Assessing Gender Equality Investments

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NATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR INDIA
ASSESSING
GENDER EQUALITY
INVESTMENTS
A MULTI-STATE PERSPECTIVE
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Assessing Gender
Equality Investments
A Multi-State Perspective
| i
Author of the report Swapna Bist Joshi
State specific research Hilda Grace Coelho (Andhra Pradesh)

Mahender Jethmalani (Gujarat)
Ramesh Sharan (Jharkhand)
Pallavi Mali (Madhya Pradesh)
Nesar Ahmad (Rajasthan)
Pravas Mishra (Odisha)
Technical inputs Yamini Mishra

Bhumika Jhamb
Navanita Sinha
Designed and printed by Aspire Design
ii | Assessing Gender Equality Investments: A Mul -State Perspec ve

Foreword
In India, like several other countries, Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB) has emerged as one of the
most critical areas of budget-work. Over the last decade, GRB has witnessed a huge buy-in from the
government and civil society alike. One of the reasons for this significant up scaling can be attributed to
the fact that GRB puts the limelight on budgets – a powerful instrument of governance which has tradi-
tionally not received much attention from women’s rights organizations as compared to other issues like
violence, conflict, HIV and AIDS, among others. Since the introduction of the Gender Budget State-
ment at the Union level in 2005-06, various civil society budget-work organizations have used it as
an accountability tool to assess the priority for women in the government’s budget. A lot of effort has
also been invested in knowledge building, research and capacity development on GRB.
Given India’s federal structure, the Union government’s attempts to engender budgets alone will not
result in any tangible gain unless complemented by similar efforts at the state level. As a report on
Transparency in State Budgets in India reveals, the total expenditure incurred from the state budgets ac-
counts for more than half of the total public expenditure in the country. A large share of the total “devel-
opmental expenditure” incurred from the government budgets in the country, i.e. the budgetary expendi-
ture on social services (such as, education, health, nutrition, water and sanitation) and economic services
(such as, agriculture, irrigation, rural development, transport), is incurred from the state budgets. Also, a
substantial share of the total fiscal transfers to the institutions of local self-governance, i.e. Municipalities
and Panchayati Raj Institutions, is made by the state governments. Hence, the overall magnitude of the
state budgets is significant and the nature of spending incurred from those is crucial for development.
Therefore, it is extremely critical to focus on the work being done at the level of states in addition to deep-
ening our engagement at the national level.
In the recent past, several state governments have taken concrete steps in this direction. Some women’s
rights groups and independent researchers have also made efforts towards analyzing the state budgets
from the perspective of gender. Unfortunately, the engagement of civil society budget-work organizations
on GRB has been rather limited at this level of governance.
The experience of budget-work clearly demonstrates the potential of this line of work. At the same time, it
also reflects the need for greater organizational commitment, sustained support along with investments,
and enhanced capacities to apply GRB at the state level. It is important to strive towards expanding the
number of civil society budget-work organizations working on GRB; to look at and strengthen capacities
of these organizations; to develop communication and advocacy strategies to achieve greater impact and;
to initiate new channels of engagement for the next decade of budget-work in India.
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UN Women views this as an extremely critical area of work and is deeply committed to supporting such
processes of knowledge generation for policy influence and advocacy at different levels of governance.
It was in this context that UN Women supported the National Foundation for India (NFI) to anchor a
project on ‘building partnerships with civil society budget-work organizations on GRB’. Under this proj-
ect we supported budget-work organizations in six states namely, Jharkhand, Odisha, Gujarat, Rajasthan,
Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh to conduct research on GRB.
This report, entitled, ‘Assessing Gender Equality Investments: A Multi State Perspective’, marks the culmi-
nation of this collaborative effort. We are grateful to all the researchers at the state level as well as the team
from the National Foundation for India for their dedication and commitment to this project.
I am hopeful that this report will be a valuable addition to the existing body of knowledge on GRB and
will also provide useful learnings to strengthen on-going initiatives.
Rebecca Reichmann Tavares

Representative
UN Women Multi Country Office for India, Bhutan, Maldives and Sri Lanka.
iv | Assessing Gender Equality Investments: A Mul -State Perspec ve

Acknowledgements
The publication ‘Assessing Gender Equality Investments: A Multi-State Perspective’ is a product of a

