San Lorenzo Ruiz Senior High School

Kaalinsabay Rd.Manggahan, Pasig City

Abstract
Since the Philippines is a member of a group of nations that are in the pacific ring of fire, Earthquakes frequently occurs.
Earthquakes happen randomly and cannot be predicted when will it hit by any type of device. Because of this, many lives
are constantly in danger and in order to increase public awareness in earthquake and seismic drill scenarios, Researchers
created an Arduino – based earthquake alarm prototype. The primary components of the Arduino are the accelerometer
sensor and GSM module, both of which generate early warning messages for a certain authorities designated phone
number. To ascertain the efficiency o the created earthquake alert, it was done in a true experimental manner at
increasing the capability of detecting abrupt movements in a facility and enhancing awareness of it. The Arduino uno’s
method is also thought to put a threshold on the accelerometer reducing its sensitivity on detecting unexpected
movements to maintain equilibrium and aligning it to harmful standard earthquake magnitude. The GSM module is
attached to the accelerometer so that it can activate when a predetermine threshold is reached. The other outputs,
including the buzzer and led light, are likewise programmed to the Arduino and contribute increasing the awareness.
After conducting the simulated drill where 40 participants were randomly selected, the data showed that after using an
Arduino based earthquake alarm to conduct an earthquake drill, people inside the school facility became more aware and
conscientious especially of officials receiving an early warning notification, assuring them that movement was detected.

Keywords: Arduino Uno, Earthquake alarm, Accelerometer, GSM module, Early warning system

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Earthquake is a phenomenon wherein the tectonic plates or land masses are in motion. It is unpredictable that it can
even be a hindrance to human lives specially, in economics and agriculture which can also be caused casualties and
deaths. We can only be prepared to be able to mitigate the potential impact of it. However, based on a study on
students' awareness of disasters done by Ahmad et al. (2017) and Pinar (2017), indicated that there was a general lack
of disaster awareness among students. Their research demonstrates that we still have a way to go in terms of
understanding earthquake potential. Thus, the primary solution to promote preparedness is to implement an earthquake
drill. It becomes one of the ways to train our level of awareness. However, the execution of the earthquake drill has
met with a lack of seriousness and slow response. The incident commander and respondents may run into several
issues throughout the drill. Notable issues include faulty fire alarms, dead radios, perplexed students, and difficulty
with coordination and reaction. (Scruggs et al., 2015)

Commonly here in the Philippines, the process of conducting an earthquake drill is by using the traditional alarm which
is the creation of a makeup shift alarm wherein a certain utility person was beating an oxygen tank to produce an alarm
sound that signals the beginning of the drill. However, it is not enough to eliminate the lack of seriousness of people
and their reaction time when it comes to evacuating since it creates confusion due to its sound and also due to its delay
function in real earthquake scenarios. With that stated, automated earthquake detector alarm is much more needed to
diminish those problems and to have proper earthquake drill implementations.

A smart way to make us more aware of calamities is to implement early warning systems. The major part of this study
is an attempt to create an earthquake detector alarm with the usage of an Arduino-Uno board. The Arduino, developed
by Massimo Banzi and other founders, is a low-cost micro-controller board that enables even a novice to achieve
fantastic things in electronics. All types of lights, motors, sensors, and other devices can be connected to an Arduino; a
simple-to-learn programming language can be used to program how the new product acts. You can construct whatever
you can think of, including an interactive display and mobile robots, using an Arduino. (Story and History of
Development of Arduino, n.d.) Moreover, with the assistance of the Arduino board, the accelerometer will be the most
vital module that will be attached. It is possible to estimate the angle of deviation of the static gravitational acceleration
using an accelerometer. The module can measure both dynamic acceleration and when an item is measured from a
vertical plane due to oscillations of low amplitude and frequency (under 100 Hz), such as those caused by shock,
movement, impact, or vibration. The device is embedded in the vibrating object itself, allowing the accelerometer to
transform the vibration energy into an electrical signal that is inversely proportional to the object's instantaneous
acceleration. (How does the accelerometer work? n.d.) The accelerometer will serve as the primary input for the
Arduino in this experiment, which will then transfer its raw data to the other components, causing them to be triggered.
The alarm sound will primarily come from the buzzer.

