y Data wSaral Facts observationsand information that oe oer vedi han are kaern anaes Generally 2 types of data are used. tyregular class interval: When the lass intervals are of varying sizes. + F.g0-15,15-20, 20.30. Ungrouped data is data in its original or. Ctass width — upper class imi — lower 1) Ungrouped Data ‘Tabular Representation of Data Frequency table ‘A frequency table or distribution shows the occurrence of a particular variable in a tabular form, Ungrouped frequency table raw form. The observations are not ‘laselimit Grouped frequency table ‘lapitfiog te grows Statistics g Graphical Representation 2 = of Data 2) Grouped Data Statistics is a branch of mathematics 3 (A) Bar graphs In grouped data, observations are that deals with the S waaieg a 3 istograms omanizeo Sree: 1: BabeGollection a (Uniform and varying Note: 2, Data Representation 2 widths) Frequency 3. Data Analysis g (C) Frequency polygons ~The number of times a particular instance Iuterpretation ofdata, a Sorting occursis called frequency in statistics. Data Collection Raw data Sorting > ascending order or ee descendingorder +The size ofthe classinto which ® Primary Data seciauary Dita articular data is divided. = When the information was When the information was + Regular class interval: When the cla8 —cotjected by the investigator __gathered from u source which intervals are equal or of the same sizes. + E,g 0-10, 10-20,20-30, aes stored, JEE | NEET | Class 9,10 already had the information GETITON cena]Bar Graphs *Abar graph isa graphical representation of data in which usually bars of uniform width aredrawn with equal spacing between them on one = x-axis—rdepicts the variable 1" jpaxis—sdepicts valueof the variable + ‘The heights of the bars depend on ‘the values of the variable. + Discrete—bar graphs Example- = This s a form of representation like the har graph, but itis used for continuous class intervals. Scale(x—axis) 1 unit =Skg Scale(y—axis) 1unit = 2 students JEE | NEET | Class 9,10 Frequency Polygon 2 These mid-points of the class- lass mark The three measures of central tout tendency for ungrouped data are: (). Meat + It is found by adding all the a values of the observations and dividing it by the total umber of observations. [tis denoted by x. So,; nono frequency astebuton ts a4 * Foran ungrouped (i) Median: It is the value of the intervals are called class-marks. amiddle-most observation (3). Upper limit + Lower limit ras an dd number, the median = met) valine of tne (2!) “observation arian eve mass median ~ Mean ofthe values of the amd(2 +1)" observation, o (ii) Mode: The mode is the most | an 3S 40 a8 50 55 60 OS ‘Weiht dike) —> frequently occurring observation. GETITON cena]The three measures of central tendency for Grouped data are: (@ The direct method method Steps to be followed 1. Find the class mark (x;) or middle values of each group (or class) Lower limit + Upper limit yee 2 2. Change it into Ungrouped Frequency Distribution and calculate fx; for each. 3. Then use the same formula used for Ungrouped Frequency Distribution, wSaral Statistics (ii) Assumed mean method 1. Find the class mark (x;) of each class and Change it into Ungrouped Frequency Distribution _ Lower limit + Upper limit 2 2. Find deviation (d) of each variate (s) from any central value (a). d;= x 3.Find fi, for each then ¥ fy dy 4.Find N= Df 5. Then use the formula «aa dfids east Where, a is assumed mean (any central value of variate xf) JEE | NEET | Class 9,10 Gii) Step Deviation Method ‘In this method, we divide each value of deviation (ai) by any common number say, (b) When values ofx and fare very large Then, x Mode Step -1 Find the class which have max ‘frequency. ‘This is the Modal Class. Step -2 (ff) Mode=¢+ tpg ay GETITON cena]Where, lower limit of modal class. f — frequency of modal class. 4, — frequency of the class preceding modal class. 1, — frequency of the class succeeding modal class. 1h — class interval of modal elass. ‘The cumalative frequency of a class is the frequency obtained by adding the frequencies of all the classes preceding the given class. Median Prepare the cummulative frequency (c£) column, XW Ona = Jena he vate or wSaral 3. Find the class which contain the value oes jus greater than S. Thsis medion cas. 4.Use the formula: Medi: + Representing a cumulative frequency distribution graphically asa cumulative frequency curve, or an ogive of the less than fype and of the more than type. + The median of grouped data can be obtained graphically asthe x- coordinate of the point of intersection of the two ogives for this data, Median = 138.5 Cumlative frequency curve or Ogive curveu y No.of workers 140 160 180 200 cumulative frequency ts of two types and corresponding to these, the ogive Is also of two types. #Less than type Morethan type GETITON cena] JEE | NEET | Class 9,10