/**************************************************************************

*
* Arduino autoranging AC/DC voltmeter.
* Voltage and frequency are printed on 1602 LCD screen.
* This is a free software with NO WARRANTY - Use it at your own risk!
* https://simple-circuit.com/
*
*************************************************************************/

// #include <LiquidCrystal.h> // include Arduino LCD library

// LCD module connections (RS, E, D4, D5, D6, D7)
// LiquidCrystal lcd(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13);
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>

// define autoranging channel pins

#define CH0 2
#define CH1 3
#define CH2 4
#define CH3 5
// #define Ain 22
const int ADin = 6;

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27,16,2); // set the LCD address to 0x20 for a 16 chars

and 2 line display

const uint16_t Time_Out = 50000, // time out in microseconds

Periods = 10; // number of periods of measurement (for AC
voltage only)

// variables
byte ch_number;
const uint16_t res_table[4] = {2444, 244, 94, 47}, // voltage divider resistances
in tenths kOhms
total_res = 22444; // total resistance in tenths
kOhms
uint16_t current_res;
volatile byte per;

void setup(void)
{
pinMode(CH0, OUTPUT);
// pinMode(A3, INPUT);
pinMode(CH1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(CH2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(CH3, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);

lcd.init(); // initialize the lcd

lcd.backlight();

// lcd.begin(16, 2); // set up the LCD's number of columns and rows

lcd.setCursor(1, 0);
lcd.print("Voltage:");
// Serial.println("remark 1");
analogReference(EXTERNAL);

ch_number = 0;
 ch_select(ch_number);

// ADC and analog comparator configuration

// ADMUX = (1 << REFS0) | (1 << REFS1) | (0 << MUX3) | (0 << MUX2) | (0 << MUX1)
| (0 << MUX0);
ADMUX = 0x03; // Chon dau vao la ADC3
// ADMUX = 0x06; // chọn đầu vào là ADC6
ADCSRA = 0x87; // 10000111 (ADEN ADSC ADATE ADIF ADIE ADPS2
ADPS1 ADPS0) ; division factor 111 = / 128; ADEN =1 -> Enable ADC

ADCSRB = (0 << ACME); // select AIN1 as comparator negative input

ACSR = 0x13; // 00010011 ; turn on analog comparator ; ACD ACBG ACO
ACI ACIE ACIC ACIS1 ACIS0 ; ACI =1 : Analog Comparator Interrupt Flag
// Comparator interrupt on rising output edge ACIS1 ACIS0 =
11

ADCSRA = (1 << ADEN) | (1 << ADIE); //ADEN =1 -> Enable ADC; 1 << ADIE : ADC
interupt Enable / cho phep ngat

// sei();
Serial.println("Cuối vòng setup:");

// analog comparator ISR

ISR (ANALOG_COMP_vect)
{
// Serial.println("remark trong Analog vect:");
byte count = 0;
for(byte i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
if ( ACSR & 0x20 )
count++;
}

if(count > 48)

per++;
}

// main loop
void loop()
{
Serial.println("Đầu vòng lặp loop:");
bool dc_flag = 0; // DC voltage flag bit
int32_t sum = 0; // sum of all readings
uint16_t n = 0; // number of readings (samples)

ACSR = (1 << ACI); // clear analog comparator interrupt flag

ACSR = (1 << ACIE); // enable analog comparator interrupt
// Serial.println("remark 2:");
int adc = analogRead(ADin);
// Serial.print("gia tri A3 la:");
Serial.println(adc);

uint32_t current_m = micros(); // save current millis

byte current_per = per; // save current period number
while ( (current_per == per) && (micros() - current_m < Time_Out) ) ;

if( micros() - current_m >= Time_Out ) { // if there's time out event ==>
voltage signal is DC
 dc_flag = 1;
for (byte i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
ADCSRA |= 1 << ADSC; // start conversion
while(ADCSRA & 0x40); // wait for conversion complete
int16_t an = (int16_t)(ADCL | (uint16_t)ADCH << 8) - 511;
sum += an;
n++; // increment number of readings
delay(1);
}
}

else { // here, voltage signal is AC

current_m = micros(); // save current millis()
per = 0;
while ( (per < Periods) && (micros() - current_m < (uint32_t)Time_Out *
Periods) ) {
ADCSRA |= 1 << ADSC; // start conversion
while(ADCSRA & 0x40); // wait for conversion complete
int32_t an = (int16_t)(ADCL | (uint16_t)ADCH << 8) - 511;
sum += sq(an); // sq: square
n++; // increment number of readings
}
}

ACSR = (0 << ACIE); // disable analog comparator interrupt

uint32_t total_time = micros() - current_m; // used to claculate frequency

// voltage calculation
float v;
if(dc_flag) // if voltage signal is DC
v = (4 * sum)/n; // calculate Arduino analog channel DC voltage in milli-
Volts

else // here voltage signal is AC

v = 4 * sqrt(sum/n); // calculate Arduino analog channel RMS voltage in
milli-Volts

// claculate actual (input) voltage in milli-Volts (apply voltage divider

equation)
v = v * (float)total_res/current_res;
v /= 1000; // get voltage in Volts

uint16_t v_abs = abs(int16_t(v));

if( (v_abs >= 10 && ch_number == 0) || (v_abs >= 100 && ch_number == 1) || (v_abs
>= 250 && ch_number == 2) ) {
ch_number++;
ch_select(ch_number);
delay(10);
return;
}

if( (v_abs < 220 && ch_number == 3) || (v_abs < 80 && ch_number == 2) || (v_abs <
8 && ch_number == 1) ) {
ch_number--;
ch_select(ch_number);
delay(10);
return;
}
 char _buffer[8];
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
if( v < 0)
lcd.print('-');
else
lcd.print(' ');
if(v_abs < 10)
sprintf( _buffer, "%01u.%02u", v_abs, abs((int16_t)(v * 100)) % 100 );
else if( v_abs < 100)
sprintf( _buffer, "%02u.%01u", v_abs, abs((int16_t)(v * 10)) % 10 );
else
sprintf( _buffer, "%03u ", v_abs );

lcd.print(_buffer);
if(dc_flag)
lcd.print("VDC ");
else {
lcd.print("VAC ");
// calculate signal frequency in Hz
uint32_t period_time = total_time/Periods;
float freq = 1000000.0/period_time;
sprintf( _buffer, "%02u.%02uHz", (uint16_t)freq % 100, (uint16_t)(freq * 100) %
100 );
lcd.print(_buffer);
}

delay(500); // wait half a second

void ch_select(byte n) {
switch(n) {
case 0:
digitalWrite(CH0, HIGH);
digitalWrite(CH1, LOW);
digitalWrite(CH2, LOW);
digitalWrite(CH3, LOW);
break;
case 1:
digitalWrite(CH0, LOW);
digitalWrite(CH1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(CH2, LOW);
digitalWrite(CH3, LOW);
break;
case 2:
digitalWrite(CH0, LOW);
digitalWrite(CH1, LOW);
digitalWrite(CH2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(CH3, LOW);
break;
case 3:
digitalWrite(CH0, LOW);
digitalWrite(CH1, LOW);
digitalWrite(CH2, LOW);
digitalWrite(CH3, HIGH);
}
current_res = res_table[n];
}
// end of code.