Forty-Sixth Annual Columbus State Invitational Mathematics Tournament

Sponsored by
The Columbus State University
Department of Mathematics
March 7rd , 2020

*************************

The Columbus State University Mathematics faculty welcome you to this year’s tourna-
ment and to our campus. We wish you success on this test and in your future studies.

Instructions

This is a 90-minute, 50-problem, multiple choice examination. There are five possible
responses to each question. You should select the one “best” answer for each problem. In
some instances this may be the closest approximation rather than an exact answer. You
may mark on the test booklet and on the paper provided to you. If you need more paper
or an extra pencil, let one of the monitors know. When you are sure of an answer circle the
choice you have made on the test booklet. Carefully transfer your answers to the score sheet.
Completely darken the blank corresponding to the letter of your response to each question.
Mark your answer boldly with a No. 2 pencil. If you must change an answer, completely
erase the previous choice and then record the new answer. Incomplete erasures and multiple
marks for any question will be scored as an incorrect response. The examination will be
scored on the basis of +12 for each correct answer, −3 for each incorrect selection, and 0 for
each omitted item. Each student will be given an initial score of +200.
Pre-selected problems will be used as tie-breakers for individual awards. These problems,
designated with an asterisk (*), in order of consideration are: 4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 17, 21, 25, 27,
29, 33, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46.
Throughout the exam, AB will denote the line segment from point A to point B and
AB will denote the length of AB. Pre-drawn geometric figures are not necessarily drawn to
scale. The measure of the angle ∠ABC is denoted by m∠ABC.
Review and check your score sheet carefully. Your student identification number
and your school number must be encoded correctly on your score sheet.
When you complete your test, bring your pencil, scratch paper and answer sheet to the
test monitor. Leave the room after you have handed in your answer sheet. Please leave
quietly so as not to disturb the other contestants. Do not congregate outside the doors by
the testing area. You may keep your copy of the test. Your sponsor will have a copy of
solutions to the test problems.

Do not open your test until instructed to do so!

I
 All numbers when referred to their digits are considered written in base 10 unless other-
wise stated. Important facts and notations to consider:

• 2020 = 22 · 5 · 101 (prime factorization)

• [XY ZW...] means the area of the polygon XY ZW...

1. How many positive divisors does 2020 have?

(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 11 (D) 12 (E) 13

2. For what values of the real number a does the equation

x2 − ax − a = 0

have two different complex zeros, which are not real numbers?

(A) a > 0 (B) a < 0 (C) 0 < a < 4

(D) −4 < a < 0 (E) a < 4

3. Let x and y be positive integers such that

2020!
5x · 11y
is an integer. What is the largest possible value of x + y?

(A) 695 (B) 697 (C) 699 (D) 701 (E) 703

√
4. ∗ If i = −1, find the sum

1 + i + i2 + i3 + · · · + i2019 + i2020 .

(A) i (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) −1 (E) −i

II
 5. Four distinct straight lines pass through the origin of the coordinate system and inter-
sect the parabola y = x2 − 3 at eight points. What is the product of the x-coordinates
of these eight points?

(A) −81 (B) −9 (C) 0 (D) 9 (E) 81

6. For how many integers n is |n2 + 81n − 2020| a prime number?

(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 6 (E) 8

7. Lockers are numbered with consecutive positive integers beginning with 1, and the
digit 2 is used exactly 106 times (including on the last locker). What is the number of
the last locker?

(A) 240 (B) 245 (C) 250 (D) 255 (E) 260

8. ∗ What is the area enclosed by the graph of

|3x| + |4y| = 12?

(A) 22 (B) 24 (C) 26 (D) 28 (E) 30

9. Let s, t, and r be the solutions of the equation

3x3 − 4x2 + 9x − 6 = 0.
1 1 1
Find + + .
s t r
5 3 1 1 3
(A) − (B) − (C) − (D) (E)
2 2 2 2 2

10. ∗ Let sets A = {1, 2, 3, . . . , 99}, B = {2x|x ∈ A}, and C = {x/2|x ∈ A}. What is the
number of elements of B ∩ C?

(A) 24 (B) 48 (C) 12 (D) 25 (E) 30

III
11. Three different numbers are chosen from the set {1, 2, 3, . . . , 8}. What is the probability
that one of them is the average of the other two?

2 1 9 5 3
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
7 8 56 28 14

12. ∗ For each positive integer n, the quadratic function f (x) = ax2 + bx + c satisfies the
equation

f (1) + f (2) + · · · + f (n) = n3 .

What is the value of the product abc?

