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Total Differensial Matlab

The document discusses total differentials and approximations for functions of two and three variables. It defines the total differential as the sum of partial derivatives with respect to each variable multiplied by an incremental change in that variable. It shows that approximations can be made for small changes in the variables using the total differential. Tangent planes at a point are also described using partial derivatives. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating total differentials and approximations.

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Absensi Ridwan
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125 views

Total Differensial Matlab

The document discusses total differentials and approximations for functions of two and three variables. It defines the total differential as the sum of partial derivatives with respect to each variable multiplied by an incremental change in that variable. It shows that approximations can be made for small changes in the variables using the total differential. Tangent planes at a point are also described using partial derivatives. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating total differentials and approximations.

Uploaded by

Absensi Ridwan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOTAL DIFFERENTIALS

and APPROXIMATIONs
Total Differentials for Two Variables
for a function z = f (x, y).
• Definition: the total differential for f is
dz = df = fx(x, y)dx + fy (x, y)dy
• Approximations: given small values for ∆x and ∆y,
∆z = ∆f = fx(x, y)∆x + fy (x, y)∆y,
and
f (x+∆x, y+∆y) ≈ f (x, y)+fx(x, y)∆x +fy (x, y)∆y.
• Tangent Plane to surface at (a, b):
z = f (a, b) + (x − a)fx(a, b) + (y − b)fy (a, b).
Total Differentials for Three Variables
for function w = f (x, y, z).
• Definition: the total differential for f is
dw = df = fx(x, y, z)dx +fy (x, y, z)dy +fz (x, y, z)dz
• Approximations: given small values for ∆x and ∆y,
∆w = ∆f = fx(x, y, z)∆x +fy (x, y, z)∆y +fz (x, y, z)∆z,
and
f (x + ∆x, y + ∆y, z + ∆z) ≈ f (x, y, z)
+ fx(x, y, z)∆x + fy (x, y, z)∆y + fz (x, y, z)∆z.
• Tangent Plane to surface at (a, b, c):
w = f (a, b, c) + (x − a)fx(a, b, c) + (y − b)fy (a, b, c)
+ (z − c)fz (a, b, c).
TOTAL DIFFs and APPROXs CONT.

Total Differentials Examples

• Determine dV for beer can with volume V = πr2h


when (r, h) = (1, 5); sensitivity for dr versus dh?

• If z = f (x, y) = x ln(y), find dz, and


approximate 1.04 ln(.95).

2
TOTAL DIFFs and APPROXs CONT.

z = x ln(y), and tangent plane at (x,y) = (1,1)

−1

−2

−3
0.5 −
−2
1 −1
1.5 0
1
2 2
3
2.5 4
x
y

ezsurf(’x*log(y)’,[-3 4 .5 2.5]); hold on


ezsurf(’y-1’,[-3 4 .5 2.5]), view([135 15])

3
TOTAL DIFFs and APPROXs CONT.
• If w = (5x2 + y 2)/(z + 1), find dw and
approximate w(−1.98, .97, 1.03).

• If oxygen consumption is m = 2.5(T − F )w−.67,


for a mammal, find dm when
T : 38 → 36, F : 12 → 13, w : 30 → 31.

4
TOTAL DIFFs and APPROXs CONT.
• If f (x, y) = x2 + y 2; find total differential,
tangent plane at (−1, 1)?

Using Matlab
2−2 (x+1)+2 (y−1)

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
−6 −6
−4 −4
−2 −2
0 0
2 2
4 4
6 6
x
y

ezsurf(’x^2+y^2’); hold on
ezsurf(’2-2*(x+1)+2*(y-1)’),view([135 10])
5
TOTAL DIFFs and APPROXs EXs
1
• If f (x, y) = (x2 + 4y 2) 3 ; total differential at (2, −1)?,
tangent plane at (2, −1)?

Using Matlab
2+(x−2)/3−2 (y+1)/3

0
6
4
6
2 4
0 2
−2 0
−2
−4
−4
−6 −6
y
x

ezsurf(’(x^2+4*y^2)^(1/3)’); hold on
ezsurf(’2+(x-2)/3-2(y+1)/3’)
6

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