Report:

Glass Wall System Design Report

(Part 1)

Project:
Proposed Residential Development at Ap Lei Chau Praya Road – A.P1
Lot 137

Prepared By: CTC

Date: 10/November/2022
Rev: 00

Inhabit Group 24/F, 160 Gloucester Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong

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Table of Contents

Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................2

1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Introduction & Synopsis ................................................................................................................5
1.2 Load Path ...................................................................................................................................5
1.3 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................5
2 Design Criteria .....................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Design Codes ..............................................................................................................................7
2.2 Material Property .........................................................................................................................7
2.2.1 Glass Properties ...................................................................................................................7
2.2.2 Aluminum Alloy – Frame Profile & Connection Components (6063-T6) ........................................7
2.2.3 Structural Steel ....................................................................................................................8
2.2.4 Stainless Steel .....................................................................................................................8
2.2.5 Welding ..............................................................................................................................9
2.2.6 Structural Sealant ................................................................................................................9
2.3 Loading Data ...............................................................................................................................9
2.3.1 Design Dead Load ................................................................................................................9
2.3.2 Design Wind Load.................................................................................................................9
2.3.3 Design Imposed Load ......................................................................................................... 10
2.3.4 Load Factors ...................................................................................................................... 10
2.4 Deflection Limit ......................................................................................................................... 10
2.4.1 Deflection limit ................................................................................................................... 10
2.5 Pre-accepted Structural Program ................................................................................................. 10
3 Glazing Infills Verification .................................................................................................................... 11
3.1 12HS/12HS+AirSpace+15FT Vision Glazing Verification .................................................................. 12
3.1.1 Design Parameters ............................................................................................................. 12
3.1.2 Design Check for IGU Glazing (Outer and Inner Lites) Due to Wind Load ................................... 13
3.1.3 Design Check for IGU Glazing (Inner Lites Only) Due to Live Load ............................................ 16
3.1.4 Design Check for Sealant Bite .............................................................................................. 19
3.1.5 Design Check for Secondary Seal Bite (IGU Seal) ................................................................... 19
3.2 Laminated 8HS/INT/8HS Spandrel Glazing Verification ................................................................... 21
3.2.1 Design Parameters ............................................................................................................. 21
3.2.2 Design Check for Spandrel Glazing Due to Wind Load ............................................................. 21
3.2.3 Design Check for Design Check for Sealant Bite (Vertical) ....................................................... 23
3.2.4 Design Check for Pressure Plate (Horizontal) (6061-T6) .......................................................... 23
3.2.5 Design Check for 6.3mm Screw Connection (A4/70) ............................................................... 24
4 Aluminum Frame Verification ............................................................................................................... 26
4.1 Aluminum Feature Verification ..................................................................................................... 27
4.1.1 Design Parameters ............................................................................................................. 27
4.1.2 Design Check for Aluminum Profile (AL7) (6063-T6) ............................................................... 27
4.1.3 Design Check for 4Nos. M6 Connection Bolt (A4-70) ............................................................... 30
4.1.4 Design Check for Aluminum Bracket (AL6) to Mullion Profile .................................................... 32
4.1.5 Design Check for Screw Connection to Mullion ....................................................................... 33
4.2 Typical Vertical Steel Frame Verification ........................................................................................ 35
4.2.1 Design Parameters ............................................................................................................. 36
4.2.2 Design Check for Steel Mullion Frame (ST1)+3mm Steel Bended (S275) ................................... 36
4.3 End Vertical Steel Frame Verification ............................................................................................ 44
4.3.1 Design Parameters ............................................................................................................. 44
4.3.2 Design Check for Steel Mullion Frame (ST3) + 3mm Steel (S275) ............................................ 44
4.4 Horizontal Steel Frame Verification ............................................................................................... 51
4.4.1 Design Parameters ............................................................................................................. 51
4.4.2 Design Check for Steel Profile (ST3) (S275)........................................................................... 52
4.4.3 End Reaction ..................................................................................................................... 55
4.5 External Corner Vertical Steel Frame Verification ........................................................................... 56
4.5.1 Design Parameters : ........................................................................................................... 57
4.5.2 Design Check for Steel Mullion Frame (ST1)+ 3mm Steel (S275) ............................................. 57
4.6 Internal Corner Vertical Steel Frame Verification ............................................................................ 65
4.6.1 Design Check for Steel Mullion Frame (ST1)+ 3mm Steel (S275) ............................................. 65
4.7 Horizontal Steel Frame Above Door Area Verification ...................................................................... 71
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4.7.1 Design Parameters ............................................................................................................. 71

