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True RMS

This Arduino code implements an autoranging voltmeter that measures AC or DC voltage signals and displays the voltage and frequency readings on an LCD screen. It uses an analog comparator to detect the voltage signal type and selects the appropriate voltage measurement method. The measured voltage is then processed using the voltage divider resistor values to determine the actual input voltage. The voltage and frequency readings are continuously updated and displayed on the LCD screen. The code also implements automatic range switching to ensure the voltage reading remains within the display range.

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nguyen van AN
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62 views5 pages

True RMS

This Arduino code implements an autoranging voltmeter that measures AC or DC voltage signals and displays the voltage and frequency readings on an LCD screen. It uses an analog comparator to detect the voltage signal type and selects the appropriate voltage measurement method. The measured voltage is then processed using the voltage divider resistor values to determine the actual input voltage. The voltage and frequency readings are continuously updated and displayed on the LCD screen. The code also implements automatic range switching to ensure the voltage reading remains within the display range.

Uploaded by

nguyen van AN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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/**************************************************************************

*
* Arduino autoranging AC/DC voltmeter.
* Voltage and frequency are printed on 1602 LCD screen.
* This is a free software with NO WARRANTY - Use it at your own risk!
* https://simple-circuit.com/
*
*************************************************************************/

// #include <LiquidCrystal.h> // include Arduino LCD library


// LCD module connections (RS, E, D4, D5, D6, D7)
// LiquidCrystal lcd(8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13);
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>

// define autoranging channel pins


#define CH0 2
#define CH1 3
#define CH2 4
#define CH3 5
// #define Ain 22
const int ADin = 6;

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27,16,2); // set the LCD address to 0x20 for a 16 chars


and 2 line display

const uint16_t Time_Out = 50000, // time out in microseconds


Periods = 10; // number of periods of measurement (for AC
voltage only)

// variables
byte ch_number;
const uint16_t res_table[4] = {2444, 244, 94, 47}, // voltage divider resistances
in tenths kOhms
total_res = 22444; // total resistance in tenths
kOhms
uint16_t current_res;
volatile byte per;

void setup(void)
{
pinMode(CH0, OUTPUT);
// pinMode(A3, INPUT);
pinMode(CH1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(CH2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(CH3, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);

lcd.init(); // initialize the lcd

lcd.backlight();

// lcd.begin(16, 2); // set up the LCD's number of columns and rows


lcd.setCursor(1, 0);
lcd.print("Voltage:");
// Serial.println("remark 1");
analogReference(EXTERNAL);

ch_number = 0;
ch_select(ch_number);

// ADC and analog comparator configuration


// ADMUX = (1 << REFS0) | (1 << REFS1) | (0 << MUX3) | (0 << MUX2) | (0 << MUX1)
| (0 << MUX0);
ADMUX = 0x03; // Chon dau vao la ADC3
// ADMUX = 0x06; // chọn đầu vào là ADC6
ADCSRA = 0x87; // 10000111 (ADEN ADSC ADATE ADIF ADIE ADPS2
ADPS1 ADPS0) ; division factor 111 = / 128; ADEN =1 -> Enable ADC

ADCSRB = (0 << ACME); // select AIN1 as comparator negative input


ACSR = 0x13; // 00010011 ; turn on analog comparator ; ACD ACBG ACO
ACI ACIE ACIC ACIS1 ACIS0 ; ACI =1 : Analog Comparator Interrupt Flag
// Comparator interrupt on rising output edge ACIS1 ACIS0 =
11

ADCSRA = (1 << ADEN) | (1 << ADIE); //ADEN =1 -> Enable ADC; 1 << ADIE : ADC
interupt Enable / cho phep ngat

// sei();
Serial.println("Cuối vòng setup:");

// analog comparator ISR


ISR (ANALOG_COMP_vect)
{
// Serial.println("remark trong Analog vect:");
byte count = 0;
for(byte i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
if ( ACSR & 0x20 )
count++;
}

if(count > 48)


per++;
}

// main loop
void loop()
{
Serial.println("Đầu vòng lặp loop:");
bool dc_flag = 0; // DC voltage flag bit
int32_t sum = 0; // sum of all readings
uint16_t n = 0; // number of readings (samples)

