2nd Year III semester MATHEMATICS

Chapter 1 Groups (5+5+10=20 Mark’s)

1) Define a group and prove that in a group G, identity element is unique.(SVU M03,)
2) Prove that in a group G, inverse of any element is unique.(SVU M05,07,) 🌟🌟🌟
3) Show that set Q+ of all +ve rational numbers forms an abelian group under the composition defined by
o such that aob = (ab)/3 for a,b €Q+.(SVU M03,D17) 🌟 🌟 🌟
4) Prove that set–Z of all integers form an abelian group w.r.t the operations defined by a*b=a+b+2, for all
a, b € Z.(SVU M09) 🌟 🌟 🌟
5) Prove that the set G of rational (real) numbers other than 1, with operation Ө such that a star b is equal
to a+b-ab for a,b € G is an abelian group. Hence show that x = 3/2 is a solution of the equation 4 Ө 5 Ө
x = 7. (SVU A93,02,13,N16,D18) 🌟 🌟 🌟
6) Prove that concellation laws hold in a group.( SVU O01,N16)
7) Prove that in a group G(≠∅), for a,b,x,y € G, the equation ax = b and ya = b have unique solutions.
( SVU A06,N18)
8) Prove that set of nth roots of unity under multiplication form finite group. (SVU A11)
9) Prove that semigroup (G, .) Satisfying the concellation law’s is a group. (Or) A finite set G with a
binary composition is a group of (.) Is associative and the concellation law’s hold in G.( SVU
O99,14,N16) 🌟🌟🌟
10) Show that the fourth roots of unity form an abelian group with respect to multiplication.
11) Prove that if every element of a group (G, .) is its own inverse, show that (G, .) is an abelian group.
(SVU S93,D17)
12) Prove that set G = {a+b√2/a, b € Q} is a commutative group with respect to edition. (SVU
M05,M12,D18) 🌟🌟🌟
13) Prove that set Z of integers is an abelian group for the operation + defined by a + b = a+ b + 1 for a,b €
Z. (SVU A02) 🌟 🌟🌟
14) Prove that set G = {0,1,2,3,4} is abelian group of order 5 with respect to addition modulo 5.
15) Prove that set G = {0,1,2,3,4,5} is abelian group with respect to addition + 6.(SVU S93,09)
16) Prove that set G = {1,2,3,4} is abelian group of order 4 with respect to X 5.(SVU S93)
17) Show that set of integers {1,3,5,7} form an abelian group w.r.t X8. 🌟🌟🌟

18) Show that the set 2X2 matrices { [ 0x 0x ]

/X(≠0) € R} is an abelian group under matrix multiplication.

(SVU A97)
19) In a group G for every a € G, a² = e prove that G is an abelian group. ( SVU A97)
20) Show that in a group G for a,b € G, (ab)² = a²b² ←→ G is an abelian. ( SVU A93)
21) If G is a group such that (ab)m =ambm for three consecutive integers m for all a,b € G, show that G is an
abelian. (SVU A98,M14 ) 🌟🌟🌟🌟
22) Find order of each element of the multiplicative group G = {1,-1,I,-i}. (SVU M03)
23) If o is defined on Z, of aob = a+b-3 then show that (Z,0) is an abelian group. (SVU D17)
Chapter 2 Sub Groups (5+10=15 Mark’s)
1) Define subgroup. If H is any Subgroup of s group G, then show that H –1=H.(SVU A11,N18
2) If H is any Subgroup of a group G, then show that HH = H. (SVU A11) 🌟🌟🌟
3) Show that a finite non empty complex H of a group G is a Subgroup of G iff a,b € H → ab–1 € H. (SVU
M11,D17) 🌟🌟🌟

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 4) The necessary And sufficient condition for a finite complex H of a group G to be a Subgroup of G is a,b
€ H → ab € H. (SVU M11,N16)
5) If H and K are two Subgroups of a group G, then show that HK is a Subgroup of G iff HK = KH. (SVU
A97,N16,D17) 🌟🌟🌟
6) If H1 and H2 are two Subgroups of group G, then H1∩H2 is also a Subgroup of G.(SVU A13,N16)
7) Show that the union of two Subgroup of a group G is a Subgroup off one is contained in the other.
( SVU M01,D17)
8) Define cosets. If H is Subgroup of a group G and a,b € G then show that Ha = HB <= => ab –1 € H (SVU
A11,N18) 🌟🌟🌟
9) Prove that any two left Cosets of a Subgroups are either disjoint or identical. (SVU D17,N18)
10) If a,b are any two elements of a group G and H any Subgroup of G, then show that a € bH
<= => aH = bH and a € Hb <= => Ha = Hb. 🌟🌟🌟
11) State and prove lagranges theorem. ( SVU M11,N18,D17,M16) 🌟🌟🌟
12) If H is a Subgroup of a group G then show that the relation a=b(mod H) equivalence relation in G.
(SVU D17)

Chapter 3 Normal Sub Groups (5+10=15 Mark’s)

1) Define a normal Subgroup. Show that every Subgroup of an abelian group is normal. (SVU M11, N18)
🌟🌟🌟