The development of this tool will motivate us to prepare for potential earthquakes here in the Philippines. For instance,
we are aware of an active fault line called the "West Valley Fault", often referred to as the Marikina fault line, which
originates in the Sierra Madre and extends through Bulacan, Rodriguez, Rizal, Quezon City, and the eastern portion of
Metro Manila, which includes Pasig, Taguig, Muntinlupa, San Pedro, and Sta. Rosa begins in Laguna and ends in
Cavite's Carmona. The Marikina Valley Fault runs through Valle Verde, Green meadows, and Blue Ridge

1
subdivisions, claims the website www.nababaha.com. The fault, which is capable of producing an earthquake with a
magnitude of 7.2, "is ripe for another major movement," according to Phivolcs officials. Bartolome Bautista, the
assistant administrator of Phivolcs, previously stated that the Marikina Valley fault shifts every 200 to 400 years. There
was a significant movement 200 years ago (2017, NRCP - THE BIG ONE PART 2).

This shows that we need to raise our level of readiness and vigilance toward this fault line. These reasons gave urgency
to researchers to formulate an Arduino-based alarm. This device is an open-source electronic prototyping platform,
wherein the researchers can build interactive electronic things using codes. This device is the main component to
manage the basic information coming from several modules. Primarily, the accelerometer can detect sudden
movements or sudden ground shaking, this mainly sends the raw data needed to Arduino to activate the alarm. Hence,
this device will be the researcher's main strategy for increasing public awareness during earthquake drills.

Literature reviews

As technology advances in recent years, some developers invented a compact device called "Arduino" that can manage
certain command that detects certain phenomena such as fire, wind speed, humidity, and "vibration". Moreover, because
it can detect certain movements coming from an earthquake it’s been decided to make an alarm using an Arduino to
automatically sets off an alarm that will raise awareness and give warning to a building that there’s an earthquake
currently happening, hence this will effectively lower the confusion and possible casualties

Most of the study that reviewed by researchers are within the context of Arduino Uno-based alarm that detects an
earthquake. It is composed of several materials including the Arduino, buzzer, LCD, and accelerometer. After that, the
coding process will commence on the Arduino board to comunicate with other components and the attachment of wiring
to send data to the Arduino board.

It was tested physically by shaking the accelerometer to test whether the wiring was successful or not. Frequencies will
appear when it was successful which also indicates that it can detect seismic movements. If the test was unsuccessful,
troubleshooting will start and coding or wiring attachments will repeat.

Moreover, based in the study of (Custodio, A. N., & Gonzales, J. Q. (2019) Quake-sense: Pendulum and Ultrasonic
Sensor-equipped Earthquake Alarm with Liquid Crystal Display and Global System for Mobile Communication Module
version 2.0. Ascendens Asia Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts, 3(2N). and Design and Development Of
Earthquake Alarm Warning System To Save Human Life Using Arduino Uno Atmega328.

In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Indonesian R Summit (Vol. 1, No. 1)) they declared that lack of awareness can cause
severe anxiety in reacting to the earthquake. Hence, the usage of Arduino-based alarms that can detect earthquakes can
diminish those stated problems that we encounter during earthquakes and after their occurrence.

The researchers learned that the concept of precise alarm and monitoring of earthquakes persists despite all scientific
advancements in the field of the ability to detect impending earthquakes using electronic monitoring technologies is still
in the future. Thus, the researchers of this study will formulate an Arduino-based alarm that can mitigate the impact of
earthquakes and also serve as a warning device to raise awareness, promote seriousness, and eliminate confusion.