(A) −12 (B) −10 (C) −9 (D) −8 (E) −6

13. How many real solutions does the following equation have
√ √
x2 + x−1=1+ x2 + x − 2?

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4

14. ∗ The quadratic function f (x) = x2 − 6x + 2 intersects the x-axis and the y-axis at
three different points. The circle through these three points intersects the graph of f
at a fourth point (a, b). Find the sum a + b.

(A) 14 (B) 12 (C) 10 (D) 8 (E) 6

15. Find the number of solutions of the equation log(x2 + 1) = log3 x.

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2

(D) 3 (E) infinitely many

16. The real numbers x, y, and z satisfy the equation

2019 2019 2019

+ + = 2020.
x+1 y+1 z+1

IV
 Find the value of
x−1 y−1 z−1
+ + .
x+1 y+1 z+1

2014 2017 2012 2018 2015

(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
2019 2019 2019 2019 2019

17. ∗ Find the number of pairs of positive integers (a, b) such that the sum of a and b is a
multiple of 4 and a2 − b2 = 2020.

(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1 (E) 0

18. The real number x satisfies the equation

1
sin x − cos x = .
3

Find the value of sin(2x).

2 4 5 7 8
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
9 9 9 9 9

19. On January 1st, 2020 the Golden Goose laid one golden egg. Every day after January
1st, it laid two more eggs than it did on the day before. How many golden eggs will
have the Golden Goose lay this year by the end of the day on March 7, 2020?

(A) 4096 (B) 4225 (C) 4356 (D) 4489 (E) 4624

20. Find the smallest value of the integer n such that a convex polygon with n sides has
at least 2020 diagonals.

(A) 64 (B) 65 (C) 66 (D) 67 (E) 68

V
21. ∗ The number
1
1
1+
1
2+
1
1+
2 + ···
√
A+ B
can be written in the form , where A and B are integers. Find the value of
2
A+B

(A) 10 (B) 11 (C) 12 (D) 13 (E) 14

22. Let f be a function such that f (x + y) = f (x)f (y), for all integers x and y. If f (1) = 3,
find the value of

f (0) + f (1) + · · · + f (9).

(A) 29524 (B) 29424 (C) 29324 (D) 29224 (E) 29124

23. How many real solutions does the equation

||5x − 4| − 3| = 1

have? (Here, |a| means the absolute value of a.)

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4

ax + b
24. If f (x) = , abcd 6= 0 and f (f (x)) = x, for all x in the domain of f , what is the
cx + d
value of a + d?

(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 6 (E) 8

a+b
25. ∗ Let a ◦ b = . What is the value of ((· · · ((2020 ◦ 2019) ◦ 2018) ◦ · · · ◦ 1) ◦ 0)?
ab + 4
1 1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
20 505 1010 12 2020

VI
 1
26. When expanded as a decimal, the fraction has a repetend (the repeating part of
19
the decimal) that begins right after the decimal point and is 18 digits long. If the last
three digits of the repetend are x21, what is the digit x?

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5

27. ∗ Find the sum of the number N = 12345 and all other five digit numbers obtained by
permuting the digits of N in all possible ways.

(A) 4999960 (B) 399960 (C) 999900

(D) 3999960 (E) 9999600

√
28. Let f1 (x) = 1 − x, and for integers n ≥ 2, we define
√ 
fn (x) = fn−1 n2 − x .

What is the largest value of n for which the domain of fn is nonempty?

(A) 6 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 3 (E) 2

29. ∗ Jane has an infinite number of balls and empty boxes available to her. The empty
boxes, each capable of holding five balls, are arranged in a row from left to right. At
the first step, she places a ball in the first box of the row. At each subsequent step, she
places a ball in the first box of the row that still has room for a ball and empties any
previous boxes. How many balls in total are in the boxes as a result of Jane’s 2020th
step?

(A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 10 (E) 20

30. A right triangle 4ABC has integer side lengths. If BC is its hypotenuse and 2AC =
AB + BC, which of the following is a possible length for one of its legs?

(A) 31 (B) 41 (C) 51 (D) 61 (E) 71

VII
31. Suppose a > 0, b > 0, c > 0 and abc = 1. What is the minimum value of

(a + b)3 + (b + c)3 + (c + a)3 ?

(A) 8 (B) 16 (C) 24 (D) 32 (E) 40

32. Consider the function

 
3π
f (x) = sin 2x + − 3 cos x.
2

If x varies in the set of real numbers, what is the minimum value of f (x)?

(A) 0 (B) −1 (C) −2 (D) −3 (E) −4

33. ∗ For each positive integer n, we define

√
an = sin(π n2 + 5).

