone’ as a business at
the end of second year trading.

Sustainability
The research has indicated the business will be in a position to consider growth in terms
of turnover and re-location at the end of the third year of trading; with the likelihood of
healthy reserves, to support development costs.
Based on initial cash flow analysis, it is likely the business will be in a position to employ
and support training for three further Apprentices at the start of year four trading.
The above findings will be presented in a separate Business Plan, which will outline
capital/revenue costs and projected sales.
Conclusion
Whilst there is no compelling business case to launch a new garage venture in the North
Stoke area, there appears no reason why such a venture cannot work (particularly in
view of future opportunities to be created by RENEW North Staffordshire), providing
the business delivers:
• Consistently high quality, reliable service;

• A clean and tidy premises;
• A friendly rapport with each customer;
• Competitive pricing;
• Social good.
It is apparent that the business should ‘start small’ and cater for niche markets, which
includes:
• Service for the second hand market;

• Small repairs for vehicles over three years not covered by ‘Main Agent’ warranty;
• MOT repairs.
As a ‘not for profit’ enterprise, the business will be in a position to support vocational,
Apprentice based training for local BME (and wider community members) young people.
The business has the potential to ‘stand alone’ with minimal reliance on grant aid at the
end of year two.
It is clear that the garage industry is a specialist area to trade in and the Community
Garage project will clearly require:
• Qualified and dynamic ‘front line’ personnel to manage the business and deliver
services;
• A qualified and dynamic ‘back room’ team, to ensure the business stays on track,
achieving business and social objectives.

9. SOCIAL CASE
Introduction
Understanding the aims and objectives of key agencies, potential sponsors and funders
(see Sections 11. 12 and 13), it is essential that there is a compelling social case for
development of the Community Garage project. Whilst anecdotal evidence suggests
such a case, Wider Impact Consultancy has taken opportunity to examine the social
case, paying particular attention to wider BME issues.
Stoke on Trent is characterised by:
• Extremely high levels of worklessness (the March employment rate for the City
was 70% (74.2% nationally);
• Low levels of skills (42.7% of the population aged 16-74 have no qualifications);
• Low levels of enterprise (the City has one of the lowest business start up rates in
England);
• Low levels of incomes (just 79.25% of the English average);
Wider BME Issues
Wider Impact Consultancy is grateful to the Stoke on Trent Local Strategic Partnership
(LSP), which kindly provided access to data and information outlined in a discussion
paper, The Enabling Black and Minority Ethnic Potential, produced at 2005 multi-
agency workshop.
As the paper outlines, Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) communities have been a part of
the City for a very long time and are mainly concentrated in the most deprived
neighbourhoods.
Tables 1 to 3 (Source: Stoke on Trent City Council Knowledge Management Unit),

outline the percentage of Black and Minority communities within Stoke on Trent and a
breakdown of statistics from the 2001 census.
Table 1
Black & Minority Ethnic 6.4% 15,439
Table 2
Description %
1 Pakistani 41.2
2 Indian 7.1
3 Black Caribbean 4.0
4 Bangladeshi 3.7
5 Chinese 2.6
6 Black African 1.8
Other 39.6

Table 3
1 P a k i s ta n i
O th e r 1 P a k i s ta n i 2 In d i a n
3 B la c k C a rrib e a n
4 C a rib e a n
6 B la c k 5 C h in e s e
A fr i c a n 6 B l a c k A fr i c a n
2 In d i a n
5 C h in e s e O th e r
3 B la c k
4 C a rib e a n C a rrib e a n
It is estimated over forty languages are spoken within the City. After English, the
predominant languages are Urdu, Punjabi, Hindi and Bengali.
Issues Affecting BME Communities
Issues affecting the BME communities can be summed up by taking the multiple
deprivation indicators in the City and adding at least ten percentage points, whether it
relates to worklessness, education, health, income or crime.
Table 4 provides a useful illustration.
Table 4
% % %
Description White BME Pakistani
Economically Active 61.7 50.7 42.9

Economically Inactive 38.3 49.5 57.0
Qualifications Level 1 16.23 13.05
Qualifications Level 2 17.3 14.36
Whilst the above statistics outline headlines rates relating to BME communities, the
Stoke on Trent City Council Developing Skills in the City report, paints a picture
regarding young peoples’ perception of training and skills development.
For example, anecdotal evidence revealed an indication that whilst individuals were
keen to gain a qualification, after qualifying they expressed the view that few
qualifications were needed for the jobs on offer in the Stoke on Trent area.
A number of students expressed their preference for the NVQ modular structure and
most enjoyed learning in the workplace.

School Leavers
Wider Impact Consultancy is grateful to have access to data kindly supplied by

Connexions Staffordshire, which relates to a November 2005 ‘snapshot’ analysis of all
Stoke on Trent sixteen year old school leavers.
Table 5 provides a summary of those known to be available to the local labour market.
Table 5
Description
Males 537 62%

Females 326 38%
Total 863
Asian British 33 3.8%
Black British 5 0.6%
Mixed 6 0.7%
White 812 94.1%
Not stated 7 0.8%
Table 6 provides a snapshot of their activities.
Table 6
Description
In some from of full time 542 62.8%

employment or training
Not in any substantial activity
(more commonly described as 321 37.2%
NEET young people)
Total 863
The characteristics of this inactive group of 321 NEET young people are:
Gender Males 60% Females 40%
Ethnicity White 95% Black and Minority Ethnic Groups 5%

Table 7 provides an overall picture of Stoke on Trent sixteen to nineteen year olds
currently listed as ‘NEET’ (not in education, employment or training).
Table 7
Ethnic Group % NEET NEET Total

Count Group
Asian British 13% 73 560
Black British 20% 16 80
Mixed 20% 5 25
Source of data for tables 1 to 3: Annual School Leaver Activity Survey November 2005
(Connexions Staffordshire)
Summary
Whilst numbers of BME young people seem low, compared to total numbers, as will be
indicated below, they are high relative to wider BME communities in Stoke on Trent.
Youth Offending
Wider Impact Consultancy is grateful to receive data kindly collated by the Stoke on
Trent Youth Offending Services Team. Table 8 provides a breakdown of 2005 youth
offenders, offences and interventions by ethnicity.
Table 8
Total Youth % % % % %
Offenders White Mixed Asian/ Black/ Unknown/
Asian Black Other
British British
696 91.7 1.5 3.4 0.2 0.7
Total
Offences
2023 91.1 2.3 4.0 2.3 0.1
Total
Interventions
1832 91.5 2.6 3.9 1.6 -

Comment - Whilst BME youth offending/interventions appear low, compared to the white
population, percentages reflect the BME population in Stoke on Trent (see table 1),
which, highlight the importance of ensuring BME youth have equal access to
opportunities.
Training Opportunities for BME Young People
Research has revealed that at any given point within Stoke on Trent, circa fifty-five
young people are taking part in vocational, ‘Apprentice’ style garage based training.
At the present time (November 2006) it is believed that only two are from BME
communities and none are from African, African Caribbean backgrounds.
It should be borne in mind there are believed to be over two hundred garages within
Stoke on Trent (See Section 8). Based on one Apprentice per garage (a number of
garages employ more than one Apprentice), this indicates only 27.5% of local garages
are providing garage based Apprentice opportunities for local young people and virtually
nil are providing such opportunities for BME young people (source: Stoke on Trent
College).
BME Potential
There is general agreement within Stoke on Trent that the potential shown by BME
communities is untapped. In terms of qualifications at higher levels the BME
communities are doing well, but still face barriers in terms of gaining employment in the
mainstream, which forces them into low skilled markets.
It must be a concern that young people from BME communities suffer from low
educational attainment and high unemployment in Stoke on Trent. The Pakistani and
Bangladeshi pupils are particularly under achieving at Key Stage 3, which is subject to
Local Public Services Agreement (LSPA). Anecdotal evidence suggests BME young
people are increasingly involved with drug abuse, which is one of the real concerns
within the community and the situation is further exacerbated by the cultural stigma
attached, which leads to the community suffering in silence.
Women from the BME communities have their own particular needs and are faced with
barriers to participate socially and economically. Some of the most common reasons
cited for this are cultural and religious requirements, which are not understood and
therefore not catered for in the mainstream public and private organisations.
It is noticeable that Stoke on Trent BME communities display a propensity to enter into
business at twice the rate of their white counterparts. The businesses they start are more
often in response to a Market need, which they are satisfying, than because they have
no other viable employment option. Subsequently they can fail to make good use of
‘traditional’ business support services and do not achieve organic growth.
As highlighted at the LSP workshop, key challenges include tackling poor BME
educational attainment, connecting people into work, integrated skills and employment
systems, health and social care and inequalities, whilst tackling discrimination and
ensuring better ethnicity monitoring.