This experiment will allow us to stay alert and aware before the earthquake occurs. The materials that will be used by the
researchers are affordable and handy, therefore, formulating the Arduino-based alarm will assist us to face earthquakes
effectively.

To further study the Arduino-based alarm’s effectiveness in dealing with real-life earthquake scenarios will test the
awareness of people when conducting earthquake drills.

Conceptual Framework

FIGURE 1.

PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
a. Sensitivity
b. loudness

Arduino - Based
Earthquake alarmrm
 STUDENT’S
PERCEPTION
1. Usefulness
2. Awareness
3. loudness
Research Questions
1. Does an Arduino-based alarm is effective in detecting earthquakes?

1.1 Sensitivity

1.2 SMS notification

2. Does the formulated earthquake alarm exceed the expectations of participants?

2.1 Loudness

2.2 Reliability

3. Can the Arduino based earthquake alarm satisfy the functionality of alerting the people inside the facility?

3.1 Awareness

4. What are the student's perceptions towards the formulated Arduino-based Earthquake alarm?

4.1 Usefulness

Research Hypothesis
 The researchers expect that Arduino-based alarm is effective in detecting earthquakes.

 It out-powers the traditional earthquake alarm when it comes to efficiency.

 The Arduino-based alarm raises awareness about the occurrence of an earthquake to students in SLRSHS.

 The researchers expect that this prototype will lessen the potential casualties of earthquake phenomena.
Scope and Limitations
This research focuses on finding out the Usefulness of Arduino Based Alarm Earthquake Detector on Raising the
Awareness of Ruizians Inside the Facility of SLRSHS. Recent studies and research will be used as references in finding
out what affects the condition and performance of different kinds of Arduino-based Alarm. The study will focus on the
Arduino as a whole and not on its individual parts.
This research will not extend to the advanced factors that affect Arduino’s condition and performance, such as the
complex parts of the Arduino and the special features Arduino manufacturers put in their circuit board design. However,
the basic structure of the design of the Arduino will be covered. It will also show the relation of the factors with one
another.

Definition of Terms
ARDUINO BASED ALARM - As use in this study, this term refers to an open-source electronic prototyping platform
that allows users to create interactive electronic objects. This can be utilized in our study of the utility of an Arduino-
based alarm.
EARTHQUAKE ALARM - This term refers to an earthquake early warning system, which uses accelerometer,
seismometer, communication, computers, and alarms to warn neighboring areas of a major earthquake. This term was
used in our research since the earthquake alarm detection circuit are based on electronic devices, will be extremely useful
in determining high frequency vibrations.
ACCELEROMETER - It shall refer to vibration levels measured in machinery for screening and analysis. it’s a sensor
that produces an electrical signal that is proportional to the acceleration of the vibrating component to which the
accelerometer is attached.
EARTHQUAKE DRILL -An earthquake drill is a practice or preparedness exercise for if an earthquake happens. It tests
how ready people are for when a real earthquake happens. It is usually practiced in schools.
PROTOTYPE DESIGN - A prototype is refers to an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or
process. It is a term used in a variety of contexts, including semantics, design, electronics, and software programming.
TRADITIONAL EMERGENCY ALARM - refers to a system or device that is designed to alert people in a building or
other enclosed space of a potential emergency situation, such as a fire or other hazard. These alarms often consist of loud,
attention-grabbing sirens or bells that are activated manually in response to a specific trigger, such as the detection of
smoke or heat.
GSM MODULE - a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) module is a compact electronic device that
enables communication between mobile devices, such as smartphones or computers, and the cellular network. The
module contains a micro controller unit (MCU), a SIM card interface, and a radio frequency (RF) transceiver, which
allows it to send and receive data over the cellular network.
PCB board - a PCB (printed circuit board) is a board made of insulating material, such as fiberglass or plastic, that
contains conductive pathways etched onto its surface. These pathways, also known as traces, connect various electronic
components, such as resistors, capacitors, and integrated circuits, to form a complete circuit.