Find lim an
n→∞

(A) ∞ (B) 5 (C) 0

(D) 1 (E) does not exist

34. If a < b < c are consecutive prime numbers and the equation ax2 + cx + b = 0 has an
integer root, how many values are possible for b?

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4

35. ∗ Consider the function f defined by f (z) = (4 + i)z 2 + αz + β, for all complex numbers
z, where α and β are complex numbers and i2 = −1. Suppose that f (1) and f (i) are
both real. What is the smallest possible value of |α| + |β|?
√ √ √ √
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 5 (E) 6

VIII
36. If a, b, and c are real numbers such that
√
lim x( ax2 + bx + c − 2x − 1) = 10,
x→∞

find the value of a + b + c.

(A) 41 (B) 45 (C) 49 (D) 53 (E) 57

37. ∗ Let (an )n≥0 be the sequence defined by the formula

1
an = 1 + ,
22n

for any nonnegative integer n. Which of the following is equal to the value of the
product a0 a1 a2 · · · a10 ?

1 1 1
(A) 2 + (B) 2 + (C) 2 +
2210 +1 229 +1 229 −1
1 1
(D) 2 − (E) 2 −
2210 +1 2211 −1

38. ∗ If x1 , x2 , . . . , x2020 are equal to either −2 or 3, which of the following integers M can
be written as

M = x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 + · · · + 2020x2020 ?

(A) 2016 (B) 2017 (C) 2018 (D) 2019 (E) 2020

39. ∗ Find the number of solutions of the equation

x
tan = cot (3x),
2

in the interval [0, 2π]

(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 (E) 7

IX
 40. A cube is dissected into six pyramids
by connecting a given point in the
interior of the cube with each vertex
of the cube. The volumes of five of
these pyramids are 1, 4, 9, 10 and 13.
What is the volume of the sixth pyramid?

(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6

(D) 7 (E) 8

41. ∗ Find the number of pairs (x, y) of positive integers such that

1 1 1
− = .
x y 2020

(A) 20 (B) 22 (C) 24 (D) 26 (E) 28

42. ∗ For a set of n prime numbers, if the sum of any three different primes in the set is
also prime, what is the largest possible value of n?

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5 (E) 6

43. Let a, b, c, x, y, and z be nonzero complex numbers such that

b+c c+a a+b
a= , b= , c= .
x+1 y+1 z+1
If xy + yz + zx = 200 and x + y + z = 100, find the value of xyz.

(A) −196 (B) −192 (C) −188 (D) −184 (E) −180

44. ∗ How many ordered pairs of positive integers (x, y), with x < y, satisfy the equation

x2 + y 2 = 2020?

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 (E) 5

X
 45. ∗ Two chords AB and CD, in a cir-
cle of radius R, are perpendicular at
E (see the Figure). Knowing that
AE = 9, EB = 5 and EC = 12, find R.

65 63 61
(A) (B) (C)
8 8 8
59 57
(D) (E)
8 8

46. ∗ In the adjacent Figure, we have two

Cevians in the triangle ABC, CE and
BD intersecting at F . Knowing that the
areas of the triangles DF C, CF B and
F BE are equal to 2, 6 and 9 respectively,
find the area of the quadrilateral ADF E.

(A) 20 (B) 21 (C) 22

(D) 23 (E) 24

47. For which value(s) of the real number a does the function
(
sin(1/x) if x 6= 0
f (x) =
a if x = 0

admit an antiderivative? That is, for which value(s) of a there exist a differentiable
function F , such that F 0 (x) = f (x), for all real numbers x?

(A) (−∞, ∞) (B) [−1, 1] (C) 0

(D) −1 and 1 (E) none

XI
48. Let a, b, c be the real roots of x3 − 4x2 − 32x + 17 = 0. The solution of the equation
√ √
3
√
3
x−a+ x−b+ 3
x−c=0

M
can be written as , with the fraction in lowest terms. What is the value of M + N ?
N

(A) 1531 (B) 1532 (C) 1533 (D) 1534 (E) 1535

49. What is the value of the limit

 
1 1 1
lim √ +√ + ··· + √ ?
n→∞ 4n2 − 12 4n2 − 22 4n2 − n2

π π π π π
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
6 3 2 4 8

50. Two people agree to meet at a coffee shop. They each independently pick a random
moment in time between 9 a.m. and 10 a.m. and show up exactly at their selected
time. But they are very impatient, and only stay for 5 minutes after when they arrive.
What is the probability that they meet?

19 23 29 31 37
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
144 144 144 144 144

XII