4.7.2 Properties of Horizontal Frame + 3mm Bended Steel .............................................................. 71
5 Bracket and Connection Verification ...................................................................................................... 76
5.1 Glass Toggle (Typical Area) Verification ........................................................................................ 77
5.1.1 Design Parameters ............................................................................................................. 77
5.1.2 Design Check for Toggle at Every 300mm Spacing (6061-T6) .................................................. 77
5.1.3 Design Check for 4Nos. 6.3mm Diameter Screw ..................................................................... 78
5.2 Typical Dead Load Support Verification ......................................................................................... 80
5.2.1 Design Parameters: ............................................................................................................ 80
5.2.2 Design Check for 4mm Thick Bended Steel (S275) (400mm Long) ........................................... 80
5.2.3 Design Check for 6.3mm dia. CSK Screw to Aluminum ............................................................ 81
5.2.4 Design Check for Aluminum Adaptor Leg Due to Dead load...................................................... 83
5.3 Typical Horizontal to Vertical Frame Connection Verification ............................................................ 84
5.3.1 Design Parameters ............................................................................................................. 84
5.3.2 Design Check for 2Nos. M8 Connection Bolt (A4/70) ............................................................... 84
5.3.3 Design Check for Steel Angle 4mm Thickx50x50 Sleeve (S275) .............................................. 85
5.3.4 Design Check for 6mm Thick Weld to Vertical Frame............................................................... 86
5.4 Typical Bracket and Embed Verification ......................................................................................... 88
5.4.1 Design Parameters ............................................................................................................. 88
5.4.2 Design Check for 4Nos. M10 Connection Bolt (A4-70) ............................................................. 88
5.4.3 Design Check for Steel Angle Bracket 15mm Thick (S275)....................................................... 89
5.4.4 Design Check for 6mm Thick Welding Between Steel Bracket and Base Plate ............................. 90
5.4.5 Design Check for Embed ..................................................................................................... 91
5.4.6 Design Check for 16mm Thick Base Plate .............................................................................. 97
5.5 Typical Starter Wind Load Bracket and Embed Verification .............................................................. 98
5.5.1 Design Parameters ............................................................................................................. 98
5.5.2 Design Check for Embed ..................................................................................................... 98
5.5.3 Design Check for 20mm Thick Base Plate ............................................................................ 103
5.6 Typical Top Bearing Bracket and Embed Verification ..................................................................... 105
5.6.1 Design Parameters ........................................................................................................... 105
5.6.2 Design Check for 4Nos. M10 Connection Bolt (A4-70) ........................................................... 105
5.6.3 Design Check for Steel Angle Bracket 15mm Thick (S275)..................................................... 106
5.6.4 Design Check for Embed ................................................................................................... 107
5.6.5 Design Check for 20mm Thick Base Plate ............................................................................ 112
5.7 External Corner Bracket Type 1 Verification ................................................................................ 114
5.7.1 Design Parameters ........................................................................................................... 114
5.7.2 Design Check for 4Nos. M24 Bolt Connection (A4/70) ........................................................... 114
5.7.3 Design Check for 20mm Thick Steel Bracket (S275) ............................................................. 115
5.7.4 Design Check for 10mm Thick Weld Between Steel Angle and Base Plate ................................ 116
5.7.5 Design Check for Embed ................................................................................................... 118
5.7.6 Design Check for 20mm Thick Base Plate (S275) ................................................................. 124
5.8 Internal Corner Bracket Type 2 Verification ................................................................................ 126
5.8.1 Design Parameters ........................................................................................................... 126
5.8.2 Design Check for M16 Bolt Connection (A4/70) .................................................................... 126
5.8.3 Design Check For Steel Angle 15mm Thick (S275) ............................................................... 127
5.8.4 Design Check for 16mm Thick Base Plate ............................................................................ 135
5.9 Glass Toggle (Typical Area) Verification ...................................................................................... 137
5.9.1 Design Parameters ........................................................................................................... 137
5.9.2 Design Check for Toggle at Every 300mm Spacing (6061-T6) – 100mm Long .......................... 138
5.9.3 Design Check for 4Nos. 6.3mm Diameter Screw ................................................................... 138
5.10 Starter External Corner Bracket Embed EM2A Verification ............................................................ 141
5.10.1 Design Parameters ........................................................................................................... 141
5.10.2 Design Check for Embed 2A ............................................................................................... 141
5.10.3 Design Check for 20mm Thick Base Plate (S275) ................................................................. 147
6 References ...................................................................................................................................... 148
6.1 Structural Computer Program Statement .................................................................................... 149
6.2 BS8118-1:1991 Aluminum Alloy Limiting Stress .......................................................................... 150
6.3 Steel Section Properties ............................................................................................................ 151
6.4 Calculated Linear Dead Load per Floor Due to Glass Wall Panel ...................................................... 153

