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DC Generator

The document discusses the construction and operation of a DC generator. It describes the key components of a DC generator including the field system, armature core, armature winding, commutator and brushes. It also discusses how the commutator and brushes allow the alternating current generated in the armature winding to exit the generator in the same direction.

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Darvid Wycoco II
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24 views15 pages

DC Generator

The document discusses the construction and operation of a DC generator. It describes the key components of a DC generator including the field system, armature core, armature winding, commutator and brushes. It also discusses how the commutator and brushes allow the alternating current generated in the armature winding to exit the generator in the same direction.

Uploaded by

Darvid Wycoco II
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DC GENERATOR

An electric generator is a machine transforming mechanical energy into


electricity. The electrical generator is based on the idea that an EMF is
produced if a conductor cuts flux which will allow a current to flow when
the conductor circuit is closed.
Fleming's right hand rule gives the direction of induced EMF (and hence current).

1. Magnetic field
2. Conductor
3. Motion of conductor with relation to the magnetic field

Consider a single ABCD turn loop rotating in clockwise direction in a uniform


magnetic field with constant velocity as shown in Fig.(1.1). The flux linking the
coil sides AB and CD constantly varies as the loop rotates. So the EMF induced
in these coil sides also varies, but the EMF induced in one side of the coil
contributes to the induced in the other.
Construction of D.C. Generator. The d.c. generators and d.c. motors have no
difference in general construction. In fact, when the machine is being constructed,
the workmen usually do not identify whether it is a d.c. generator or motor. Any
d.c. generator can be run as a d.c. motor and vice-versa. All d.c. machines have
five principal components ., (1) field system (2) armature core (3) armature
winding (4) commutator (5) brushes [See Fig. 1.7].
TYPES OF ARMATURE
WINDING
Wave winding

Lap winding
Function of Commutator and brushes. In the armature winding of a D.C.
generator, the EMF generated is alternating in nature. The Commutator and
brushes allow the generated current in the armature winding, always in the same
direction between the generator terminals. It can be found in lap as well as wave
winding, currents in the coils to a brush are either all directed towards the brush
(positive brush) or all guided away from the brush (negative brush). As it hits the
brush, the direction of current in the coil reverses.
M = Multiplicity factor
= 1, for simplex
= 2, for duplex
+ = for progressive winding (winding spread from left to
right),
- = for retrogressive winding (winding spread from right to
left)

Where: Y = average pitch


Z = On the surface of the armature core, total number of
winding elements
P = number of poles
Minimum number of elements per slot (when is not specified)
Simplex = 2, Duplex = 4, Triplex = 6, Quadruplex = 8
Total number of elements or conductor (Z)
𝑍 = (𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠/𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡)(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡)

Number of brushes (when is not specified)


𝑁𝑙𝑎𝑝 = 𝑃 𝑁𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 2
Number of commutator
segments: 𝑁𝑐 = 𝑍/2
Number of armature current paths
𝐴𝑙𝑎𝑝 = 𝑚𝑃 𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 2𝑚

Coil Pitch
𝑌𝑠 = (𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠)/(𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟
𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒)
Example 1: A four pole, DC Generator with lap winding has 48
slots and 4 elements per slot. How many coils does it have ?

𝑁 =(4 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 /𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡) (1 𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙/2 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠) (48 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠)


𝑁 = 96 𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑠

Example 2: If the armature of an eight-pole machine were


wound with simplex wave winding, how many parallel paths
would be there be?
𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 2𝑚
𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 2(2)
𝐴𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 4 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠
GENERAL EQUATION OF
GENERATED EMF OF A DC
GENERATOR

Where: E = generated EMF


P = number of poles
N = armature core speed in rpm
Z = total number of elements or conductors
F = flux of pole in weber, 1 Weber = 1 x 10^8 maxwell
a = number of armature current paths
k = proportionality constant

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