ACSR = (1 << ACI); // clear analog comparator interrupt flag


ACSR = (1 << ACIE); // enable analog comparator interrupt
// Serial.println("remark 2:");
int adc = analogRead(ADin);
// Serial.print("gia tri A3 la:");
Serial.println(adc);

uint32_t current_m = micros(); // save current millis


byte current_per = per; // save current period number
while ( (current_per == per) && (micros() - current_m < Time_Out) ) ;

if( micros() - current_m >= Time_Out ) { // if there's time out event ==>
voltage signal is DC
dc_flag = 1;
for (byte i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
ADCSRA |= 1 << ADSC; // start conversion
while(ADCSRA & 0x40); // wait for conversion complete
int16_t an = (int16_t)(ADCL | (uint16_t)ADCH << 8) - 511;
sum += an;
n++; // increment number of readings
delay(1);
}
}

else { // here, voltage signal is AC


current_m = micros(); // save current millis()
per = 0;
while ( (per < Periods) && (micros() - current_m < (uint32_t)Time_Out *
Periods) ) {
ADCSRA |= 1 << ADSC; // start conversion
while(ADCSRA & 0x40); // wait for conversion complete
int32_t an = (int16_t)(ADCL | (uint16_t)ADCH << 8) - 511;
sum += sq(an); // sq: square
n++; // increment number of readings
}
}

ACSR = (0 << ACIE); // disable analog comparator interrupt


uint32_t total_time = micros() - current_m; // used to claculate frequency

// voltage calculation
float v;
if(dc_flag) // if voltage signal is DC
v = (4 * sum)/n; // calculate Arduino analog channel DC voltage in milli-
Volts

else // here voltage signal is AC


v = 4 * sqrt(sum/n); // calculate Arduino analog channel RMS voltage in
milli-Volts

// claculate actual (input) voltage in milli-Volts (apply voltage divider


equation)
v = v * (float)total_res/current_res;
v /= 1000; // get voltage in Volts

uint16_t v_abs = abs(int16_t(v));


if( (v_abs >= 10 && ch_number == 0) || (v_abs >= 100 && ch_number == 1) || (v_abs
>= 250 && ch_number == 2) ) {
ch_number++;
ch_select(ch_number);
delay(10);
return;
}

if( (v_abs < 220 && ch_number == 3) || (v_abs < 80 && ch_number == 2) || (v_abs <
8 && ch_number == 1) ) {
ch_number--;
ch_select(ch_number);
delay(10);
return;
}
char _buffer[8];
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
if( v < 0)
lcd.print('-');
else
lcd.print(' ');
if(v_abs < 10)
sprintf( _buffer, "%01u.%02u", v_abs, abs((int16_t)(v * 100)) % 100 );
else if( v_abs < 100)
sprintf( _buffer, "%02u.%01u", v_abs, abs((int16_t)(v * 10)) % 10 );
else
sprintf( _buffer, "%03u ", v_abs );

lcd.print(_buffer);
if(dc_flag)
lcd.print("VDC ");
else {
lcd.print("VAC ");
// calculate signal frequency in Hz
uint32_t period_time = total_time/Periods;
float freq = 1000000.0/period_time;
sprintf( _buffer, "%02u.%02uHz", (uint16_t)freq % 100, (uint16_t)(freq * 100) %
100 );
lcd.print(_buffer);
}

delay(500); // wait half a second

void ch_select(byte n) {
switch(n) {
case 0:
digitalWrite(CH0, HIGH);
digitalWrite(CH1, LOW);
digitalWrite(CH2, LOW);
digitalWrite(CH3, LOW);
break;
case 1:
digitalWrite(CH0, LOW);
digitalWrite(CH1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(CH2, LOW);
digitalWrite(CH3, LOW);
break;
case 2:
digitalWrite(CH0, LOW);
digitalWrite(CH1, LOW);
digitalWrite(CH2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(CH3, LOW);
break;
case 3:
digitalWrite(CH0, LOW);
digitalWrite(CH1, LOW);
digitalWrite(CH2, LOW);
digitalWrite(CH3, HIGH);
}
current_res = res_table[n];
}
// end of code.

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