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1 Introduction

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1.1 Introduction & Synopsis

This report covers the structural design and analysis of the proposed glass wall system infills,
frames, connections and bracketing systems. The design and verification are in accordance with
relevant Hong Kong codes and information provided by the other parties involved.
The glass panel infill is an IGU Unit for the vision area (Laminate +Airspace+monolithic), and
laminated glass for spandrel area to compensate stress and deflection limit under the design loadings.
Glazing panels are mechanically fixed to aluminium or steel frames as specified inside the design
report. Aluminum frames or steel framesl are fixed with stainless steel bolts to design bracketing
system which is fixed back to the concrete, mechanical post anchor or by cast in embeds.

1.2 Load Path

1.3 Conclusion
The glazing panel infills, frame supports, brackets and connections were checked and found
structurally feasible.

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2 Design Criteria

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2.1 Design Codes

This calculation report follows the provision but not limited to:
 Hong Kong Building (Construction) Regulation
 Code of Practice on Wind Effect in Hong kong 2011
 Code of Practice for Dead and Imposed Loads 2011
 Code of Practice for Structural Use of Glass 2018 (SUG2018e)
 BS8118-1:1991 Structural Use of Aluminum
 Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 2011

2.2 Material Property

2.2.1 Glass Properties
Physical Properties (Table 4.2 SUG2018e) :
Modulus of Elasticity, Eglass = 70,000 N/mm2
Shear Modulus, Gglass = 28,689 N/mm2
Poisson’s ratio, ν = 0.22
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, α =9.E-06 /0C
Density, ρglass =2,650 kg/m3
Strength of Glass (Table 4.3 of SUG2018e)

Design Load Reduction Factor (Table 4.4 of SUG2018e)

Design Glass Surface Treatment Reduction Factor (Table 4.5 of SUG2018e)

2.2.2 Aluminum Alloy – Frame Profile & Connection Components (6063-T6)

Modulus of elasticity Eal = 70000 N/mm2
Modulus of rigidity Gal = 26600 N/mm2
Limiting stress for bending and overall yielding po = 160 N/mm2

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Limiting stress for local capacity of the section

in tension/compression pa = 175 N/mm2
Limiting stress in shear pv = 95 N/mm2
Density ρst = 2710 kg/m3
Aluminum Alloy – Aluminum Bracket (6061-T6)
Limiting stress for bending and overall yielding po = 240 N/mm2
Limiting stress for local capacity of the section
in tension/compression pa = 260 N/mm2
Limiting stress in shear pv = 145 N/mm2
2.2.3 Structural Steel
Physical Property
Modulus of Elasticity Est = 205000 N/mm2
Shear Modulus Gst = 78846 N/mm2
Poisson’s ratio, ν v = 0.3
Coefficient of linear expansion α = 1.4x 10-5 /oC
Density ρst = 7850 kg/m3
Properties of Steel, S275 (SUoS2011)
Minimum Yield Strength, py py = 275 N/mm2
Ultimate Tensile Strength, Us Us = 430 N/mm2
When Thickness or diameter t < 16mm
Design Strength, py py = 275 N/mm2
Shear Strength, pv pv = 159 N/mm2
Axial Strength, pa pa = 275 N/mm2
Bearingl Strength, pbs pbs = 460 N/mm2
2.2.4 Stainless Steel
Physical Property
Modulus of Elasticity Ess= 200000 N/mm2
Shear Modulus Gss= 76900 N/mm2
Poisson’s ratio, ν v = 0.3
Coefficient of linear expansion α = 1.6x 10-5 /oC
Density ρst = 8000 kg/m3
Stainless Steel Grade 316
Minimum Yield Strength, py py = 220 N/mm2
Ultimate Tensile Strength, Us Us = 520 N/mm2
Design Strength, py py = 220 N/mm2
Shear Strength, pv pv = 132 N/mm2
Axial Strength, pa pa = 205 N/mm2
Bearingl Strength, pbs pbs = 330 N/mm2
Stainless Steel Bolt and Screws – A4/70
Tension Strength, pt pt = 450 N/mm2
Shear Strength, ps ps= 311 N/mm2
Bearing Strength, pbb pbb= 805 N/mm2

