Md.

Shafiqul Islam
Assistant Professor of Mathematics
Department of Quantitative Sciences
IUBAT - International University of Business Agriculture and Technology
4 Embankment Drive Road, Sector#10, Uttara Model Town, Dhaka-1230, Bangladesh.
Room No – 412, Ext – 179, Mobile: 01710-507576.
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
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Lecture – 02 (MAT 147)

Function: Let 𝑋 and 𝑌 be two sets. A relation between 𝑋 and 𝑌 is a set of ordered pairs, each of
the form (𝑥, 𝑦) where 𝑥 is a member of 𝑋 and 𝑦 is a member of 𝑌.

A function from 𝑋 to 𝑌 is a relation between 𝑋 and 𝑌 that has the property that any two ordered
pairs with the same 𝑥-value also have the same 𝑦-value and is written as 𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑌. This is read
as “𝑓 is a function of set 𝑋 into set 𝑌”.

The variable 𝑥 is called independent variable and the variable 𝑦 is called dependent variable.

The set 𝑋 is called the domain of the function and the set 𝑌 is called the co-domain of the
function.

If the element 𝑥 of a set 𝑋 is related to the element 𝑦 of the set 𝑌 then 𝑦 is called the image of 𝑥
and is written as 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥).

The set of the elements of the set 𝑌 which appear as the images of the elements of the set 𝑋 is
called the range of the function.

Many real-life situations can be modeled by functions. For instance, the area 𝐴 of a circle is a
function of the circle’s radius 𝑟. In this case 𝑟 is the independent variable and 𝐴 is the dependent
variable.
Md. Shafiqul Islam
Assistant Professor of Mathematics
Department of Quantitative Sciences
IUBAT - International University of Business Agriculture and Technology
4 Embankment Drive Road, Sector#10, Uttara Model Town, Dhaka-1230, Bangladesh.
Room No – 412, Ext – 179, Mobile: 01710-507576.
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
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Function

5𝑥+1
1. If𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥−3then determine (𝑔𝑜𝑓)(𝑥)and (𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥). Also find
(𝑔𝑜𝑓)(−1)and (𝑓𝑜𝑔)(1).
2. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3 then show that (𝑓 −1 𝑜𝑓)(𝑧) = (𝑓𝑜𝑓 −1 )(𝑧) = 𝑧.
3. Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 1and 𝑔(𝑥) = 5 − 2𝑥. Determine
i. (𝑔𝑜𝑓)(𝑥)and(𝑔𝑜𝑓)(0)
ii. (𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥)and (𝑓𝑜𝑔)(0)
iii. Solve (𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥) + 2𝑥 = (𝑔𝑜𝑓)(𝑥).
4. If𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 then determine (𝑔𝑜𝑓)(𝑥) and (𝑓𝑜𝑔)(5)
5. Let (𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 1 . Determine
i. (𝑓𝑜𝑓)(𝑥)
ii. (𝑓𝑜𝑓𝑜𝑓)(𝑥)
iii. (𝑓𝑜𝑓𝑜𝑓𝑜𝑓)(𝑥)
6. Let f and g be the functions

𝑓(𝑥) = √4𝑥 − 3and𝑔(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 1

Find the value of (𝑔𝑜𝑓)(3) and then find a general formula for the composite function 𝑔𝑜𝑓.
After having found the general formula, verify that this general value gives same value of
(𝑔𝑜𝑓)(3).

7. For each pair of functions, find (𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑔𝑜𝑓)(𝑥).

2𝑥−1
i. 𝑓(𝑥) = and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
5𝑥
3 3
ii. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4 and 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 4
iii. 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2
1
iv. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
x5 1
8. Show that f ( x) = 35 2 x − 1 and g ( x) = + are inverses of each other.
486 2
5𝑥+1 3𝑥+1
9. Prove that 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥−3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥−5 are inverses of each other.
10. Solve (𝑓𝑜𝑔)(𝑥) = (𝑔𝑜𝑓)(𝑥) where 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2