Community Consultation
The study has taken opportunity to explore why BME young people seem to be put off
pursuing careers in the garage industry during a workshop (12th August 2006), attended
by twenty BME young people, arranged as part of feasibility study research.
Wider Impact Consultancy was impressed with the young peoples’ interest in the subject
and the energy and commitment during the workshop.
The following are responses from the group when asked, ‘What is preventing you
working in local garages?’
• Lack of placements • Only one type of • Public seeing us as

• Not enough finance in study robbing mechanics
garages • Not enough • Motivation
• No skilled tutors to motivate information given to • Fear of failure
BME workers people about • Put down negative
• No BME employers courses and how to influence
• No guaranteed pass, or job gain skills • Lack of empowerment
after • Usual stereo types • Lack of confidence
• Too long to earn a • Under • Under representation
qualification representation • Discrimination
• Not enough funding for • Lack of unity • Climate
people to be trained • Image! • Unfair dismissal
• Are there enough trainers to • Not seen as young • Not putting our
give me the essential skills I professionals qualifications into
need? consideration
Willingness to Work in the Garage Industry
During the same workshop, the young people were questioned about their willingness to
pursue a career in the garage industry.
The following are responses from the young people when asked, ‘Why does a career in
the garage industry appeal to you?’
• Interest in cars X 2 • You will become • Skills

• Knowledge of cars skilled in a valuable • Regular wage
• A good trade X3 trade • Dad’s job
• Good money X2 • A lot of youths are • Maybe open own
• To achieve a grade on JSA (Job garage
• More communication skills Seekers Allowance) • Keep busy
• Help with English and can’t find right • Gets you off the
• Work experience career path streets
• Get job – new technology • There are a lot of • Need sense of PRIDE
• A flexible trade black mechanics • To help others
about, but get •
• You can get set up, technical To be seen as a
knocked back from professional
problems
jobs due to lack of
• Safety, get money, training
knowledge

Views and Support from Parents and Carers
Wider Impact Consultancy recognises that the UAACO Board are themselves parents/
carers/grandparents and represent the wider African/African Caribbean communities of
Stoke on Trent.
Whilst there is strong support for the project from the Board, which has been recorded;
opportunity has also been taken to meet with a sample group of eight local parents on
the 23rd August 2006 (which included a white/ British parent). Held at UAACO, details of
the meeting had been publicised within local communities, as an ‘open meeting’.
The majority of the group were aware of the project and had previously been discussing
the subject with other local parents. Format of the meeting was a discussion group, with
Wider Impact Consultancy taking notes.
Whilst the group was not a large group in terms of numbers and was not as ‘energetic’
as their siblings, in terms of points made, outputs were well thought out and reasoned.
When asked, ‘Why would you support your children entering the garage industry?’
responses were:
• Secure income • Working in a safe place

• Good wages • Self respect
• Full time job • Role model for the
• Skilled job young
• High quality training
• Good prospects
• Working towards a high
standard of profession
When asked, ‘What is standing in their way?’ responses were:
• Most garages are family • Discrimination

businesses • Lack of confidence
• Finances • Fear
• Lack of placement • Not able to sell
opportunities themselves
• No time to train students • Faces don’t fit
• Lack of understanding
of young black males

Conclusion
Wider Impact Consultancy is satisfied there is a strong social case for development of a
Community Garage project, linked to supporting BME communities, based on:
• Stoke on Trent is currently ranked the eighteenth most deprived Local Authority
area in the Country;
• Extremely high levels of worklessness (the March employment rate the City was
70% (74.2% nationally);
• Low levels of skills (42.7% of the population aged 16-74 have no qualifications);
• Low levels of enterprise (the City has one of the lowest business start up rates in
England);
• Low levels of incomes (just 79.25% of the English average);
• BME communities are mainly concentrated in the most deprived neighbourhoods;
• High levels of economic activity amongst BME communities;
• Low levels of academic achievement among BME communities;
• Potential shown by BME communities being untapped
• Preference amongst potential target groups/potential employees for vocational,

work based training;
• A will by BME young people (and their parents/carers) to enter the garage
industry;
• Apparent barriers in place preventing BME young people entering the industry,
which the Community Garage project has potential to overcome.

10. COMMUNITY CASE
Introduction
As will be highlighted, meetings with key agencies such as the Racial Equality Council,
the Minority Business Association, Stoke on Trent City Council and most significantly
BME young people, highlight the importance of the Community Garage project being
inclusive for all young people and wider community members. Wider Impact
Consultancy has therefore taken opportunity to establish if there is a community case for
the project.
Stoke on Trent Today
Stoke on Trent came into being in 1910 when the six pottery towns of Tunstall, Burslem,
Hanley, Stoke upon Trent, Fenton and Longton were united under a single authority.
The City has considerable challenges to overcome. The disappearance of local coal
and steel production and increased outsourcing of ceramic manufacture to Third World
countries, point to a need for integrated long term strategies to stabilise the local
economy and drive it forward.
The City’s population lives in around 108,000 households. 15,439 (6.4%) of the
population are from non white ethnic minorities.
Stoke on Trent is currently ranked the eighteenth most deprived Local Authority area
in the Country. Around 63,000 people in the City live in areas that are in the 10% most
deprived wards in England and 186,000 people feature in the most 20% most deprived
wards in the country.
Key Issues:
• A declining population due to decreasing birth rate, an aging population and

people moving out of the City;
• Poor quality older terraced housing with a limited range of different types of
properties;
• A declining employment base with the need to attract quality inward investment;
• Health inequalities e.g. those with the poorest health have the least access to
services;
• Under achievement in education, a narrow skills base and a lack of access to
services;
• Widespread multiple deprivation (poverty, poor housing, unemployment, low
skills etc.) with hotspots in certain areas;
• Poor quality environment, widespread dereliction and poor infrastructure and
transport systems;
• Poor image and lack of pride in the City.

The City Councils Vision for Stoke on Trent
‘By 2014 Stoke on Trent will be a thriving and diverse City, within a confident,
competitive and inclusive City Region where people want to live, work and study’
A range of priorities have been identified and grouped into themes that work towards a:
• Healthy City
• Safer City
• Learning City
• Wealthier City
• Green City
• Strong Sense of Community
Neighbourhood Issues and Priorities
Table 8 is summary of neighbourhoods/ wards, most prolifically targeted for priority

interventions as indicated. Criteria are linked to weakest, weak and average categories
in the Local Index of Deprivation.
Table 8
Neighbourhood Ward Health Education Employ’ Housing Crime Liveability
Burslem Burslem South 9 9 9 9 9
Forest Park Burslem South 9 9 9 9 9
Meir North Weston and Meir 9 9 9 9 9

North
Bentilee Bentilee and 9 9 9 9
Townsend
Abbey Hulton Abbey Green 9 9 9 9
Blurton and Blurton 9 9 9 9

Newstead
Middleport and Burslem North 9 9 9 9 9
Longport Burslem South
Tunstall
Meir South Meir Park and 9 9 9
Sandon
Shelton North Hanley West and 9 9 9 9 9
and Eturia Shelton
Chell Heath Chell and 9 9 9
Packmoor
Northwood Northwood and 9 9
Birches Head
Source: Stoke on Trent LSP Multi Agency Workshop, 20 January 2005
Comment It seems appropriate that initiatives such as the Community Garage project
are sited within, or close to one of the above listed neighbourhoods.

