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Motion in Two Dimensions

The document discusses two-dimensional motion, projectile motion, and provides sample problems. It describes how a particle's velocity can change in both magnitude and direction over time in two dimensions. Projectile motion assumes constant acceleration due to gravity and negligible air resistance, following a curved trajectory. Sample problems calculate position, velocity, time, height, and range for objects in two-dimensional and projectile motion.

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elchappoo kalbo
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195 views14 pages

Motion in Two Dimensions

The document discusses two-dimensional motion, projectile motion, and provides sample problems. It describes how a particle's velocity can change in both magnitude and direction over time in two dimensions. Projectile motion assumes constant acceleration due to gravity and negligible air resistance, following a curved trajectory. Sample problems calculate position, velocity, time, height, and range for objects in two-dimensional and projectile motion.

Uploaded by

elchappoo kalbo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Motion in Two

Dimensions
Motion in Two Dimensions
Changes occurring when a particle
accelerates in two dimensions
a) magnitude of velocity (speed)
may change with time
b) the direction of the velocity
vector may change with time even if
its magnitude (speed) remains
constant
c) both magnitude and direction of
the velocity vector changes with
time
Motion in Two Dimensions
Motion in two dimensions can be modeled as two independent
motions in each of the two perpendicular directions associated with
the x and y axes.
Motion in Two Dimensions
Sample Problem
A particle moves in the 𝑥𝑦 plane, starting from the origin at 𝑡=0 with an initial
velocity having an 𝑥 component of 20m/s and a 𝑦 component of -15m/s. The
particle experiences an acceleration in the 𝑥 direction, given by 𝑎𝑥 = 4.0𝑚/𝑠 2 .
a. Determine the total velocity vector at any later time.
Sample Problem
A particle moves in the 𝑥𝑦 plane, starting from the origin at 𝑡=0 with an initial
velocity having an 𝑥 component of 20m/s and a 𝑦 component of -15m/s. The
particle experiences an acceleration in the 𝑥 direction, given by 𝑎𝑥 = 4.0𝑚/𝑠 2 .
b. Calculate the velocity of the particle at t=5.0s and the angle of the velocity
vector makes with the x-axis.

c. Determine the x and y coordinates of the particle at any time t and its position
vector at this time.
Projectile Motion
Associated with objects that travel a curved path before returning to
the ground
Assumes the following:
a. the free-fall acceleration is constant
b. the effect of air resistance is negligible
The path of the projectile is called the trajectory.
Projectile Motion
With respect to x-axis With respect to y-axis

𝑣𝑥𝑓 = 𝑣𝑥𝑖 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 𝑥𝑓 = 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑣𝑥𝑖 𝑡 𝑣𝑦𝑓 = 𝑣𝑦𝑖 − 𝑔𝑡

1 1
𝑥𝑓 = 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑣𝑥𝑖 + 𝑣𝑥𝑓 𝑡 𝑦𝑓 = 𝑦𝑖 + 𝑣𝑦𝑖 + 𝑣𝑦𝑓 𝑡
2 2

2 2 2 2
𝑣𝑥𝑓 = 𝑣𝑥𝑖 + 2𝑎𝑥 𝑥𝑓 − 𝑥𝑖 𝑣𝑦𝑓 = 𝑣𝑦𝑖 − 2𝑔 𝑦𝑓 − 𝑦𝑖
1 1 2
𝑥𝑓 = 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑣𝑥𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 2 𝑦𝑓 = 𝑦𝑖 + 𝑣𝑦𝑖 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡
2 2
Projectile Motion
Projectile Motion

How do we derive for the formula of the height and the horizontal
range in terms of 𝑣𝑖 , 𝜃𝑖 and g?
Projectile Motion
How is the maximum range evaluated?
Sample Problem
A motorcycle stunt rider rides off the edge of a cliff. Just at the edge
his velocity is horizontal, with magnitude 9.0 m/s. Find the
motorcycle’s position, distance from the edge of the cliff, and
velocity 0.50 s after it leaves the edge of the cliff. Ignore air
resistance.
Sample Problem
𝑥𝑓 = 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑣𝑥𝑖 𝑡 𝑥𝑓 = 0 + 9𝑚/𝑠 0.5𝑠 = 4.5𝑚
1 2 1 9.81𝑚
𝑦𝑓 = 𝑦𝑖 + 𝑣𝑦𝑖 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 𝑦𝑓 = 0 + 0 − 0.5𝑠 2 = −1.2𝑚
2 2 𝑠2
𝑟= 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 4.5𝑚 2 + −1.2𝑚 2 = 4.7𝑚

9.81𝑚
𝑣𝑥𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 = 9𝑚/𝑠 𝑣𝑦𝑓 = 𝑣𝑦𝑖 − 𝑔𝑡 = 0 − 0.5𝑠 = −4.9𝑚/𝑠
𝑠

2 −1
𝑣𝑦 −4.9
𝑣= 𝑣𝑥 2 + 𝑣𝑦 = 92 + 4.92 = 10.2 𝑚/𝑠 𝜃= tan = tan−1 = −29°
𝑣𝑥 9

The motorcycle is moving at 10.2 m/s in a direction 29° below the horizontal.
Sample Problem
A batter hits a baseball so that it leaves the bat at speed 𝑣0 = 37.0
m/s at an angle 𝜃0 = 53.1°. (a) Find the position of the ball and its
velocity (magnitude and direction) at t = 2.00 s. (b) Find the time
when the ball reaches the highest point of its flight, and its height h
at this time. (c) Find the horizontal range R—that is, the horizontal
distance from the starting point to where ball hits the ground—and
the ball’s velocity just before it hits.

a) x=44.4m, y=39.6m, v=24.4m/s, 𝜃 = 24.2°


b) t=3.02s, h=44.7m
c) t=6.04s, R=134m, 𝑣𝑦 =-29.6m/s

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