METHODOLOGY

Research Design
In this study, the researcher will employ an experimental research design to determine whether an earthquake detector
alarm powered by an Arduino has an impact on both the physical characteristics of the device, such as its loudness,
lighting warning, and size, as well as the environment, such as the reaction time and awareness of nearby residents.
Considering the study tampers with the independent, an experimental approach is the most suitable for this study to
determine a variable's cause and effect since it takes a systematic, scientific approach to examine the relationship
between variables.
Furthermore, by employing this method, the researchers can guarantee that accuracy is maximized and that specific
inferences about a hypothesis about the study's findings can be generated.

Independent variables:
The independent variable will be the Arduino-based alarm earthquake detector. This device is composed of primarily,
Arduino Uno which is the main manager of codes that receives and transmit messages to other modules. Accelerometer
is also one of the components that recognize sudden movements which triggers the buzzer, and GSM module. Buzzer
produces the alarm sound which raise awareness of people on the premises. Moreover, GSM module’s purpose is to
transfer crucial message to a certain smartphone that has a detailed information about the occurrence of an earthquake
and an early warning message. Lastly, LED light will serve as an indicator that the Arduino based-alarm is functioning or
armed.

Dependent Variables:
• Physical properties – The accurate trigger of the buzzer determines the accuracy of the accelerometer. Additionally, the
loudness of the buzzer should be high volume to allow us to have an early warning. Furthermore, the LED light should
effectively capture the attention of people that is it working. Finally, the GSM module must rapidly sends the significant
information about the sudden movements and give early warning to authorities.

• Student’s Perception – The dependent variable which is the physical properties of the alarm may have impact to it is
surrounding environment depending on how effective and useful the materials is. Time reaction of people depends on
how Accurate the alarm will be, if the alarm has a higher accuracy, people may stimuli with higher speed. Plus, the
awareness of people rely based on the precision and loudness of the alarm. Thus, the time of evacuation process will be
much faster.

Controlled Variables:
• The trigger values of the alarm should be above 3.0 magnitude. To elaborate, the limit that will activate the alarm
should have a threshold were it will only be activated if a certain value of magnitude is achieved.

• The alarm will stay on for 3 minutes and will automatically rearmed for in coming after shocks.
• The GSM module which will only send warning to those who is important, this consist of the utilities and personnel,
such as teachers and the principal to further spread the warning from the module.

MATERIALS
 Arduino Uno board
 Buzzer
 Accelerometer (Motion Processing Unit 6050)
 GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) MODULE
 Battery (9V)
 Push button
 Breadboard
 LED
 Power Supply (5V 1 – amps)
 PCB (Printed Circuit board)
 Relay (5V)

PROCEDURE
A. Flow chart of the Procedure

START

ACCELEROMETER PUSH
BUTTON

ARDUINO UNO

IF ABOVE THE
THE ALARM WILL IF NO THRESHOLD/ IF YES
THE ALARM WILL
NOT ACTIVATE PUSH BUTTON
ACTIVATE
IS PRESSED

WILL TRIGGER

AFTER 3
MINUTES BUZZER, GSM
THE ALARM WILL
RE-ARMED MODULE, AND LED
 END

B. Step-by-step Procedure with sub-section

 First Acquisition of the resources for Arduino-based earthquake alarm and preparation for experiment.
 Then Arduino programming and coding of components such as accelerometer, buzzer, led light, GSM module.
 Start preparing each components breadboard for wiring.
 Jumper wire installation on the Arduino board

 After each components such as accelerometer, buzzer, LED light, GSM module is tested by doing trial and error
procedure to know its functionality.
 Then each component is permanently soldered to the PCB board.
 After soldering, the Arduino based-alarm will be transferred to an enclosed, secure location.
 Utilizing the formulated Arduino-based earthquake alarm to test its efficacy on earthquake drills.