Young Peoples Views
As already highlighted, Wider Impact Consultancy has taken opportunity to explore what
a Community Garage will mean to the lives of the BME young people surveyed at the
workshop (12th August 2006).
It will be noted that the young people who were surveyed, are extremely keen to ensure
the project is open to the wider community, not just to BME young people.
The following are responses from the group when asked, ‘What will be the advantages
if a UAACO managed Community Garage is opened in Stoke on Trent?’
• Positive role model for black • Communication • BME is a life style and
people in the community X2 • Able to understand not just colour so a
• A chance to create positive each other with BME employer can
BME role models X2 language understand a white
• Give young BME a focus • Trainers to person who lives a
• Taking advantage of diverse understand BME BME life
skills people • A black garage can
• To build cohesion in the • A face in the make the community
community community where understand they have
• Make the community aware people don’t feel potential to achieve
that young people are aiming threatened or something
to improve their community intimidated to gain • To turn BME students
• Gives youngsters a positive qualifications into tutors and trainers
role in the community • Generate jobs in the • Serving black
• The garage will also be a kind community community
of community centre • Positive contribution • BME employer will
as long as open to everyone to the community understand BME
• Everyone is equal and free • Improves issues
and empowered and also a deprivation • Freedom to accessing
sense of achievement • Deters young BME the garage for black
• Good for the community males from crime people
• The garage is beneficial for • Creating • Sense of ownership
the people in the community, opportunities • If it is the professional
no matter what race, • Sense of belonging and the black
nationality or colour for BME students community will support
• Equal opportunities for • BME will learn the project
everyone economic well being • A black owned garage
• Demand in the community for • For people to gain where no matter what
training skills they do not nationality can go and
have at present be treated fairly

The young people were also asked, ‘What is on your ‘wish list’ in terms of your lives
as members of Stoke on Trent communities?’
• Fulfil my goals and dreams • Do work/ dream job • A permanent work I

• To do something where I’ll • Being your own can buy a car and own
have a sense of achievement boss my home and house
• Help people in society • My own business • Purpose and meaning
• Work with people in need • Guaranteed • Achievement
• To guide future generations employment X2 • Gain equality
• To become tutors • Decent rate of pay • My opinion to be heard
• Train people in the • Regular income • Freedom for my voice
community • Financial to be heard in society
• Respect and equal rights for independence • Going to University
each cultures • To make a secure • Finish University
• Being able to provide for my future for my • Power
family children
• Respect
Supporting Local Communities
Understanding the importance of community cohesion, Wider Impact Consultancy has

taken time to meet Stoke on Trent support agencies, including:
• Racial Equality Council (REC);
• Minority Business Association (MBA);
• Stoke on Trent City Council Community Cohesion Team.
Conclusion
Wider Impact Consultancy noted general acceptance of the concept of a ‘Community

Garage’, which would benefit the wider community, whist targeting the specific needs
of local BME young people.
Local agencies also supported the concept of a UAACO based social enterprise, with
potential outcomes that include:
• Local employment for local young people;

• ‘Niche’ garage based training opportunities;
• Affordable garage based services for local people;
• ‘Profits’ reinvested for the benefit of local disadvantaged communities;
• BME role models;
• Opportunities for self employment and new business start ups;
• Social cohesion.

11. PARTNERSHIP STRATEGIES
Introduction
This section of the study will highlight regional, sub-regional, area and local partnership
strategies, which will have influence on delivery of the Community Garage project.
Whilst not intending to be a complete picture, it will paint a background of opportunity in
which the project can thrive and contribute to external outcomes.
ADVANTAGE WEST MIDLANDS (AWM)
AWM aims include creating a better region in which to invest, work, visit and live.
Around £300m each year is invested into activity that will help transform the West
Midland’s economy, focussing on:
• Business – improving the collective performance of traditional industries and

diversifying the business base;
• Skills – leading the work of the West Midlands Regional Skills Partnership to set
skills policy and priorities;
• Infrastructure – working to improve transport, communication and land and

property infrastructure;
• Communities – helping all of them, whether urban or rural, enjoy a better quality
of life;
• Promoting the Region – nationally and internationally.
Business
AWM is focussing on:
• Improving enterprise performance;
• Modernising and diversifying the manufacturing base;
• Providing finance for business;
• Increasing innovation and developing the knowledge economy;
• Increasing investment into the region;
• Developing environmental economy;
• Developing tourism.

NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE INTERGRATED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
Partners
• City of Stoke on Trent;

• Newcastle under Lyme Borough Council;
• North Staffordshire Regeneration Zone.
North Staffordshire Vision
‘North Staffordshire will become the city region of choice for 1 million people by 2021’
Plans include creating 5,000 new jobs over the next five years and a total of 25,000 jobs
in the long term, to halt the population loss and see the population grow by 2021.
Programme Aims
• Provide the workforce with the skills modern employers need;

• Enable existing businesses to offer better, higher paid jobs;
• Attract new types of employment in offices, tourism and laboratories;
• Encourage people to start up their own businesses.
Guiding Principles
• Competitiveness
• Innovation
• Focussed Action
• Partnership
Drivers
• Business Base
• Knowledge Assets
• Image
• Physical Realm
• Skills
NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE REGENERATION ZONE (NSRZ)
Wider Impact Consultancy is pleased to have access to the NSRZ Implementation Plan,
2006 to 2009, which is an update of the 2005 to 2008 Implementation Plan.
The revised plan captures main changes in policy, priority and operation over the
previous year and incorporates initiatives wished to be take forward up to 2009.

Significant theme activity includes:
Objective 1 Retain wealth within North Staffordshire through increased economic

activity
The NSRZ will be working to create a dynamic enterprise start up environment through a
range of interventions, directly complementing the work of the West Midlands Regional
Enterprise Board’s ‘Rising to the Enterprise Challenge’.
Priority actions have been identified which have been reinforced and evidenced by
various studies, including the IEDS, under the following categories:
• To develop new growth clusters/sectors that will form the basis of new economic
activity;
• To address the low level of business start ups;
• To improve the level of innovation amongst the business base;
• To improve substantially the image as a place to invest, ‘do business’, live and
visit.
Significant 2006/7 activities to include
• Engagement with the private sector within the enterprise and innovation theme
group;
• Continue the development of a package of generic start up premises in line with

the requirements of the Enterprise Options Report (Lymedale Enterprise, Knutton
Enterprise, Kidsgrove Enterprise, Shelton Enterprise, Chatterley Valley
Enterprise, Newcastle Studios);
• Analyse market information to develop the future enterprise workspace and grow
on space required beyond the Enterprise Options Report;
• Develop detailed proposals for workspace and business units at Chatterley

Valley and City Centre;
• Identifying growth and space requirements and promoting these as opportunities

to the private sector as part of an Inward Investment Strategy (Enterprise
Workspace);
• Embed a quality standard and brand for the development and building of
enterprise workspace together with linked business support activity;
• Securing, through creative ways, additional resources for supporting start ups in
the area and influencing culture, including mainstream funding (Developing new
enterprise culture);

• Ensure that essential supporting initiatives are developed within the LEGI
framework;
• Improving the coordination and impact of existing innovation based schemes to

maximise their impact;
• Gap analysis of existing provision for possible future initiatives (Innovation

Initiative);
• Develop and enhance business innovation schemes, through business training,

support and finance;
• Develop Broadband/IT initiative.
Objective 2 Provide skilled jobs for skilled local people
The NSRZ will continue to align with the core policies of the LSC and LSP. New
developments will focus on bringing forward a major programme of capital activity, with
the exception of an ‘Employer Led Workforce Development’ initiative, which will be
funded through NSRZ revenue.
Key Priorities
• To develop a University Quarter, which provides a focus for educational

progression and facilitates the physical renaissance of a key part of the City;
• To ensure employers have the right skills to support the success of their
businesses and individuals have the skills to be employed;
• To respond to the ‘Knowledge Revolution’ through the enhancement of the

Broadband/IT initiative;
• To raise the individual aspirations of the people of North Staffordshire to build for
the future economic growth and prosperity.
Objective 3 Re-design and re shape the urban fabric to create a high quality
environment and infrastructure
Spatial priorities are supported and reinforced by priorities of RENEW and English
Partnerships. English Partnerships are leading on the City Waterside project, RENEW
are leading on the areas of major intervention (AMIs) and NSRZ are leading on City
Centre developments.
Key Priorities
• Create a strong and vibrant City Centre;
• Physically develop the Medical Technical Cluster, maximising the potential

benefits of the new hospital;

