OBJECTIVES:

1.
2.
3.
4.
•HOW MUCH TIME DO YOU SPEND ON USING COMPUTER?
•HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW AND UNDERSTAND ABOUT YOUR
COMPUTER?
COMPUTER
An automatic electronic apparatus for making calculations or
controlling operations that are expressible in numerical or
logical terms. – Oxford Dictionary
COMPUTER
It is an electronic device which is capable of receiving
information or data and perform a series of operations in
accordance with a set of operations. This produces results in
the form of data or information.
 EVOLUTION
OF COMPUTERS
 COMPUTING IN THE MECHANICAL ERA

The first mechanical calculating apparatus was the abacus,

which was invented in 500 BC in Babylon.
In 1962, Blaise Pascal designed a calculator
that employed gears and wheels, and it
became a practical mechanical computing
calculator that is available in 1800s.
This machine could calculate facts but was
not able to use a program to compute
numerical facts.
 COMPUTING IN THE MECHANICAL ERA

In 1823, Charles Babbage, aided by Augusta

Ada Byron, the Countess of Lovelace, started
an ambitious project of producing a
programmable calculating machine for Royal
Navy of Great Britain.
The mechanical machine was named the
Analytical Engine, and it was given through
punched cards.
 COMPUTING IN THE ELECTRICAL ERA

With the availability of electric motors in 1800,

a host of motor-operated calculating machine
based on Pascal’s calculator was developed.
A mechanical machine, driven by single
electric motor, was developed in 1889 by
Herman Hollerith to count, sort, and collate
data stored on punched cards.
 COMPUTING IN THE ELECTRICAL ERA
Hollerith formed the Tabulating Machine Company in 1896.
This company soon merged into International Business Machines
(IBM) and the mechanical computing machine business thrived.
In 1941, Konrad Zuse developed the first electronic calculating
computer, Z3.
However, Alan Turing is credited with developing the first electronic
computer in 1943, a computer system named the Colossus, a fixed-
program computer.
COMPUTING IN THE ELECTRICAL ERA

Konrad Zuse and Z3

COMPUTING IN THE ELECTRICAL ERA

Alan Turing’s Colossus

 COMPUTING IN THE ELECTRICAL ERA
ENIAC (1946), the Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Calculator, the first general-purpose electronic digital
computer was completed by J.W. Mauchly and S.P. Eckert of
the University of Pennsylvania.
The IAS computer system, developed by John von Neumann
and others at the Princeton Institute.
The desktop computers were available from 1975 onwards, non
could gain as much popularity as the IBM PC.
COMPUTING IN THE ELECTRICAL ERA

ENIAC
COMPUTING IN THE ELECTRICAL ERA

IAS computer
 BASIC COMPUTER OPERATIONS
• Accepts data or instructions by way of input.
• Stores data,
• Processes data as required by the user,
• Gives results in the form of output, and
• Controls all operations inside a computer.
 BASIC COMPUTER OPERATIONS
PROGRAM
& DATA
STORAGE OUTPUT
INPUT UNIT
UNIT UNIT
RESULTS

CONTROL UNIT

CENTRAL
PROCESSING
UNIT
ARITHMETIC
LOGIC UNIT

3. –Storage
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5. Control Processing
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COMPUTER SYSTEM
SYSTEM – a complex of methods or rules; a procedure or process.

In order to carry out its operations, a computer system is

divided into three separate units.

• Arithmetic logical unit

• Control unit,
• Central processing unit
ARITHMETIC LOGICAL UNIT (ALU)
• THE PROCESSING OF THE DATA AND INSTRUCTIONS ARE
PERFORMED BY ARITHMETIC LOGICAL UNIT.
• THE MAJOR OPERATIONS PERFORMED BY THE ALU ARE
ADDITION, SUBTRACTION, MULTIPLICATION, DIVISION, LOGIC
AND COMPARISON.
CONTROL UNIT (CU)
• ACTS LIKE A SUPERVISOR SEEING THAT THINGS ARE DONE IN
PROPER WAY.
• THE CONTROL UNIT DETERMINES THE SEQUENCE IN WHICH
COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND INSTRUCTIONS ARE TO BE
EXECUTED.
• IT COORDINATES THE ACTIVITIES OF COMPUTER’S
PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT WHICH INCLUDE INPUT AND OUTPUT
DEVICES.
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
• THE ALU AND THE CU OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM ARE JOINTLY
KNOWN AS THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT( CPU).
• IT IS THE BRAIN OF ANY COMPUTER SYSTEM THAT TAKES
MAJOR DECISIONS, MAKES ALL SORTS OF CALCULATIONS AND
DIRECTS DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COMPUTER FUNCTIONS BY
ACTIVATING AND CONTROLLING THE OPERATIONS.

* A computer system includes a computer, peripheral devices, and software.

CHARACTERISTICS
OF COMPUTER
 1 SPEED.

2 ACCURACY.

3 DILIGENCE.

4 VERSATILITY.

5 POWER OF REMEMBERING.
The major 6 DUMB MACHINE WITH NO IQ.
characteristics 7 STORAGE.
of a computer