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2.2.5 Welding
Fillet Welding Strength for S275 Steel, pw pw= 220 N/mm2
2.2.6 Structural Sealant
Allowable Stress of Sealant = 138 MPa

2.3 Loading Data

2.3.1 Design Dead Load
Dead loads, self weight of the components, were incorporated in the design as automatically
generated by strand7 finite element software or manually calculated at gravity, g=9.81m/s2,
considering each material density.
2.3.2 Design Wind Load
Design wind load used in the design were taken from ‘Code of Practice for Dead on Wind Effect
in Hong kong 2019 :

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2.3.3 Design Imposed Load

Design imposed load used in the design were taken from ‘Code of Practice for Dead and
Imposed Load 2011 ; Areas susceptible to overcrowding.

Line Load Applied at Height of 1.1m from FFL : LLL = 3.0kN/m

Uniform Distributed load applied on infill : LLu = 1.5kPa
Concentrated Load : LLpl = 1.5N

2.3.4 Load Factors

Structural Steel (Table 4.4 SUOS2011)
Dead Load, γf = 1.4
Wind Load, γf = 1.4
Live Load, γf = 1.6
Aluminum
Dead Load, γf = 1.4
Wind Load, γf = 1.4
Material factor = 1.2

2.4 Deflection Limit

2.4.1 Deflection limit
Point Supported (Clause 5.5.3 of SUG2018e)
Deflection Limit : min (L/60 or 25mm)
Aluminum and Steel Member under 2-Side Support
Deflection Limit : L/180
Aluminum Cladding Infill
Deflection Limit : L/120

2.5 Pre-accepted Structural Program

Strand 7 V.2.6.6 (Ref.N0.S0895)

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3 Glazing Infills Verification

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3.1 12HS/12HS+AirSpace+15FT Vision Glazing Verification

This verification covers all the vision glazing for the glass wall system.

Figure 1: Glass Maximum Dimension

3.1.1 Design Parameters

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3.1.2 Design Check for IGU Glazing (Outer and Inner Lites) Due to Wind Load
Outer Glass Checks – Load Share Factor (12HS/Interlayer/12HS)

Outer Glass Checks – Minimum Glass Thickness Required

Since the laminated glass plies are of the same thickness, one 12HS is considered in the
analysis.

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Outer Glass Checks – Deflection Checks

Outer Glass laminated:12HS/Interlayer/12HS is structurally adequate

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Inner Glass Checks – Load Share Factor (15FT)

Inner Glass Checks – Minimum Glass Thickness Required

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Inner Glass Checks – Deflection Checks

Inner Glass:15FT is structurally adequate

3.1.3 Design Check for IGU Glazing (Inner Lites Only) Due to Live Load
The analysis used finite element non-linear analysis to determined stress and deflection of
glass due to live load.

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Model Geometry

Figure 2: Model Geometry

Figure 3: Load Application

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Design Stress Checks

Figure 4: Maximum Glass Stress Due to Live Load (Concentrated)

Design Check Against Deflection

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Figure 5: Maximum Resulting Deflection Due to Live Load (Linear)

3.1.4 Design Check for Sealant Bite

3.1.5 Design Check for Secondary Seal Bite (IGU Seal)

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Design vision glass is structurally adequate.