• Develop the strategic employment site at Chatterley Valley;
• Regenerate the Burslem Town Centre.
Objective 4 Linking opportunity to need and breaking down barriers
There will be an emphasis to integrate activities within major capital projects to ensure
initiatives are included that support this theme.
Key Priorities
• To ensure the planned major investment in North Staffordshire benefit local

people;
• To improve procurement practices to ensure that added economic value is

achieved;
• To remove barriers to employment and training;
• To reduce worklessness in North Staffordshire;
• To develop employee opportunities through joint working with employers,

voluntary and community organisations to deliver employment and training.
Objective 5 Make Staffordshire a place of choice for residents, businesses,

students and tourists
Key Priorities
• Undertake a Marketing Communications Programme;
• Raise the Design Standard;
• Create a high quality environment.
LEARNING AND SKILLS COUNCIL (LSC)
Government White Paper ‘Getting on in Business, Getting it on at Work’, recognises the

important role regional skills partners play in setting the skills and training agenda for
their regions.
The White Paper has implications on the ability of partners to reskill the workforce to
take on new opportunities created through the regeneration of the area.
The specific targets for the LSC are to deliver outputs up to NVQ Level 2, with
commitment from the Government to fully fund the cost of brokers and the training of
individuals and employees undertaking basic skills and first full level 2 qualification.

RENEW NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE
RENEW North Staffordshire is one of nine Housing Market Renewal Pathfinder schemes
in England. Funded by the Government, the schemes aim to create a better future for
communities hit by low demand for property and poor quality housing.
North Staffordshire faces particular problems:
• House prices have been the lowest in England;

• A fifth of homes in the pathfinder area sold for less than £20,000 during 2002;
• 19% of households faced negative equity;
• Thousands of privately owned homes were classified as unfit;
• Much of the areas social housing was unpopular and hard to let;
• The local population continues to fall, as people move away in search of better
jobs and new opportunities.
The pathfinder scheme is described as a unique opportunity to deliver the radical

change needed to reverse the decline and create a better future. It is planned to build a
wider choice of new homes, to rent or buy and make communities safer and better
places to live.
In July 2004, RENEW North Staffordshire was granted £30m for 2004/06, to be
supplemented by a further £37.5m from other sources.
However, due to lower than anticipated funding, RENEW have had to make difficult
choices in prioritising and phasing proposed interventions. The Urban Core, which
includes the City Centre, Burslem/Middleport/Etruria Valley AMI and Hanley South AMI,
is likely to be in the first phase of investment for RENEW. This prioritisation is wholly
complementary to the NSRZ priorities.
LOCAL STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP (LSP)
Linked to the Stoke on Trent Community Strategy Vision:
‘By 2014 Stoke on Trent will be a thriving and diverse City with a confident, competitive a
and inclusive City Region where people want to live, work and study’
The Local Neighbourhood Renewal Strategy underpins the need to tackle causes and
consequences of social exclusion and develop innovative solutions to shifting the focus
of preventative actions that will help break the cycle of deprivation.
The strategy is based on the City’s ‘Knowledge Management’ approach and has
supported the establishment of floor targets to priority neighbourhoods.
The Local Area Agreement (LAA) process has resulted in priorities for each of the
following blocks, which have identified outcomes, indicators and targets, which will have
measurable impact on each of the block areas of activity.

Block 1 Children and Young People
Outcomes
• Ensuring a positive start to life;

• Improving behaviour and better emotional resilience;
• More fulfilled, inclusive and healthier lifestyles;
• Improved outcomes for children who are looked after;
• Improved educational attainment and progression.
Block 2 Safer and Stronger Communities
Outcomes
• To reduce levels of crime, the harm caused by illegal drugs and reassure the
public by reducing the fear of crime and anti social behaviour;
• To empower local people to have a greater voice and influence over local
decision making and the delivery of services;
• To have cleaner, safer and greener public places;
• To improve the quality of life for people in the most disadvantaged
neighbourhoods, ensure providers are more responsive to neighbourhoods
needs and improve delivery;
• To build respect in communities and to reduce anti social behaviour.
Block 3 Healthier Communities and Older People
Outcomes
• Providing a healthy start in life;

• Better health in adulthood;
• To improve the independence and quality of life of older and vulnerable people;
• Improving and promoting positive mental health.
Block 4 Economic Development and Enterprise
Outcomes
• To raise levels of economic activity and household earnings to the national

average;
• To increase the level of enterprise amongst local people;
• To support sustainable growth and reduce the rate of failure amongst
businesses;
• To attract the appropriate inward investors into the City.

LOCAL ENTERPRISE GROWTH INITIATIVE (LEGI)
Linked to LAA Block 4, Stoke on Trent City Council in partnership with key local
agencies is formulating a bid for funding under the Local Enterprise Growth Initiative.
This funding opportunity is available to all areas in receipt of Neighbourhood Renewal
Funding (NRF).
Key objectives of LEGI funding is to provide devolved flexible funding in the deprived
areas to support locally developed and owned proposals which will deliver innovative or
proven ways to stimulate economic activity and productivity through enterprise
development.
STOKE ON TRENT COLLEGE
Stoke on Trent College has indicated a willingness to support the Community Garage
project.
Mission Statement
‘Excellence in education and skills for work and life’
Strategic Values
• Students first;
• Valued staff;
• Employer focused;
• Learning across the City region;
• Effective partnerships;
• Continuous improvement;
• Value for Money.
Strategic Objectives
• Raise student success rates to the top quartile for general F.E Colleges;
• Empower individuals with the breadth of skills they will need for a successful life;
• Through the Collegiate and partners in North Staffs raise participation in
education and training at 16 and 17+ towards the national average;
• With employers and partners create a flexible, accessible provision that raises
employee skills levels and contributes decisively to economic and social
regeneration;
• Engage the community in the Learning and Skills agenda;
• Increase the proportion of local learners progressing to and achieving H.E
qualifications;
• Enhance financial performance to support continuous improvement in quality
through investment in our staff and an inspirational learning environment.

Courses on Offer
Understanding the needs and aspirations of target groups, the College are able to
deliver flexible and adaptable services and are willing to explore the concept of the
Community Garage taking on the status of a ‘training academy’.
Available Courses Include
Full Time Courses
City and Guilds 3901 Basic Motor Vehicle Servicing

City and Guilds Level 1, Year 1 (Progression Award) Light Vehicle
City and Guilds 4100 Light Vehicles (Progression Award), Level 3
City and Guilds Body and Paint 4101(Progression Award) Level 1, Year1
City and Guilds Body and Paint 4101(Progression Award) Level 2, Year1
City and Guilds Heavy Vehicle 4101 (Progression Award) Level2, Year 1
Moving Forward, Motor Vehicle
Student Progress
The research has taken opportunity to ‘track’ student progress during a typical three year
NVQ garage based Apprenticeship:
End of Year 1
• General Maintenance
• Collecting parts from stores
• Changing Tyres
End of Year 2
• NVQ Level 2 awarded

• Carry out full service
• Repair/ change clutch
• Repair/ replace timing belts
End of Year 3
• NVQ 3 awarded
• Carry out diagnostic work
• Repair/ replace steering units
• Qualify to apply for an MOT qualification
• Employment prospects/ earning potential significantly increased

12. FUNDING
Introduction
This section will examine the issue of funding, referring to potential grant and non-grant
sources, to assist in the start up of a social enterprise business.
Purpose of funding
It is important for the project group to understand the need for funding support and what
requires funding. Non-grant finance, or commercial finance is often required when a
specific financial need arises, or long term financial planning requires financial sources
beyond grants and internally generated cash. For example:
• Purchasing property;
• Renovating or fitting out a building;
• Purchasing (or leasing) equipment;
• Managing ongoing cash needs;
• Managing lead times between delivering services and receiving payments;
• Bridging a gap when receiving grants on an ongoing basis (for instance where
grants are secured, but may be quarterly in arrears;
• Bridging a gap when receiving one off grants;
• Funding growth e.g. purchasing equipment, increasing staff;
• Buying an established business and converting to a social enterprise;
• Starting new income generated activities, either as a charity developing a trading

arm, or as a social enterprise starting from scratch.
Amount of Funding Required
The amount of finance required will affect options, as some finance providers will not
consider an application that is above or below their guidelines. Grants are usually
available from very small to quite large amounts, depending on the grant maker.
Commercial banks do not often consider loans for less than £10,000, but can consider
much larger sums than grant makers, as long as the social enterprise can make a strong
business case (To be highlighted within the Garage Business Plan).
Equity finance, whether from venture capital or public sources, tends to start at much
larger sums, typically £250,000 or higher, although some providers may make
investments of £50,000 to £100,000.