C. Testing Procedures
TABLE NO.1
TESTING THE FUNCTIONALITY OF MAIN COMPONENTS
STEP # Description Expected Result Observed Result Pass/Fail
The accelerometer The accelerometer
Coding of is able to detect was able to detect
1 PASS
Accelerometer sudden sudden
movements. movements.
The button is able The button was
to trigger the able to trigger the
2 Coding of Push button PASS
buzzer, LED light, buzzer, LED light,
and GSM module. and GSM module.
The relay is able The relay was
3 Coding of Relay to activate the able to activate PASS
Buzzers. the Buzzers.
4 Coding of GSM module The GSM module The GSM module PASS
is able to send was able to send
SMS notification SMS notification
to assigned to assigned
 cellphone cellphone
number. number.
The LED light is The LED light
able to provide was able to
visual alert and provide visual
5 Coding of LED light PASS
serve as an alert and serve as
indicator for an indicator for
being re armed. being re armed.
All of the All of the
components are components were
Compilation/Porting of
6 able to able to
each components code
synchronize its synchronize its PASS
output. output.
The threshold The alarm only
value is able to trigger if the
limit the value of detected sudden
sudden movement was
movements above the desired
7 Creating a threshold detection to know threshold PASS
its trigger limit otherwise the
Arduino
earthquake alarm
will only be
armed.

Figure 1. Breadboard layout

 Figure 2. Wiring Diagram

After the researchers gathered the materials, the study

proceeded on formulating an Arduino-based
earthquake alarm which is mainly composed of an
Arduino-Uno, accelerometer, buzzer, and GSM module. The coding process begin and the prototype were temporarily
tested on a breadboard to test the output and functionality of each components.

D. Data analysis
The strategy that the researchers will resort to for assessing their developed hypothesis is inferential analysis. The details
that are accumulated will also be used to come up with conclusions that pertain to the study's hypothesis.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Research Question 1: Does an Arduino-based alarm is effective in detecting earthquakes?

1.1 SENSITIVITY

The graphical data provided representation of the output results of the sensor. The data proved reliable due to the

consistency of the results.

Figure 1. Sensitivity test

As the data from the plotter, the accelerometer successfully detects movements ranging from X, Y, and Z axis, which
implies that its accuracy in detecting movements is good and can be trusted, furthermore the threshold that’s been set was
executed, which means that the alarm won’t go off if only small movements was detected. This is also done in the study
of Husni, E., & Laumal, F. (2018). Their accelerometer sends vibration data which are the x, y, and z-axis to the data
base and the server will verify and match the first vibration data on the desired threshold. If the sensors are at the same
scale, the server will activate the earthquake alarm warning thus, this method is used to prevent false alarm or fake
signals.

The trials conducted was a good indication that accelerometer that’s been selected was good at getting data and can be
relied to get useful data in detecting sudden movements.

1.2 SMS NOTIFICATION

Figure 2. Notification Test

The test of GSM module was conducted by pressing the manual alarm button and the automatic output by simulating the
movement, the module successfully sent the warning to the user number that was coded, this also was tested with other
user and successfully receive the notification.
Despite the fast response, the module has a slight interval delay sending to other user due to hardware limitation, but the
module still manages to send the warning to all users successfully without any problems. This serves as early notification
on the people inside a facility. In the study on University of Sendai professor Kensuke Watanabe, with the assistance of
GSM module, they received a warning alert on his cell phone prior to the earthquake. This warning gave him enough
time to instruct his students to take cover under desks and as a result none of his students was hurt during Japan’s worst
recorded
earthquake (Birmingham, 2011).
Research Question 2: Does the formulated earthquake alarm exceed the expectations of participants?