2) Prove that a Subgroup H of a group G is normal, if xHx –1 = H for all x € G.(SVU M11,N16,D17) 🌟
3) A Subgroup H of a group G is normal Subgroup of G iff the product of two right Cosets of H in G is

again a right Coset of H in G. (SVU D17,N18) 🌟 🌟🌟

4) A Subgroup H of a group G is normal Subgroup of G iff each left Coset of H in G is a right Coset of H

in G. ( SVU S93,M05) 🌟🌟🌟

5) If G is a group and H is Subgroup of index 2 in G. Show that H is a normal Subgroup. (SVU N18)
6) The intersection of any two normal Subgroups of a group is a normal Subgroup.(SVU D17)
7) If M,N are two normal Subgroup of G such that MnN = {e}. Then every element of M commutes with

every element of N. (SVU S89) 🌟🌟🌟

8) If H is a Subgroup of G and N is a normal Subgroup of G, then show that (I) HnN is a normal Subgroup
of H. (Ii) N is a normal Subgroup of HN.
9) H is a normal Subgroup of G, then the set (G/H) of all Cosets of H in G w.r.t coset multiplication is a
group.

Chapter 4 Homomorphism’s, isomorphism’s of Groups (5+10=15 Mark’s)

1) Define Homomorphism. Let G,G' be two groups and f : G → G’ is homomorphism then show that f(e)
= e' and f(a–1) = [f(a)]–1 , e' € G' , a € G. (SVU S03,N18)
2) Define kernel of a Homomorphism. If f: G→G’ is a Homomorphism then show that Ker f is normal

Subgroup of G. (SVU O02,N16,D17,N18) 🌟🌟🌟

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 3) If for a group G, f: G→G’ is given by f(x) = x², X € G is a Homomorphism, prove that G is abelian.
(SVU S89)
4) State and prove Fundamental Theorem of Homomorphism of a group.(SVU M01,N16,D17) 🌟🌟🌟
5) If ∅ = Z10→Z20 be a Homomorphism defined by ∅(1) = 8. Find Ker f and ∅ (3).
6) If f is a Homomorphism from group (G, .) Into (G', .). Then show that (f(G'), .) is a Subgroup of G'. (Or)
The Homomorphic image of a group is a group.
7) Prove that every Homomorphic image of an abelian group is abelian.
8) Define Homomorphism and isomorphism between two groups. If f:G→G’ is Homomorphism then
show that Isomorphism iff Ker f = {e}. (SVU D17,N18)

Chapter 5 Permutations And Cyclic Groups (5+5+10=20 Mark’s)

1) Define permutation group, show that every permutation can be uniquely expressed as a product of
disjoint angles. (SVU N18)
2) Define odd and even permutations. Show that (1652) is an odd permutation.( SVU N18)
3) If f = (12345876), g=(41567328) are cyclic permutations. Then show that the (fg) –1=g–1f–1. (SVU.D17)
🌟🌟🌟
4) State and prove Cayley's Theorem on permutation groups. (SVU S03,N16,D17) 🌟🌟🌟🌟
5) Find the regular permutation group isomorphic to the multiplicative group {1,–1,I,–i}.
(SVU.O98,D17)🌟🌟🌟

6) Find regular permutation group isomorphic to the multiplicative group {1,w,w²}.(SVU N16) 🌟
7) If f= (123456) show that f²= (246)(135) and f³=(14)(25)(36). (SVU O93)
8) Define order of a permutation. Find order of the cycle (1457)
9) Prove that multiplication of disjoint cycle is commutive.
10) Let Sn be a symmetric group of n symbols and let A n be the group of even permutations. Then show that
An is normal is normal in Sn and O(An) = ½ n!. (SVU M96,O99,O01,M03) 🌟
11) Define cyclic group. If p is a prime number then every group of order p is a cyclic group. Show that a
group of prime order is cyclic. (SVU O98,S03,N18) 🌟🌟🌟
12) Prove that every Subgroup of cyclic group is a cyclic. ( SVU O01,A00,N16,D17) 🌟🌟🌟🌟
13) Prove that quotient group of a cyclic group is cyclic. (SVU S89)
14) Show that every cyclic group is an abelian group. (SVU N18)
15) Show that G = {1,–1,I,–i} is a cyclic group w.r.t multiplication. (SVU D17)
16) Prove that the order of a cyclic group is equal to the order of its generator. (SVU M05,O97)
17) Prove a cyclic group of order n has ∅(n) generators. (SVU A01)

18) Prove that the group ({1,2,3,4},X5) is cyclic and write its generators. 🌟🌟🌟

19) Prove that the group (G={1,2,3,4},X7) is cyclic and write its generators. 🌟🌟🌟
20) Prove that G={1,-1,I,-i} the set of all fourth roots of unity, is a cyclic group w.r.to multiplication.
21) Show that the set of all cube roots of unity, is a cyclic group w.r.to multiplication.
22) Prove that every isomorphic image of a cyclic group is again cyclic. (SVU A93)