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    M F Ashby Materials Selection in Mechanical Design50

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    This document categorizes common engineering materials into families including metals, ceramics, polymers, glasses, elastomers, and composites. Metals are stiff with high elastic moduli but can be strengthened through alloying and heat/mechanical treatments while remaining ductile. Ceramics also have high moduli but are brittle with low tolerance for stress concentrations. Polymers, glasses, and elastomers span a range of properties in between metals and ceramics. Composites combine different materials to create hybrids with tailored properties.

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    M F Ashby Materials Selection in Mechanical Design50

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    Çağrı UZAY
    24 views1 page
    This document categorizes common engineering materials into families including metals, ceramics, polymers, glasses, elastomers, and composites. Metals are stiff with high elastic moduli but can be strengthened through alloying and heat/mechanical treatments while remaining ductile. Ceramics also have high moduli but are brittle with low tolerance for stress concentrations. Polymers, glasses, and elastomers span a range of properties in between metals and ceramics. Composites combine different materials to create hybrids with tailored properties.

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    M F Ashby Materials selection in mechanical design50

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    This document categorizes common engineering materials into families including metals, ceramics, polymers, glasses, elastomers, and composites. Metals are stiff with high elastic moduli but can be strengthened through alloying and heat/mechanical treatments while remaining ductile. Ceramics also have high moduli but are brittle with low tolerance for stress concentrations. Polymers, glasses, and elastomers span a range of properties in between metals and ceramics. Composites combine different materials to create hybrids with tailored properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    24 views1 page

    M F Ashby Materials Selection in Mechanical Design50

    Uploaded by

    Çağrı UZAY
    This document categorizes common engineering materials into families including metals, ceramics, polymers, glasses, elastomers, and composites. Metals are stiff with high elastic moduli but can be strengthened through alloying and heat/mechanical treatments while remaining ductile. Ceramics also have high moduli but are brittle with low tolerance for stress concentrations. Polymers, glasses, and elastomers span a range of properties in between metals and ceramics. Composites combine different materials to create hybrids with tailored properties.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    3.

    2 The Families of Engineering Materials 33

    Steels
    Cast irons
    Al-alloys
    Metals
    Cu-alloys
    Zn-alloys
    Ti-alloys
    PE, PP, PET,
    Aluminas PC, PS, PEEK
    Silicon carbides PA (nylons)
    Ceramics Composites Polymers
    Silicon nitrides Sandwiches
    Polyesters
    Zirconias Hybrids Phenolics
    Segmented structures Epoxies
    lattices
    foams

    Isoprene
    Soda glass Neoprene
    Borosilicate glass Butyl rubber
    Glasses Elastomers
    Silica glass Natural rubber
    Glass-ceramics Silicones
    EVA

    FIGURE 3.1
    The menu of engineering materials. The basic families of metals, ceramics, glasses, polymers, and
    elastomers can be combined in various geometries to create hybrids.

    common: similar properties, similar processing routes, and, often, similar


    applications.
    Metals are stiff. They have relatively high elastic moduli. Most, when pure,
    are soft and easily deformed. They can be made strong by alloying and by
    mechanical and heat treatment, but they remain ductile, allowing them to
    be formed by deformation processes. Certain high-strength alloys (spring
    steel, for instance) have ductilities as low as 1%, but even this is enough
    to ensure that the material yields before it fractures and that fracture,
    when it occurs, is of a tough, ductile type. Partly because of their ductility,
    metals are prey to fatigue and of all the classes of material, they are the
    least resistant to corrosion.
    Ceramics, too, have high moduli, but unlike metal, they are brittle. Their
    “strength” in tension means the brittle fracture strength; in compression
    it is the brittle crushing strength, which is about 15 times greater. And
    because ceramics have no ductility, they have a low tolerance for stress
    concentrations (like holes or cracks) or for high-contact stresses (at
    clamping points, for instance). Ductile materials accommodate stress
    concentrations by deforming in a way that redistributes the load more
    evenly, and because of this, they can be used under static loads within a
    small margin of their yield strength. Ceramics cannot. Brittle materials
    always have a wide scatter in strength, and the strength itself depends on

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