2.1 LOUDNESS

Figure 3. The loudness of Arduino based earthquake alarm system

According to the collected data on the surveys, the participants approve the loudness of the formulated
Arduino-based earthquake alarm system as it produces an audible sound for them to be aware about the
occurrences involving earthquakes. In addition, they also preferred the sound of the Arduino-based earthquake
alarm than the traditional alarm since it gives an early warning and rapid notice.
The audio of the buzzer is able to raise the awareness of people inside a facility. This means the earthquake
alarm are able to make the people alert and aware about what is currently happening in their surroundings.
Moreover, the alarm will get the attention of the people quickly to inform them and gave an early warning
about the drill and real-earthquake scenario.

2.2 RELIABILITY
 Figure 4.Reliability of Arduino-based earthquake alarm

Based on the results of surveys, the respondents trust and approve the Arduino-based Earthquake alarm than the
traditional alarm since the earthquake drill implementation perhaps gave them better reason to rely on the created device.
However, some of them still do not trust the accuracy of the alarm due to its manual button that might cause a false alarm
if somebody press it accidentally or intentionally.

The researchers discover that some respondents did not approve the accuracy and had lack of trust in the earthquake
alarm. Still the prototype became more reliable when it comes to loudness which the participants preferred.

2.3 RELATION OF LOUDNESS AND RELIABILITY

The relation of loudness and reliability depends on how the participants rely on the loudness of the alarm to catch their
attention rap idly. The reliability of the alarm is enhanced when it generates a loud and distinct sound that is recognizable
as an earthquake alert. If the alarm's volume is too low, people may not hear it or mistake it for another sound,
compromising its ability to effectively communicate the presence of an earthquake and prompt appropriate responses. In
other words, while loudness itself may not directly impact the reliability of an Arduino-based earthquake alarm in
detecting seismic activity, it is a critical factor in ensuring the alarm's audibility and effectiveness in alerting individuals
to the presence of an earthquake. The alarm should be designed to accurately detect earthquakes and produce a loud,
recognizable sound to maximize its reliability as a warning system and enhance overall safety.

Research Question 3: Can the Arduino based earthquake alarm satisfy the functionality of alerting the
people inside the facility?

3.1 AWARENESS
Figure 5. Enhancement of awareness during earthquake drills.

The Earthquake alarm can manage to keep the people alert when an earthquake drill/occurrence happen. Thus, the
alertness of people can make them evacuate faster which can basically lessen the potential casualties inside a certain
facility when an earthquake occurs. It was also concluded in the study of Amini Hosseini, K., & Izadkhah, Y. O. (2020)
that earthquake drills and community based disaster risk management programs in the context of “Safe Schools –
Resilient Communities” are highly beneficial for strengthening preparedness and can be duplicated in other earthquake
prone countries.

Based on the gathered information, the researchers found out that the earthquake alarm was able to raise the awareness of
the participants, mainly in alerting them regarding the earthquake drill occurrence. However, few of the respondents
believe that it can only make the people evacuate faster but not to mitigate the potential casualties or impact of the
earthquake and it is not guaranteed that the formulated earthquake alarm can reduce the panic of people inside the facility
when an earthquake occurred.

Research Question 4: What are the student's perceptions towards the formulated Arduino-based
Earthquake alarm?

4.1 USEFULNESS
 Figure 6. Usefulness of Arduino based earthquake alarm system

The installation of Arduino-based Earthquake alarm will less likely to have a delay function than the manual alarm or
traditional earthquake alarm. The automated alarm will be much reliable and rapid in spreading an early warning which
then can allow us to be aware and response to the disaster immediately. This is also stated in the study of Strauss, J. A.,
& Allen, R. M. (2016) wherein they claimed that earthquake alarm system can allow individuals to receive an early
warning prior to sudden movements at a certain area. It is being installed to utilize publically, and prototypically, in
several countries around the world, with the aim of reducing the damage, costs, and casualties resulting from an
earthquake.
The Arduino based earthquake alarm have a characteristic that is better than traditional alarm which is the earlier
function and quick notice. This means that the usage of earthquake alarm can be more useful than traditional alarm. The
accession of the stated device will be more reliable on giving you an early warning on the possible real earthquake
scenarios.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion

