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C++ has several built-in data types for storing integers, floating-point numbers, characters, and Boolean values. Floating-point numbers are interpreted as double by default, whole numbers as int by default. Numbers can be represented using decimal, binary, and hexadecimal systems. Arrays store a sequence of items accessed using an index.

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23 views3 pages

PDF 3

C++ has several built-in data types for storing integers, floating-point numbers, characters, and Boolean values. Floating-point numbers are interpreted as double by default, whole numbers as int by default. Numbers can be represented using decimal, binary, and hexadecimal systems. Arrays store a sequence of items accessed using an index.

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Yash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Fundamental Data Types 1

Data Types
Terms
Array Floating-point number
Binary system Hexadecimal system
Boolean values Index
Casting Over ow
Characters Run-time error
Compile-time error Stream manipulator
Data type String
Decimal system Under ow

Summary
• C++ has several built-in data types for storing integers (whole numbers), oating-point
numbers (numbers with a decimal point), characters, and Boolean values (true/false).

• Floating-point numbers are interpreted as double by default. To represent a oat, we


have to add the F suf x to our numbers (eg 1.2F).

• Whole numbers are interpreted as int by default. To represent a long, we have to use
the L suf x (eg 10L).

• Using the auto keyword, we can let the compiler infer the type of a variable based on its
initial value.

• Numbers can be represented using the decimal, binary, and hexadecimal systems.

• If we store a value larger or smaller than a data type’s limits, over owing or under owing
occurs.

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Fundamental Data Types 2

• Using the sizeof() function, we can see the number of bytes taken by a data type.

• We can use stream manipulators to format data sent to a stream. The most common
manipulators are setw, xed, setprecision, boolalpha, left, and right.

• The Boolean false is represented as 0. Any non-zero number is interpreted as the


Boolean true.

• In C++, characters should be surrounded with single quotes.

• Characters are internally represented as numbers.

• A string is a sequence of characters and should be surrounded by double quotes.

• We use arrays to store a sequence of items (eg numbers, characters, etc).

• Array elements can be accessed using an index. The index of the rst element in an
array is 0.

• When we store a smaller value in a larger data type, the value gets automatically cast
(converted to) the larger type. When storing a large value in a smaller data type, we
have to explicit cast the value.

• C-style casting involves pre xing a variable with the target data type in parentheses. In
C++, we use the static_cast operator.

• C++ casting is safer because conversion problems can be caught at the compile-time.
With C-style casting, we won’t know about conversion issues until the run-time.

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Fundamental Data Types 3

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