FUNDING OPTIONS
Opportunities for funding will come from a variety of sources, which will include:
Grants
Social enterprises often receive grants as part of their funding through grants from
charitable foundations, government or European funds. They have the significant
advantage of not having to be repaid, but are not ‘free money’ and it is important to
consider the draw backs of this type of finance (see table 9).
Commercial Finance
The limitations of grant funding highlight the need for social enterprises to access other
sources of funding.
Commercial finance can take the form of debt or equity and whilst it carries higher
financial cost than grant money, it also has a number of advantages. Commercial
finance can be longer term than one year grant funding and frees up management from
constant fundraising.
Commercial finance requires and imposes a degree of financial discipline, which can be
a positive impact for most organisations. It is more flexible; funds received are not tied
to specific outputs and not even to specific projects.
There will be conditions associated with the finance received, but these and the
associated reporting requirements are typically less onerous than for grant funding.
Debt
Debt finance is usually available in the form of loans.
Equity
Equity is fundamentally different to debt, as in exchange for receiving capital, the

‘owners’ of the organisation concedes part ownership of the enterprises.
Unlike debt, equity finance is permanently invested in the organisation. The social
enterprise has no legal obligation to repay the amount invested at a set point in time, or
to pay any interest.
Equity investors typically look at the growth potential of an organisation; they invest in
enterprises they believe will perform well in the future. They expect to be compensated
through:
• Dividends paid out through the enterprises earnings;
• Capital gain realised upon sale of the enterprise, or realised from selling their
equity interest to other partners.

Equity can help to strengthen organisations balance sheet by increasing the ‘cushion’
that it can fall back on should things not go as planned. The increase in capital base can
also help an organisation when it is looking to secure loans in the future.
Table 9 provides a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of different types of

finance.
Table 9
Type of Finance Advantages Disadvantages
• Nothing to repay • Geographic constraints

Grants • Very useful at start up • Competition
stages • Often short term
• Possible to fund non- • Inflexible
income generating • Increasingly difficult to
sources access
• Hidden costs associated
with grant funding, such
as time spent fundraising
and time spent reporting
• Need to account for how
the money is spent
• Often have to pay up
front and reclaim against
receipts
• Flexible • Has to be repaid with
Debt • Can bridge funding gaps interest
• Short, medium or long • Security may be needed
term • Assets can be lost if loan
• Often quicker to obtain is not repaid
than grants
• Fewer reporting
requirements than for
grants
• Larger sums might be • Must give up ownership/

available control of part of the
Equity • Flexible enterprise
• Permanent • Legal and ownership
• Medium to long term limitations for social
enterprises
• May be difficult to find
investors whose interests
are aligned with those of
social enterprise
Conclusion
Lines between each category can be blurred and there may be hybrid instruments that
do not fall neatly in one category. Clearly the project group need will need to explore the
financial products in detail and access the most appropriate type of finance to support
the project though its life cycles.

13. FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES
Introduction
Whilst there are numerous funding opportunities open, Wider Impact Consultancy has
taken opportunity to highlight examples of the most likely large/medium grants and loans
currently available to the Community Garage project.
State Aid
State Aid is a Member State’s financial aid to business which meets all the criteria in
Article 87(1) of the updated European Community (EC) Treaty 1 Article 87(1) 2 declares
that State aid, in whatever form, which could distort competition and affect trade by
favouring certain undertakings or the production of certain goods.
In short, it is likely there will be limited opportunities to access grants and services
sourced from public bodies (e.g. ESF, The Big Lottery/ Coalfields Regeneration Trust),
as the Garage based enterprise has the potential to ‘threaten’ other similar businesses
trading capacity. Whilst there will not be a bar to trading, potential limitations regarding
grant funding and support, are likely to impact options such as purchasing land/
premises and capital/revenue spends. Further research will be necessary during
delivery of the business plan, which will highlight funding/ resource requirements.
GRANTS
European Structural Funds
European Structural Funds were set up by the European Commission to help reduce
differences in living standards between the regions of the European Union. The West
Midlands region was awarded over £610 million of Structural Funds money under the
new Objective 2 Programme.
Objective 2 funding is available for nearly half of the West Midlands population and aims
to renew industrial, urban and rural areas.
About Objective 2
The Objective 2 programme aims to support the economic and social conversion of
areas within the West Midlands facing structural difficulties. It offers a real opportunity
for the West Midlands to achieve a positive step change in its economic performance
through improvements in infrastructure, businesses and industry whilst also encouraging
social regeneration and supporting environmental sustainability.
Under the current programme which runs from 2000 to 2006 the West Midlands has
been awarded £575 million and this must be implemented by 2008. £2 billion worth of
investment will be triggered by this programme resulting in an additional £1.9 billion net
value added to the West Midlands economy. It is anticipated that this programme will
result in the creation of some 28,000 new jobs and will safeguard a further 16,000. It is
also anticipated that 1,800 new businesses will be created.

The Priorities
In its West Midlands Economic Strategy (WMES), Advantage West Midlands

(AWM) identifies four priorities that are vital in meeting their economic vision for the
region:
‘Within ten years, the West Midlands will be recognised as a premier European location
in which to live, work, invest and to visit, regarded internationally as world class, and the
most successful region in creating wealth to benefit everyone who lives in the area’.
The four priorities identified by WMES were:
• Developing a diverse and dynamic business base;

• Creating the conditions for growth;
• Regenerating communities;
• Creating a learning and skilful region.
These priorities form the priority areas for objective 2 funding which is the main plank in
delivering the WMES. The three Objective 2 priorities are listed below:
Priority 1 - Developing a diverse and dynamic business base

Priority 2 - Creating the conditions for employment growth
Priority 3 - Regenerating communities
Priority 3 focuses on areas where there is a combination of problems which creates on

areas of exclusion such as unemployment, poor skills, housing, high crime. It aims to do
this by:
• Developing social capital and enabling communities;

• Developing employment opportunities;
• Building sustainable and connected neighbourhoods;
• Upskilling communities.
Three horizontal themes underpin the whole programme that every project bidding for
funding should include in the bid:
• Innovation;
• Environmental Sustainability;
• Equality of Opportunity.
Available funding
• Objective 2 ERDF £71.58m;

• Transitional ERDF £11.77m;
• Objective 2 ESF £17.44m.
51% ‘match funding’ will need to be located from other areas, which in addition to
Neighbourhood Renewal (NRF) funding, could include:

Big Lottery Fund
Two funding routes appear appropriate:
Community Buildings Programme (Closes 30 April 2007)
Grant size
Minimum £50,000
Maximum £500,000
Average £250,000
Over three years the Community Buildings programme will award £50 million for
community buildings to provide services and activities for a broad range of people.
The programme is open to voluntary and community organisations in England.

Voluntary and community organisations include charities, not for profits companies,
credit unions, social and community enterprises and community based activities.
Reaching Communities
Grant Size
Minimum £10,000
Maximum £500,000
Average Not available
This programme is for community driven projects which benefit those most in need,
including communities with shared interests. Projects should be involved throughout the
life of the project. The is a primary revenue programme, but can contribute up to
£50,000) towards capital costs.
Coalfields Regeneration Trust (CRT)
The CRT ‘Bridging the Gap’ programme offers grants from £500 to £10,000 to groups
and organisations working for the benefit of local communities. Projects will be
welcomed in the following categories:
• Supporting Communities;
• Learning Communities;
• Enterprising Communities;
• Supporting People into Work.
CRT can contribute up to 100% of total project costs and are ‘one off’ annual grants.
Grants can support revenue and capital funding e.g. tools and equipment.