In this paper, an Arduino-based alarm system is proposed. Experiments have been conducted to validate the efficacy of
the suggested scheme. The formulated Arduino-based earthquake alarm device is designed to effectively detect sudden
movements and send quick notices via a GSM module. To ensure effective detection of earthquake-like movements, the
device is typically equipped with an accelerometer which is for vibration sensor. These sensors can detect even slight
vibrations and accelerations in multiple axes. The Arduino board processes the data from the sensor and analyzes it to
determine if it indicates an earthquake-like event. Because of these features, the alarm exceeded the traditional alarm in
terms of effectiveness. Based on the accumulated data, the majority of the participants preferred Arduino-based
earthquake alarms over traditional alarms.
It is due to the effective loudness of the formulated Arduino-based alarm. It can raise people's awareness and make the
evacuation process faster when it comes to earthquake drills and early warning, which proves the reliability of the
formulated device. However, there is no certainty that the device will enable us to mitigate the impact of a real
earthquake occurrence and eliminate the panic of people in an earthquake. Moreover, another factor that made the
participants not fully trust the earthquake alarm was the manual button, which can cause a false alarm. Apart from that, in
terms of the perception of the students towards the alarm, the researcher observed a considerable amount of insight from
the participants' insights. Firstly, the Arduino-based earthquake alarm can help reduce panic and chaos during an
earthquake by providing a clear and audible warning that allows students and other people to remain alert and take
appropriate action. The alarm serves as an early warning system that gives rapid notice messages, a visual alert, and a
loud alarm that can grab the attention of individuals and provide them valuable time to take necessary precautions and
evacuate the school facilities and building safely. Hence, the use of an earthquake alarm in a facility can be highly
beneficial in enhancing the awareness and preparedness of people inside the facility for earthquakes.
Overall, the study's findings prove conclusively that Arduino-based earthquake alerts are extremely successful in
increasing people's awareness of earthquakes inside buildings. The alerts greatly increase user satisfaction, boost
readiness, and improve reaction times. These alarms have the potential to save lives and lessen the effects of seismic
occurrences due to their dependable performance and user-friendly design. The installation of Arduino-based seismic
alarms must be given first priority by facility management, which must also make sure that inhabitants receive the
necessary instruction and training. By implementing these methods and raising public awareness, we can make
communities safer and equip people to respond in a timely and appropriate manner in the event of an earthquake.
The consistent functioning and user-friendly design of the system guarantee that users can readily comprehend and
respond to the warnings, creating a pleasant user experience. Moreover, investing in training programs and public
awareness campaigns would further boost the effectiveness of these warnings and encourage wider use. By adopting this
technology and cultivating a culture of readiness, we can dramatically enhance the safety and well-being of individuals
within facilities, lessening the effect of earthquakes and promoting resilient communities.

Recommendation

The study's findings deliver a convincing argument for the usefulness of Arduino-based seismic alerts in boosting
awareness and enhancing safety inside a facility. Implementation of the earthquake alarms dramatically improved
awareness among participants, enabling rapid identification and response to the warning, eventually leading to greater
readiness during seismic events. The alarms also show their benefit in improving reaction time by delivering early
warnings, giving users more time to take appropriate measures like finding open space or leaving during the earthquake.
Participants reported a favorable user experience, as the alarms were straightforward to comprehend and use, permitting
rapid and practical reactions to the alerts. Moreover, the adoption of Arduino-based seismic alerts contributed to an
overall improvement in readiness levels inside the facility. Participants indicated an improved awareness of earthquake
safety procedures and took proactive actions to safeguard their environment, such as finding safe spaces. This heightened
preparation was backed by the consistent operation of the alarms, which displayed a low rate of false alerts and accurate
detection of seismic activity. The confidence created by this reliability assured that participants would respond correctly
whenever the alarm sounded.