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3.2 Laminated 8HS/INT/8HS Spandrel Glazing Verification

Figure 6: Dimension of Spandrel Glass

3.2.1 Design Parameters

3.2.2 Design Check for Spandrel Glazing Due to Wind Load

Since the laminated glass plies are of the same thickness, one 8HS is considered in the
analysis.
Load Share Factor

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Minimum Glass Thickness Required

Deflection Checks

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3.2.3 Design Check for Design Check for Sealant Bite (Vertical)

3.2.4 Design Check for Pressure Plate (Horizontal) (6061-T6)

For the horizontal glass connection, pressure plate is used to support the glass against wind
load.

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3.2.5 Design Check for 6.3mm Screw Connection (A4/70)

Tension Checks on Screws

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Pull-out of Screw from Aluminum Nosing

Design spandrel glass is structurally adequate.

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4 Aluminum Frame Verification

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4.1 Aluminum Feature Verification

Figure 7: Aluminum Feature

4.1.1 Design Parameters

4.1.2 Design Check for Aluminum Profile (AL7) (6063-T6)

Section Properties

Section Classification

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Design Check Against Bending

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Design Check for Deflection

4.1.3 Design Check for 4Nos. M6 Connection Bolt (A4-70)

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Design Check Against Shear

Design Check Against Tension

Combine Utilization Ratio

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4.1.4 Design Check for Aluminum Bracket (AL6) to Mullion Profile

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4.1.5 Design Check for Screw Connection to Mullion

Design Check Against Shear

Design Check Against Tension

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Combine Utilization Ratio

Design Check Against Pull-out

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4.2 Typical Vertical Steel Frame Verification

Figure 8: Vertical Frame Plan Detail

The analysis considers the frame with aluminum feature as worst case condition.

Figure 9: Tributary Width

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4.2.1 Design Parameters

4.2.2 Design Check for Steel Mullion Frame (ST1)+3mm Steel Bended (S275)
Section Properties – Vision Area Frame

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Section Properties – Spandrel Area Frame (Notch ST1+3mm Thick Steel)

Applied Uniform Loadings to Model Frame

 Due to Wind Load

 Due to Live Load

 Due to Aluminum Feature

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 Due to Dead Load

Model Geometry and Load Application

For Full computer input

and output, refer to
Design Report Part 2
Section 2.

Figure 10: Model Frame

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Design Check Against Axial Loading

Figure 11: Axial Result for Steel Mullion and Notch Steel Mullion

 Axial Check For Steel Mullion

 Axial Check for Notch Steel Mullion

Design Check Against Bending Moment – Steel Mullion

 Bending About Major Axis

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Figure 12: Maximum Bending Moment Result Major(1.2DL+1.2WL+1.2LL) Minor :(Due to 1.4WL+1.4DL)

 Bending About Minor Axis

 Combined Capacity Ratio

Design Check Against Bending Moment – Notch Steel Mullion

 Bending About Major Axis

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Figure 13: Maximum Bending Moment Result (Due to 1.4WL+1.4DL)

Figure 14: Maximum Bending Moment Result (Due to 1.2WL+1.2DL+1.2LL)

 Bending About Minor Axis

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 Combined Utilization Ratio for Notch Steel

Design Check Against Torsion

Figure 15: Torsion Result For Steel Mullion and Notch Steel Mullion

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Design Deflection Checks

Figure 16: Over-All Deflection Result for Mullion Frame (DL+WL) & (DL+LL)

Vertical frame is structurally adequate.

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4.3 End Vertical Steel Frame Verification

The verification of
the end panel
considers the area
where there is
aluminium feature
as worst case
condition.

Figure 17: Maximum End Panel Dimension

4.3.1 Design Parameters

Since the effect of live load is not critical as per Section 4.2.1, end frame is only analyze
against wind load and dead load.
4.3.2 Design Check for Steel Mullion Frame (ST3) + 3mm Steel (S275)
Section Properties

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Section Properties of Notch Steel ST3 + 3mm Bended Steel

Applied Uniform Loadings to Model Frame

 Due to Wind Load

 Due to Aluminum Feature

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 Due to Dead Load

Model Geometry and Load Application

Model for the End panel is similar to Section 4.2, for full computer inputs and output ; refer
to design report part 2 Section 5.