Britannia Building Society Foundation
Britannia Building Society charitable giving focuses on making a difference in local

communities within a 25 mile radius of Leek. Grants range from £250 to £25,000 and
the Foundations priority issues are:
• Homelessness
• Education achievement and aspirations
• Community safety
• Encouraging prudent money management
Co-op Dividend Scheme
This scheme is open to organisations working in the trading area of Co-operative Group
(CWS) Limited. Grants of between £100 and £5,000 are available for projects fulfilling a
need in the local community, which are of voluntary, self help, co-operative or not for
profit nature. Projects should help to address:
• Community issues
• Poverty relief
Esmee Fairbairn Foundation
Grant programme for Social Change. Enterprise and independence seems appropriate,
which aims to enable people and organisations to be more enterprising and to develop
new ways of tackling the needs of those at greatest disadvantage through:
• Work which enables voluntary and community organisations to achieve some

degree of sustainability (for example through trading activities or increasing other
earned income);
• Social enterprises;
• Organisations taking an entrepreneurial approach to tackling social need by
experimenting with new methods;
• New opportunities for people to become more economically independent, for
example by moving into paid employment.
There are no ‘maximum’ grants; average grants during 2005 were just over £52,000.
Lloyds TSB Foundation
The Foundation supports under funded charities so people, especially disadvantaged or

disabled people can play a fuller role in the community. Various levels of funding grants
are available under their Community Programme for social and community needs,
education and training.
The Foundation is unable to provide details of available funding, due an ongoing review
of grant procedures. Details are expected to be available early 2007.

LOAN FUNDS
Advantage Community Loan Fund
Established in 2002, with the support of Advantage West Midlands and Unity Trust Bank,
to provide loans for social enterprises throughout the West Midlands. Loans will be
given for:
• Capital loans
• Property purchase or refurbishment
• Bridging finance
• Working capital and cash flow support
• Gap Funding
Applicants can borrow between £15,000 and £85,000. Terms include:
• An average of 3 to 4% above bank base rate;

• An arrangement fee of 1.5 to 2%;
• No annual fees;
• Repayments will be tailored to the expected cash flow of the organisation;
• Repayments may be to a maximum of ten years;
• Security is not essential.
North Staffordshire Capital Risk Fund plc (NSRCF)
NSCRF has been formed to fill the void that exists for potentially exciting businesses in
the North Staffordshire area whose formation or growth is constrained for want of
modest amounts of risk capital. In meeting this need NSCRF will aid the development of
a more entrepreneurial culture, which will, in turn, help to stimulate an economy in long
term decline.
It will directly and indirectly:
• Increase the number of new sustainable businesses created in the area;

• Sharpen the skills base of support-providers so that they can recognise and deal
with the specific needs of businesses with growth aspirations;
• Stem the loss of graduates and other skilled people from the area by assisting in
the creation of innovative and knowledge-based businesses;
• Operate and maintain a fund which is sustainable over a ten year timeframe to
provide opportunities now and in the future.
Borrowing from the NSCRF
NSCRF will make investments by way of unsecured loans (with an option to share in
future profits) in the range £10,000 up to £50,000 and exceptionally up to £75,000, in
owner managed companies.
Its target is businesses with the potential for growth, including opportunities where
businesses can be revitalised by a new management team.

A high proportion of the businesses will either be start-ups of less than three years old.
Typically they will be knowledge-based and innovative.
In deciding whether or not to invest NSCRF will pay close attention to:
• The characteristics of the market in which the business is targeted and the
differentiating factors of the company's products or services;
• The experience and ambition of the management team.
Michelin Development
Michelin Development offers the following support to small and medium sized
enterprises up to twenty-five employees (SMEs)
Access to Finance
• Unsecured loans from £5,000;

• Bank of England base rate;
• Repayment period three to five years.
Access to advice and expertise
• Access to free of charge independent advice from Michelin’s in-house expertise;

• Where the product or service is appropriate, the client may be able to tender for
Michelin business;
• A press release created for successful applicants, providing valuable publicity.
Conclusion
It is apparent that there are a variety of funding opportunities (grants and loans), to
support the launch and delivery of the Community Garage project.
It will be necessary for the project group to consider issues such as:
• Not losing sight of the potential of the enterprise to ‘earn its keep’ and contribute
towards running costs. Indeed, it should be an objective for the enterprise to
become ‘self sufficient’ within a given period of time (see Section 8);
• Whether to:
o Purchase land/premises;
o Rent existing garage premises;
o Rent premises and convert to garage use.
Such issues will clearly contribute to the type and amount of funding raised to support
development and delivery of the project.

14. LEGAL STRUCTURE
Introduction
Social enterprises can take a variety of forms and legal structures. Some social
enterprises have group structures comprising of several legal forms, with different
subsidiaries or affiliates set up to serve different strategic, operational and financial
purposes.
The legal status of the organisation may effect how it can use different types of finance.
Table 10 summarises the most common legal forms and their implications.
Table 10
Legal Structure Receive Access Debt/ Access Equity/

Charitable Borrow Issue Shares
Status?
Company limited by guarantee Yes Yes No
Company limited by shares Unlikely Yes Yes

(Private)
Company limited by shares Unlikely Yes Yes

(Public)
Industrial and Provident Society Yes Yes Yes

(Community Benefit Society)
Industrial and Provident Society Unlikely Yes Yes

(Cooperative)
Company Interest Company Yes Yes Yes

(CIC)
Company Option
It therefore seems appropriate that an option is for the Community Garage project to
become a ‘stand alone’ company.
In which case, a separate company would be established, with its own Board/Trustees.
In such a case, all ‘risks’ associated with the business would remain with the business,
as a ‘Company Limited by Guarantee’.
This option is explored in more depth within Section 15.

15. GOVERNANCE AND SUPPORT
Introduction
As highlighted within Section 8, there will be risks associated with setting up any new
business, which will be no less in the case of setting up a social enterprise. In this case,
the ‘business’ will be a garage run on commercial grounds, which will require particular
expertise and experience. Issues involved will include governance, management,
business expertise and multi-agency support.
Wider Impact Consultancy has taken opportunity to facilitate a workshop with the
UAACO Board and Chief Executive Officer to explore the feasibility of UAACO becoming
the Managing Agent of the Community Garage project.
Table 11 is a summary of a SWOT analysis carried out, which highlights the strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats identified by the group at the workshop.
Table 11
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
Passion (X3) Lack of/ Reliance on Funding

Unity (X2) Finance
Culture Lack of Resources
Strength Diversity Barriers to Resources
Strength Growth Accommodation
Strength for UAACO - Patience Support
Sense of Injustice High Dependency on Volunteers
Commitment Training Skills
Perseverance Meeting Legal Criteria’s
Tenacity Patience
Past Disappointments Gap in Education Skills (Schools/
Ambitions Colleges)
Skilled Personnel/ Wide Amount of Skills Lack of Social Skills
Access/ Community Leadership Time Constraints
Board’s Good Community Relations Motivation
Facilities
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
Opportunity for Young People Environmental Influences

Identified Need Nanny State
Diverse Business Opportunity Discrimination (X2)
To Provide Occupations Racial Stereotypes
To Provide New Skills Cultural Ignorance
To open New Avenues Knowledge Base
Good Networks/ Links Lack of Skills (X2)
To provide a Much Needed Service Motivation
External Support Lack of Interest/ Lack of Vision
Access to Public Funds Lack of Role Models
Mainstream Literacy & Numeracy Support
Political Instability/ Change Bureaucratic Obstacles
Restoration of Dignity Finance/ Cash Flow
Plagiarism
Competition (X4)
Over Industrialised
Political Change/ Instability

Whilst the UAACO Board clearly recognises challenges, they also identify opportunities
for UAACO, key local agencies, the wider community and most importantly, local young
people.
There is agreement by the Board that the project should go ahead. There is however an
understanding that such as venture will require specialist expertise in areas such as:
• Finance
• Fundraising for small businesses
• The garage industry
• Business contracts
• Small business start up
• Risk management
• HR/recruitment/training
• Customer care/service
• Legal issues
• Sales
• Marketing/promotion
• HR/training
• Health & Safety
• Community Consultation/involvement
Understanding the complexity of such issues, advice has been obtained from Business
Initiative (Rob Redfern) and it has been agreed that it would be ideal if a separate ‘stand
alone’ company is created – ‘THE UAACO COMMUNITY GARAGE’.
The company would be ‘Limited by Guarantee’, would be in a position to apply for

Charitable Status and to register for VAT.
It will be necessary for a new Board/Trustees to be established, which can include

members of the UAACO Board/Chief Executive Officer and others who are able to ‘fill
the gaps’ in relation to the skills and experience required to support the development
and delivery of such a venture.
It is suggested that this could include representatives from:
• Local Youth
• Private Sector
• Stoke on Trent City Council
• Elected Member(s)
• Racial Equality Council (REC)
• Minority Business Association (MBA)
• Stoke on Trent College
• Housing Associations
• Voluntary Sector Representatives
• Community Representatives
It is also suggested that the Chair of the new Board/Trustees has the business acumen
and ‘local profile’ to support development/delivery of the venture.