Based on the main findings of the study, many critical recommendations may be made to increase the efficiency of
Arduino-based earthquake warning systems in promoting awareness and readiness among facility occupants during
seismic occurrences. First and foremost, facilities should consider installing these alarm systems since they have proven
their usefulness in delivering early warnings and improving reaction time. This proactive strategy can dramatically
increase the safety of those within the structure. To guarantee flawless functioning and user friendliness, developers
should stress straightforward and easy-to-understand design concepts while building seismic alarm systems. This will
help consumers rapidly interpret the warnings and take relevant actions without confusion or delay. In addition, regular
maintenance and testing of the Arduino-based seismic warning systems are necessary to maintain their reliability and
accuracy. Facilities should execute periodic inspections, sensor calibrations, and battery checks to assure good working
and prevent false alarms, ensuring occupants have trust in the system. Furthermore, public authorities and organizations
should launch public awareness campaigns to educate the general public about the benefits of these alarm systems and
urge their wider use. These programs will promote public education, support, and engagement in earthquake preparation
initiatives, thereby enhancing overall safety during earthquake scenarios.

The researchers discovered that one of the study's shortcomings is the lack of backup power for the designed Earthquake
alarm. They recommend considering the use of backup power or solar power to get over this restriction and keep the
device functional even in the absence of electricity. The researchers also consider how critical it is to have a settled
magnitude threshold for the Arduino-based earthquake notification system. They suggest taking into account a threshold
of 3.0 or above because this standard for earthquake response techniques is frequently used. An earthquake of a
magnitude of 3.0 or greater is considered a seismic event and may require evacuation or the installation of suitable safety
precautions (Observation-of-earthquakes, n.d.). By establishing the indicated magnitude threshold, the alarm system may
successfully alert people and prompt them to begin evacuation procedures as necessary. Additionally, the researchers
advise establishing a sim plan for the GSM module to guarantee constant contact and alert transmission to the required
utilities during both seismic simulations. This move would ensure that alerts are issued in a timely manner, allowing the
utilities to act as soon as necessary. Furthermore, the researchers advise adding a calibration code for the accelerometer
to improve the device's capacity to detect sudden movements properly. The alarm system's ability to quickly and
accurately identify unexpected motions would be enhanced by this coding, increasing its earthquake detection accuracy.
The researchers also emphasize the positioning of the whole prototype in a secure area where intruders cannot access the
manual button that can set off false alarms. In order to optimize the device's effectiveness in detecting sudden
movements, they also suggest placing it close to a pillar inside the structure. In order to ensure visibility, simple
monitoring, and the preservation of the device's integrity, it is also advised to place the device in a transparent canister.

Apart from that, to further maximize its validity on environmental impact, the researchers suggest that several locations
be used for the study to increase the generality of the results due to the study's limited external validity caused by its
particular location or facility. To completely comprehend the long-term efficacy of the Arduino-based seismic alert, the
research duration must be prolonged. Incorporating simulations or field studies would also offer a more accurate
evaluation of the alarm's performance in actual situations. To fully assess the impact of the warning, the research should
additionally track participant participation above and beyond awareness levels. The research design might also be
strengthened by integrating other comparative groups and evaluating long-term behavioral consequences. The validity
and efficacy of the earthquake alarm system would be improved by taking into account potential confounding variables
and investigating various methods of communication. Understanding the applicability and practicality of the Arduino-
based alarm system also requires researching various demographics and performing a cost-effectiveness analysis. The
usefulness and practical implications of the alarm would be better understood if these impediments were addressed.

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1Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nehru College of Engineering and
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Liquefaction alarm prototype using arduino uno microcontroller S Saehana1 and A Lala1* 1Sub-Department of Physics
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