Figure 18: Load Application

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Figure 19: Factored Axial Result

 For Steel ST3+3mm Thick Bended Steel

 For Notch Steel ST3 + 3mm Bended Steel

Design Check Against Bending Moment – Steel Mullion

 Major Axis Bending Checks

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Figure 20: Maximum Bending Moment Result

 Minor Axis Bending Checks

 Combined Capacity Ratio

Design Check For Notch ST3 + 3mm Bended Steel

 Major Axis Bending Checks

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 Minor Axis Bending Checks

 Combined Capacity Ratio

Figure 21: Maximum Bending Moment Result

Design Check for Torsion

Figure 22: Maximum Torque Result

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Design Deflection Checks

Figure 23: Maximum Deflection Result

End vertical frame is structurally adequate.

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4.4 Horizontal Steel Frame Verification

Figure 24: Steel Transom

4.4.1 Design Parameters

This analysis covers all the steel transom for the glass wall system.

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4.4.2 Design Check for Steel Profile (ST3) (S275)

Section Properties

Element Classification

The section is plastic.

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Design Bending Check

 Bending Due to Wind Load

 Bending Due to Dead Load

 Combined Capacity In Bending

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Design Check Against Torsion Due to Dead Load

Design Check Against Deflection

 Deflection Due to Wind Load

 Deflection Due to Dead Load

 Combined Deflection Ratio

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4.4.3 End Reaction

Design Steel Transom is structurally adequate.

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4.5 External Corner Vertical Steel Frame Verification

The analysis considers the maximum corner modulation to cover all the corner steel frame
cases. Morever, 45degrees corner is considered for corner angle.

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4.5.1 Design Parameters :

Uniform Loadings Applied To Model

4.5.2 Design Check for Steel Mullion Frame (ST1)+ 3mm Steel (S275)

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Notch Corner Mullion Section Properties

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Model Geometry and Load Application

For Full computer input

and output, refer to
Design Report Part 2
Section 3.

Figure 25: Model Geometry and Load Application

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Design Check For Axial

For Corner Steel Mullion

Figure 26: Maximum Resulting Axial for Steel Mullion

For Notch Steel Mullion

Figure 27: Maximum Resulting Axial for Notch Steel Mullion

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Design Check Against Bending Moment – Steel Mullion

Considering Full Wind Load Acting in Both Sides

Figure 28: Maximum Resulting Bending Moment – Steel Mullion

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Combined Capacity Ratio

Design Check Against Bending Moment – Notch Steel Mullion

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Combined Utilization Ratio

Design Deflection Checks

Figure 29: Maximum Resulting Deflection

Corner Frame is structurally adequate.

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Corner steel is structurally adequate.

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4.6 Internal Corner Vertical Steel Frame Verification

Figure 30: Internal Corner Tributary Width

Design Parameters :

4.6.1 Design Check for Steel Mullion Frame (ST1)+ 3mm Steel (S275)

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Section Properties for Notch Mullion

Load Application

For Frame Model Dimensions

– Refer to Section 4.5 and for
full computer inputs and
output, refer to Design
Report Part 2 Section 4.

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Design Check for Axial

Figure 31: Maximum Axial Result

For Steel Mullion

For Notch Mullion

Design Bending Moment Checks

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Figure 32: Resulting Bending Moment

Combine Capacity Ratio

For Notch Steel Mullion

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Figure 33: Bending Moment Result for Notch Steel Mullion

Combined Capacity Ratio

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Design Deflection Check

Figure 34: Resulting Maximum Deflection

Internal corner is structurally adequate.

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4.7 Horizontal Steel Frame Above Door Area Verification

4.7.1 Design Parameters

4.7.2 Properties of Horizontal Frame + 3mm Bended Steel

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Load Application To Model

 Due to Wind Load (Top and Bottom Glass)

 Due to Dead Load (Top Glass Only)

Model Geometry

Figure 35: Model Geometry

Figure 36: Load Application Due to Wind Load

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Figure 37: Dead Load Application at L/8

Figure 38: Applied Moment Due to Dead Load

Bending Moment Check

 Bending Due to Wind Load

Figure 39: Unfactored Bending Moment Result

 Bending Moment Due to Dead Load

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 Combined Capacity Ratio

Design Check Against Torsion Due to Dead Load

Figure 40: Maximum Torque Result

Design Check Against Deflection

 Due to Wind Load

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 Due to Dead Load

Horizontal Steel frame above door is structurally adequate.