The Board would appoint a Garage/Project Manager/experienced mechanic, who

would in effect, carry out the role of Chief Executive Officer in the Company, responsible
to the Board/Trustees to manage a profitable and successful business venture.
Role of the UAACO Board
Whilst the new company will be managed separately from UAACO, it will be in the
fortunate position of being supported by the UAACO Board and Chief Executive Officer,
which will ensure that principles, such as ‘social good’ are achieved and there is wider
community benefit from the ‘Social Enterprise’ company.
Under such as model, UAACO will be protected from ‘risks’ associated with development
and delivery of a new business venture.
Role of the Garage/Project Manager/Senior Mechanic
The garage/project will be managed by an experienced Garage/Project manager, who

will be the first beneficiary to be recruited to the project. As in the commercial world, it
will be the responsibility of this post holder to be directly involved in the recruitment of
key staff, market and manage the garage on behalf of the Board as a profit making
(social) enterprise.
Staffing Structure
Figure 1 provides an outline of proposed staffing structures, over the first three years
trading period.
Figure 1
Garage Manager
P/T Admin Support
Mechanic Apprentice Mechanic Apprentice
Mechanic Apprentice

Wider Multi-Agency Support
Understanding the importance of multi-agency partnership working, consultation should

clearly continue with key local partners, which includes, Stoke on Trent City Council,
North Staffordshire Regeneration Zone, Local Strategic Partnership (LSP), RENEW
North Staffordshire, North Staffordshire Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Business
Brokers, Racial Equality Council (REC), Minority Business Association (MBA), Stoke on
Trent College, Private Sector Expertise, Housing Association(s), Member(s) of
Parliament, Elected Member(s), community representatives and the young people
themselves.
Conclusion
• A new company is created - THE UAACO COMMUNITY GARAGE;

• Board members/Trustees include existing UAACO Board members and external
‘experts’;
• A Garage/Project Manager is appointed, with the role of CEO of the new
company;
• The UAACO Board provides advice and support to the new company;
• Consultation should continue with key local partners.

16. OPTION APPRAISAL
Introduction
Whilst a case has been made for a UAACO COMMUNUNITY GARAGE, opportunity is
taken at table 12 to explore alternative options:
Table 12
Option Comment
1 Not to create a UAACO Community Research has indicated existing provision
Garage – rely on existing provision for is not meeting the needs of BME young
BME young people people (see Sections 8/9). Opportunity
would also be lost to establish a
community based ‘Social Enterprise’ with
objectives that included supporting
community capacity building and
developing community cohesion – LAA
objective
2 Extend provision of training within Stoke Research has indicated BME young
on Trent College – increasing numbers of people are generally not attending college
trained BME young people based garage courses, despite there being
a will by the young people to enter the
garage industry. Cultural issues cited by
the young people (see Sections 8/9)
3 Develop training provision for BME young Research has indicated there is a lack of
people within existing garages such places for young people in general
and BME young people are currently
extremely reluctant to work in such
establishments during early training years.
Employment costs related to profits
indicated by the industry and
discrimination and cultural reasons cited
by the young people (see Sections 8/ 9)
4 Stoke on Trent College Development Already been considered by the College
Worker to support BME young people in and rejected as being resource intensive
work environments and too costly (Source: Stoke on Trent
College). It is also clear work has to take
place ‘promoting by example’ the value of
the UAACO COMMUNITY GARAGE
project and delivering Apprentice based
training in Stoke on Trent
Conclusion
It has become apparent the delivery of the UAACO COMMUNITY GARAGE project will
assist in improving and ‘adding value’ to existing training and employment provision in
Stoke on Trent and has potential to play a significant role in:
• Leading on the employment of Stoke on Trent BME (and wider community

members) within garage and trade industries in general; and
• Leading on the development of a professionally managed, Stoke on Trent based,
profit making Social Enterprise company.

17. SUMMARY OF REPORT FINDINGS
Wider Impact Consultancy is satisfied:
1. ‘Need’ has been demonstrated for the project i.e. there is a business, social and
community case for development of Community Garage project in the Stoke on
Trent area;
2. With the support of ‘start up’ grants, there is opportunity to deliver a profitable
‘stand alone’ business by the end of second year of trading;
3. There is opportunity to create a new company – THE UAACO COMMUNITY

GARAGE, supported by a Board/Trustees.
4. Managed as ‘not for profit’ social enterprise the project has the potential to
employ 7.5 local people:
• 1 Garage Manager
• 1 Part-Time Administrative Support
• 3 Full-Time Mechanics
• 3 Full-Time Apprentices
5. The business has the potential to grow at the end of third year trading – ensuring
sustainability (and for example the employment of 3 further Apprentices);
6. The project supports the strategies and aims of key agencies such as:
• Advantage West Midlands;

• Learning & Skills Council;
• North Staffordshire Chamber of Commerce and Industry;
• North Staffordshire Racial Equality Council;
• North Staffordshire Regeneration Zone;
• Minority Business Association;
• Stoke on Trent City Council;
• Stoke on Trent College;
• Stoke on Trent Local Strategic Partnership;
• UAACO;
• Youth Offending Team.
7. There is multi-agency support/ interest in the project – many of which are keen
to support and be involved in its delivery;
8. The project supports the aims and objectives of key funders such as:
• European Social Fund,

• Big Lottery e.g. Community Buildings programme/Reaching;
Communities programme;
• Coalfield Regeneration Trust;

• Britannia Building Society Foundation;

• Co-op Dividend Scheme;
• Esmee Fairbairn Foundation;
• Lloyds TSB;
• Advantage Community Loan Fund;
• North Staffordshire Capital Risk Fund;
• Michelin Development.
9. Option appraisal analysis confirms the project is the best option to achieve
desired objectives in the Stoke on Trent area;
10. UAACO is well placed to provide support and guidance to the new company.
11. ‘Risk’ is manageable (see Appendix 2) and is likely to be kept manageable on

implementation of recommendations highlighted within Section 18.

18. RECOMMENDATIONS
Wider Impact Consultancy is pleased to recommend:
1. The UAACO Board approve progression of the Community Garage project;
2. A new company – THE UAACO COMMUNITY GARAGE is created;
3. Whilst it will be an aim of the new company to support the development of BME
young people, it should also provide benefits to wider Stoke on Trent community
members;
4. The business should ‘start small’ and aim to ‘find its feet’ in the market. This will
include employing a total; of 7.5 staff, which will include the employment of 3
Apprentices. Numbers can increase as the business grows;
5. The company should establish formal agreement with Stoke on Trent College, to
deliver vocational training to all staff/apprentices involved in delivery of the
project;
6. Wider Impact Consultancy is directed to deliver a Business/Development Plan

(Part 2 of the commission);
7. Funding applications are submitted by the UAACO Management Team, following

Board approval of the Business Plan;
8. The UAACO Management Team aim to recruit a Board/Trustees, to deliver and

support THE UAACO COMMUNITY GARAGE;
9. The new company appoints a Chair Person with business acumen and ‘local
profile’ to support development/delivery of the venture;
10. Following approval(s) of funding support, the UAACO Management Team/THE

UAACO COMMUNITY GARAGE Board recruit an experience Garage/Project
Manager/Mechanic, to assist in development and delivery of the project;
11. Consultation should continue with key local partners;
12. Monitoring and evaluation of the project should include tracking of staff/
apprentices involved in the project, in order to establish long term outcomes and
wider impacts.

