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    Bridging Math Matrix

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    Htoo Kyaw Hlaing
    A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers arranged in rows and columns. The order of a matrix refers to the number of rows and columns, written as m x n. Matrices can be added, subtracted, multiplied by a constant, and transposed. Matrix multiplication is only defined if the number of columns of the first matrix equals the number of rows of the second matrix. The identity matrix I satisfies the properties AI = IA = A and AA-1 = A-1A = I. The inverse of a 2 x 2 matrix can be calculated. Simultaneous equations can be written and solved using matrix notation by setting up the equations as AX = B and solving for X = A-1B.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Bridging Math Matrix

    Uploaded by

    Htoo Kyaw Hlaing
    29 views4 pages
    A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers arranged in rows and columns. The order of a matrix refers to the number of rows and columns, written as m x n. Matrices can be added, subtracted, multiplied by a constant, and transposed. Matrix multiplication is only defined if the number of columns of the first matrix equals the number of rows of the second matrix. The identity matrix I satisfies the properties AI = IA = A and AA-1 = A-1A = I. The inverse of a 2 x 2 matrix can be calculated. Simultaneous equations can be written and solved using matrix notation by setting up the equations as AX = B and solving for X = A-1B.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers arranged in rows and columns. The order of a matrix refers to the number of rows and columns, written as m x n. Matrices can be added, subtracted, multiplied by a constant, and transposed. Matrix multiplication is only defined if the number of columns of the first matrix equals the number of rows of the second matrix. The identity matrix I satisfies the properties AI = IA = A and AA-1 = A-1A = I. The inverse of a 2 x 2 matrix can be calculated. Simultaneous equations can be written and solved using matrix notation by setting up the equations as AX = B and solving for X = A-1B.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views4 pages

    Bridging Math Matrix

    Uploaded by

    Htoo Kyaw Hlaing
    A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers arranged in rows and columns. The order of a matrix refers to the number of rows and columns, written as m x n. Matrices can be added, subtracted, multiplied by a constant, and transposed. Matrix multiplication is only defined if the number of columns of the first matrix equals the number of rows of the second matrix. The identity matrix I satisfies the properties AI = IA = A and AA-1 = A-1A = I. The inverse of a 2 x 2 matrix can be calculated. Simultaneous equations can be written and solved using matrix notation by setting up the equations as AX = B and solving for X = A-1B.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Matrices

    Definitions
    A Matrix is a set of numbers arranged in rows and columns so as to form a rectangular array.

    The numbers are called the elements, or entries, of the matrix.

    If there are m rows and n columns in a matrix, the order of the matrix is said to be an “m by n”
    matrix, written “ m  n ”.

    p q r
     s t u
     1 3 1 3 8
    Example: (i)   , (ii)   , (iii)   .
     −2 6 22  2 −4 5 23 v w z
     
     2 5 8  43

    Addition and Subtraction Matrices


    In addition of matrices, the matrices must be in the same order.

    5 9  3 4
    Example: If A =   and B =   , find A + B, B + A, B − A and A − B.
     2 1  −2 1 

    Multiplication with a Constant


    When a matrix is multiplied by a constant number, all the entries in the matrix must be
    multiplied by that constant number.

    5 9 1
    Example: If a matrix A =   , find 3 A, −6 A and A.
     2 1 2

    Transpose of Matirces
    The transpose of a matrix A is changing the entries of the row to the column and m  n matrix
    A becomes n  m matrix AT or A.
    Example: Find the transpose of each matrices:

    p q r
     s t u
     1 3 1 3 8
    (i)   , (ii)   , (iii)   .
     −2 6 22  2 −4 5 23 v w z
     
     2 5 8  43

    Multiplication of Matrices
    When the two matrices are multiplying, the number of columns in the first matrix must be equal
    to the number of rows in the second matrix and multiply the correspondence entries of nth row
    from the 1st matrix by the correspondence entries of nth column from the 2nd matrix.

     2 −3 1
     2 4 2 3 1  1 2 4 
    Example: If A =   ,B =   , C =  −1 1 1 and D = 
    3 1 −2
    , check
    5 1  1 −2 −3  4 2 1 

    the following that there is a multiplication exist or not.


    (i) AB (ii) BA (iii) AD (iv) DA (iv) CB (v) CB (vi) AA (v) CD (vi) DC
    Identities Matrix (I)

    1 0 
    The identities matrix is I =   and it has the following properties:
     0 1 
    (i) AI = IA = A

    (ii) AA−1 = A−1 A = I

    2 4 5 9
    Example: Prove the above (i) and (ii) when (a) A =   (b) B =  
    5 1   2 1

    Inverse of a 2 × 2 Matrix

    a b 
    The inverse of a matrix A =   is defined as
    c d 

    1  d −b 
    A−1 =
    det A  −c a 
    ,

    1  d −b 
    det A = ad − bc  A−1 =
    ad − bc  −c a 
    .

    Example: Find the inverse of the following matrices:

    2 4 5 9  1 3
    (i) A =   (ii) B =   (iii)  
    5 1   2 1  −2 6 

    Solving Simultaneous Equations


    When the two simultaneous equations are: ax + by = r , px + qy = t

     a b   x  r 
    The matrices equation form as    =  
     p q  y  t 

     a b  x r 
    By letting A =   , X =   , B =   , the equation becomes
     p q  y t 
    AX = B
    AA−1 X = A−1B
    IX = A−1B
    X = A −1 B

    Exercises
    Solve the following by changing matrix form:
    (i) 2 x + 3 y = 7,3 x + 4 y = 10.
    (ii) 2 x + 3 y = 9, x + y = 4
    (iii) 2m − 4n = −20,3n − 3m = 12
    (iv) 6 g + 5h = 40,3 g − 2h = 11

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