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5 Bracket and Connection Verification

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5.1 Glass Toggle (Typical Area) Verification

Figure 41: Toggle

5.1.1 Design Parameters

5.1.2 Design Check for Toggle at Every 300mm Spacing (6061-T6)

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5.1.3 Design Check for 4Nos. 6.3mm Diameter Screw

Design Tension Checks

Design Pull-out From Aluminum Nosing

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Toggle connection is structurally adequate.

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5.2 Typical Dead Load Support Verification

Figure 42: Dead Load Support

5.2.1 Design Parameters:

5.2.2 Design Check for 4mm Thick Bended Steel (S275) (400mm Long)

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5.2.3 Design Check for 6.3mm dia. CSK Screw to Aluminum

Design Shear Checks

Design Tension Checks

Combined Utilization Ratio

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Design Check Against Bearing

Design Check Against Pull-out From 3mm Thick Aluminum Wall

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5.2.4 Design Check for Aluminum Adaptor Leg Due to Dead load

Design Dead Load Support is structurally adequate.

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5.3 Typical Horizontal to Vertical Frame Connection Verification

Reaction from Horizontal

Frame Above Door:
Rwl2 = 4.23kN
Rdl2 = 1.86kN
Mx2 = 0.22kN
Then the calculation
already covers the
connection for horizontal
frame above door Area.

Figure 43: Typical End Connection

5.3.1 Design Parameters

5.3.2 Design Check for 2Nos. M8 Connection Bolt (A4/70)

Design Shear Checks

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Design Tension Checks

Combine Utilization Ratio

5.3.3 Design Check for Steel Angle 4mm Thickx50x50 Sleeve (S275)

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5.3.4 Design Check for 6mm Thick Weld to Vertical Frame

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Typical Connection is structurally adequate.

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5.4 Typical Bracket and Embed Verification

Figure 44: Typical Bracket

5.4.1 Design Parameters

Load Reaction are taken from Design Report Part 2 Section 2.7.

5.4.2 Design Check for 4Nos. M10 Connection Bolt (A4-70)

Design Shear Checks

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Design Tension Checks

Combined Capacity Ratio

5.4.3 Design Check for Steel Angle Bracket 15mm Thick (S275)

Shear and Torsion Check on Angle

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Axial and Bending Stress Checks on Angle

5.4.4 Design Check for 6mm Thick Welding Between Steel Bracket and Base Plate

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5.4.5 Design Check for Embed

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Tension on Anchors

Shear on Anchors

Design Check for Concrete Bearing Stress

Anchor Embedment Length

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Design Check for 6mm Thick Weld on Rod

12mm Rod Capacity Checks

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Concrete Cone Failure Checks

Due to Tension Loads

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Failure in Shear

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Combined Capacity Ratio

5.4.6 Design Check for 16mm Thick Base Plate

Design bracket is structurally adequate.

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5.5 Typical Starter Wind Load Bracket and Embed Verification

Figure 45: Starter Wind Load Bracket

5.5.1 Design Parameters

Load Reaction are taken from Design Report Part 2 Section 2.7 – Starter Bracket.

Since the connection bolt and the angle are similar to Section 5.4 no need to check.
5.5.2 Design Check for Embed

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Tension in Anchors

Shear on Anchors

Check Concrete Bearing Stress

Anchor Embedment Length

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Check 6mm Thick Weld

Design Check for 16mm Dia. Rod

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Concrete Cone Failure Checks

Due to Tension Loads

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Failure in Shear

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Combined Capacity Ratio

5.5.3 Design Check for 20mm Thick Base Plate

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Design Starter bracket is structurally adequate.

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5.6 Typical Top Bearing Bracket and Embed Verification

Figure 46: Top Dead Load Bracket

5.6.1 Design Parameters

Load Reaction are taken from Design Report Part 2 Section 2.7 – Top Bracket.