19. CONCLUSION
Wider Impact Consultancy has been impressed with support of individuals and a wide
variety of agencies for the concept of the UAACO COMMUNITY GARAGE project,
which primarily aims to support the social and economic needs of young people living in
Stoke on Trent.
Whilst the original brief outlined support for ‘mainly African and African Caribbean youth’,
it has become clear there is a need to support the wider community, whilst
understanding that BME young people should be a special case to receive support and
guidance, if they are to enter ‘trade’ occupations such as the garage industry.
For example, it must be a concern that there are virtually no BME young people currently
enrolled on Stoke on Trent College NVQ garage courses, despite young BME people
clearly indicating a wish to enter the trade as Apprentices/employees.
There is no doubt that the creation of a new garage business will be a bold step,
particularly in such a competitive area of business. What is also clear, are the social
rewards and long term outcomes of what is also an innovative step.
It is therefore essential that the UAACO and the new Board, receives the full support and
co-operation of those individuals and key agencies, who have it in their gift to make the
UAACO COMMUNITY GARAGE project become a reality.

APPENDIX 1
Feasibility Report 2006

Small Garage and Workshop in Stoke on Trent
The Stoke on Trent district which includes Shelton, at this present time is under going a
major development programme. Old factories and houses are being demolished to make
way for new modern property and industry.
Most house owners in these modern times have at least one or two vehicles at their
disposal, which from time to time need to be regularly serviced and after three years
need a Government MOT examination.
In the Shelton area of Stoke on Trent we have a number of Main Agent Garages which
look after the customers who buy new or almost new vehicles. Also in the area we have
petrol service stations and small tyre and exhaust outlets taking care of these
specialised needs on vehicles.
Shelton with its growing population in housing would benefit from a small garage offering
a service for the second hand vehicle market, It could offer small repairs work for
vehicles over three years not covered by the Main Agent warranty, along with MOT
repairs and electrical fault diagnostic work.
This type of Garage would operate between the main agent garage and the tyre and
exhaust outlet. Giving the people of Shelton and the surrounding area a good service for
their vehicles.
In addition to this it would also bring needy work and training to people living in the area.
In this modern world where technology is ever moving forward in transport we have a
need to develop a garage which can meet the needs of this changing technology. One
area could be Shelton that would help to meet the new demands in technology and also
satisfy the needs of the community within the area of Stoke on Trent.
Harry Bowyer
Programme Manager, Stoke on Trent College Motor Vehicle Section
September 2006
Prepared by Wider Impact Consultancy on behalf of UAACO November 2006 i

APPENDIX 2
Community Garage Risk Assessment
Probability Impact
1= VL 1= VL
Result
2= L 2= L
Risk Type Description 3= M 3= M Suitable Responses Comment
4= H 4= H
5= VH 5= VH
Lack of ‘need’ for Ensure project continues to support Feasibility study has identified strong
Human project – Social, 1 5 5 social and community need in Stoke social and community ‘need’ for project
Community case on Trent i.e. clear ‘terms of
reference’
Lack of ‘need’ for Ensure ‘business’ is able to Likely to delay period when project
Financial project – ‘Business 3 5 15 compete i.e. deliver high quality, becomes self sufficient. Need to promote
case’ professional services and social case to companies keen to promote
reasonable rates to customers. corporate social responsibility
Lack of opportunity for Developing interest in social Grant giving organisations and loan
Organisational Social Enterprise 2 5 10 enterprise nationally, regionally and providers keen to support social
locally enterprise development
BME Young People Unsure young people are listened to Research indicates BME young people
Human rejecting employment 3 5 15 and are made aware of are interested in entering ‘trades’, but are
and training opportunities available. Employ the put off by employers/ training providers
opportunities services of mentor(s), who can not understanding their needs/ cultural
broker trust between BME young issues
people and service providers
Lack of Funding to Ensure strong evidence of project Feasibility study demonstrates strong
Financial Develop Project 2 5 10 meeting local ‘needs’ and target evidence of project meeting aims of
appropriate funding agencies numerous funding providers
Lack of governance/ A new company THE UAACO Key agencies have indicated support for
Organisational skills/ experience to 2 5 10 COMMUNITY GARAGE is formed, the project, providing it is ‘inclusive’ and
develop project supported by an experienced Board supports the wider community
and Garage Manager
Lack of multi agency Ensure open and two way dialogue Important to maintain balance, with clear
Organisational support for project 2 5 10 with key agencies. Ensure line accountability to funders and line
involvement with project delivery management structures
Sustainability of project Ensure project is launched as a Essential rigorous and realistic business
Organisational – dependence on 3 5 15 ‘business’, with aims that include plan in place. Monitoring systems required
scarce grants funding sustainability to be in place.
Injury to staff or Heath & Safety, linked to high Ongoing support from SOT College and
Health & Safety customers 2 5 10 quality a project a priority H&S Executive will be obtained
Prepared by Wider Impact Consultancy on behalf of UAACO November 2006 ii

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I

Independent Feasibility Study

Prepared by Wider Impact Consultancy on behalf of UAACO November 2006

Funded by Stoke on Trent City Council and the European Union

Feasibility Study Conducted by Wider Impact Consultancy

Prepared by Wider Impact Consultancy on behalf of UAACO November 2006

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1

3.0 TERMS OF REFERENCE 3

7.0 WHAT IS SOCIAL ENTERPRISE 8

8.0 BUSINESS CASE 10

9.0 SOCIAL CASE 18

Wider BME Issues 18

Prepared by Wider Impact Consultancy on behalf of UAACO November 2006 i

10.0 COMMUNITY CASE 26

11.0 PARTNERSHIP STRATEGIES 30

13.0 FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES 42

Prepared by Wider Impact Consultancy on behalf of UAACO November 2006 ii

Britannia Building Society Foundation 45

14.0 LEGAL STRUCTURE 48

15.0 GOVERNANCE & SUPPORT 49

16.0 OPTION APPRAISAL 53

17.0 SUMMARY OF REPORT FINDINGS 54

APPENDIX 1 – Letter, Stoke on Trent College (i)

APPENDIX 2 – Risk Assessment (ii)

Prepared by Wider Impact Consultancy on behalf of UAACO November 2006 iii

Prepared by Wider Impact Consultancy on behalf of UAACO November 2006 1

• Advantage West Midlands;

Prepared by Wider Impact Consultancy on behalf of UAACO November 2006 2

Objective of the Brief

Part 1 Feasibility Study

1. To produce a detailed feasibility study on ideas for a garage based community

3. To investigate options for providing hands on training and work experience as a

4. To weigh up the options for providing training/work experience through a

Part 2 Development/ Business Plan

1. To produce a series of garage layout plans for the purposes of consultations,

3. To investigate and produce a five year development/business plan with detailed

4. To investigate the strategies of the North Staffordshire Regeneration Zone,

Prepared by Wider Impact Consultancy on behalf of UAACO November 2006 3

5. To investigate the strategies of Advantage West Midlands, National Lottery

6. In conducting the study, consider other regional, national or international models

Prepared by Wider Impact Consultancy on behalf of UAACO November 2006 4

The garage based social enterprise project will be established as a profitable

Methods used to deliver this feasibility study have included:

• Analysis of wide ranging data and information;

• Site visits (e.g. garage premises);

• Meetings with members of key support agencies;

• Presentation/ information sharing ‘breakfast briefing’ with key agency members.

Prepared by Wider Impact Consultancy on behalf of UAACO November 2006 5

1. Create a vibrant new business within the City of Stoke on Trent;

2. To employ and train local disadvantaged young people; and

3. Become an example of good practice for other projects to follow.

Prepared by Wider Impact Consultancy on behalf of UAACO November 2006 6

6. UNION OF AFRICAN & AFRICAN CARIBBEAN ORGANISATIONS (UAACO)

• Support and help in the management of member organisations;

Specialist Training Available

Prepared by Wider Impact Consultancy on behalf of UAACO November 2006 7

7. WHAT IS SOCIAL ENTERPRISE

The UK Government definition is:

Businesses with primary social objectives, whose surpluses are principally