5.6.2 Design Check for 4Nos. M10 Connection Bolt (A4-70)

Shear Checks in Bolts

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Tension Checks in Bolts

Combined Utilization Ratio

5.6.3 Design Check for Steel Angle Bracket 15mm Thick (S275)

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5.6.4 Design Check for Embed

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Tension on Anchors

Shear on Anchors

Check Concrete Bearing Stress

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Anchor Embedment Length

Check 6mm Thick Weld

Design Check for 16mm Dia. Rod

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Concrete Cone Failure Checks

Due to Tension Loads

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Failure in Shear

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Combined Capacity Ratio

5.6.5 Design Check for 20mm Thick Base Plate

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Design Top bracket is structurally adequate.

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5.7 External Corner Bracket Type 1 Verification

Figure 47: Bracket Detail

5.7.1 Design Parameters

Load Reaction are taken from Design Report Part 2 Section 3.7 – Mid- Bracket.

5.7.2 Design Check for 4Nos. M24 Bolt Connection (A4/70)

Shear Checks on Bolt

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Design Tension Checks

Combine Capacity Ratio

5.7.3 Design Check for 20mm Thick Steel Bracket (S275)

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5.7.4 Design Check for 10mm Thick Weld Between Steel Angle and Base Plate

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5.7.5 Design Check for Embed

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Tension on Anchors

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Shear on Anchors

Design Check For Concrete Bearing Stress

Anchor Embedment Length

Design Check for Weld 10mm Thick

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Rod Capacity Checks – 30mm Dia Rod

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Concrete Cone Failure Checks

Due to Tension Loads

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Due to Shear Load

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Combined Capacity Ratio

5.7.6 Design Check for 20mm Thick Base Plate (S275)

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Corner Bracket is Structurally adequate.

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5.8 Internal Corner Bracket Type 2 Verification

Figure 48: Internal Corner Bracket

5.8.1 Design Parameters

5.8.2 Design Check for M16 Bolt Connection (A4/70)

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Design Shear Checks

Design Tension Checks

Combined Utilization Ratio

5.8.3 Design Check For Steel Angle 15mm Thick (S275)

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Design Check for 6mm All Around Weld between Steel Angle and Base Plate

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Design Check for Embed (EM1)

Tension on Anchors

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Shear on Anchors

Design Check for Concrete Bearing Stress

Anchor Embedment Length

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Design Check for 6mm Thick Weld on Rod

12mm Rod Capacity Checks

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Concrete Cone Failure

Due to Tension load

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Due to Shear Load

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Combined Capacity Ratio

5.8.4 Design Check for 16mm Thick Base Plate

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Internal bracket is structurally adequate.

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5.9 Glass Toggle (Typical Area) Verification

Figure 49: Corner Toggle Support

5.9.1 Design Parameters

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5.9.2 Design Check for Toggle at Every 300mm Spacing (6061-T6) – 100mm Long

5.9.3 Design Check for 4Nos. 6.3mm Diameter Screw

Design Shear Checks

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Design Tension Checks

Combined Capacity Ratio

Design Pull-out From Aluminum Nosing

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Toggle connection for corner is structurally adequate.

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5.10 Starter External Corner Bracket Embed EM2A Verification

EM2A for corner is only used for the starter panel since the typical embed is both top and
mid bracket.

Figure 50: Corner Starter Panel

5.10.1 Design Parameters

Load Reaction are taken from Design Report Part 2 Section 3.7 – Starter- Bracket.

5.10.2 Design Check for Embed 2A

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Tension in Anchors

Shear in Anchors

Design Check For Concrete Bearing Stress

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Anchor Embedment Length

Design Check for 10mm Thick Weld on Rod

30mm Rod Capacity

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Concrete Cone Failure

Due to Tension load

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Due to Shear Load

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Combined Capacity Ratio

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5.10.3 Design Check for 20mm Thick Base Plate (S275)

The embed bracket is structurally adequate.

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6 References

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6.1 Structural Computer Program Statement

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6.2 BS8118-1:1991 Aluminum Alloy Limiting Stress

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6.3 Steel Section Properties

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6.4 Calculated Linear Dead Load per Floor Due to Glass Wall Panel

The design linear dead load per 1m width considers the worst case having steel frames.

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