well-coordinated effort that involved close collaboration with six state partners. The report captures the
essence of six state-specific research findings on the ‘Status of Gender Responsive Budgeting’.
The National Foundation of India (NFI) would like to express its sincere appreciation to UN Women
for conceptualising and funding this much needed work. We wish to acknowledge the hard work of the
state budget groups and complement the team members to have accomplished the objectives within the
stipulated time frame. We would like to extend a special gratitude to every research team member who
diligently supported the work. They include lead researcher Ms. Hilda Grace Coelho, field investigator
Ms. J. Sreelatha, Mr. N.Raghavendra Rao and Mr. B.Somasekhar from Centre for Rural Studies and
Development (CRSD), Andhra Pradesh, for data collection and entry; Mr. Mahender Jethmalani, lead
researcher, and Mr. Urvashi Patel for data collection from Pathey Budget Centre, Gujarat; Dr. Ramesh
Sharan, lead researcher, Ms. Neha Prasad, Ms. Nisha Tripathy, Mr. Anand Kumar and Ms. Nirjharini
Rath for research assistance, Ms. S Pal for documentation, from Life Education and Development Support
(LEADS), Jharkhand; Ms. Pallavi Mali, lead researcher, Jitendra Shrivastav for data collection and tabula-
tion, Mr. Gokul Pal, Ms. Shikha Saxena1 and Ms. Rashmi Mani2, field investigators from Sanket Develop-
ment Group, Madhya Pradesh; Mr. Neasr Ahmad, lead researcher, Ms. Amandeep Kaur and Mr. Ganga
Sharma, for research assistance and data collection, from Budget Analysis Rajasthan Centre (BARC),
Rajasthan; Mr. Pravas Ranjan Mishra, lead researcher from Centre for Youth and Social Development
(CYSD), Odisha.
We would also like to thank Ms. Yamini Mishra and Ms. Bhumika Jhamb from UN Women for their
support and invaluable insights. We also wish to acknowledge the efforts of Ms. Barsha Poricha and Ms.
Nidhi Sen of NFI who provided the necessary liaisoning that was extremely critical for this work.
Last but not the least, we wish to extend our deep gratitude to Ms. Navanita Sinha of UN Women for her
support and advice. She partnered in this endeavour right through the inception to the final stage. She
thoroughly reviewed the draft report and offered vital inputs instrumental towards shaping this work.
1 Krishak Samaj Seva Sansthan, Raisen

2 Ibid
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vi | Assessing Gender Equality Investments: A Mul -State Perspec ve
List of Abbreviations
and Acronyms
AE : Actual Expenditure
BE : Budget Estimates
BFC : Budget Finalization Committee
CDPO : Child Development Protection Officer
CHC : Community Health Centres
CRSD : Centre for Rural Studies and Development
CSS : Centrally Sponsored Schemes
DWACRA : Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas
DWCD : Department of Women and Child Development
DWO : District Welfare Officers
FGD : Focused Group Discussion
GBS : Gender Budget Statement
GDI : Gender Development Index
GE : Gender Equality
GEM : Gender Empowerment Measure
GOI : Government of India
GRB : Gender Responsive Budgeting
GRC : Gender Resource Centre
HDI : Human Development Index
IGMSY : Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana
IHHL : Individual Household Latrine
KGBV : Ksturba Gandhi Balika Vidhayalaya
MDO : Mandal Development Officer
MEPMA : Mission for Elimination of Poverty in Municipal Areas
MGNREGS : Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
MWCD : Ministry of Women and Child Development
NBA : Nirman Bharat Abhiyan
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NGP : Nirmal Gram Puraskar
NIPCCD : National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development
PC : Planning Commission of India
PMS : Pre Metric Scholarship
PRI : Panchayati Raj Institutions
PGN : Practical Gender Needs
RE : Revised Estimates
SABLA : Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls
SCSP : Schedule Caste Sub Plan
SGI : Strategic Gender Interests
SGN : Strategic Gender Needs
SIRD : The State Institute of Rural Development
SLWM : Solid and Liquid Waste Management
SSA : Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
TORs : Terms of Reference
TSC : Total Sanitation Campaign
UT : Union Territories
VWSCs : Village Water and Sanitation Committees
WE : Women’s Empowerment
WCD : Women and Child Department
WCP : Women’s Component Plan
WSE : Women Specific Expenditure
WSP : Women Specific Programmes
viii | Assessing Gender Equality Investments: A Mul -State Perspec ve

Contents
Foreword iii
Acknowledgements v
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms vii
Introduction 1
Chapter 1 Gender Responsive Budgeting in Sample States: An Overview 7
Chapter 2 Assessing Priorities in Gender Equality Investments 17
Chapter 3 Assessing Implementation 35
Chapter 4 Conclusions and Recommendations 45
List of Annexures 53
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List of Annexures
Annexure 1 Entrusted Responsibilities in the context of Gender Budget Work Plan, 54

Government of Madhya Pradesh
Annexure 2 GBS Performa, Rajasthan 55
Annexure 3 BFC Units Covered Under GBS, Rajasthan 56
Annexure 4 Department Coverage in Gender Budget, Madhya Pradesh 59
Annexure 5 Department-Wise Women Specific Programmes (WSP) Expenditures and 60

Estimations in selected Departments, Andhra Pradesh
Annexure 6 Expenditure Trends: Practical and Strategic Needs Across Schemes, 60

Andhra Pradesh
Annexure 7 Outlay under Women Component Plan, Gujarat 63
Annexure 8 Total Allocations across Schemes Classified Under Select Categories, Jharkhand 64
Annexure 9 Women Specific Expenditure (2007-08 to 2013-14), Odisha 66
Annexure 10 Department-Wise Women Specific Expenditure, Odisha 67
Annexure 11 Proposed Guidelines on Gender Budget Statement in Andhra Pradesh 69
Annexure 12 GBS Format Proposed by Pathey, Gujarat 70
Annexure 13 GBS Format Proposed by CYSD Odisha 72
x | Assessing Gender Equality Investments: A Mul -State Perspec ve

List of Boxes, Tables
and Figures:
BOXES
Box 1 : Difference between GBS and WCP 2
Box 2 : State Typology and Research Partners 4
Box 3 : BFCs and Departments included in GBS 2012-13 and 2013-14 21
Box 4 : Mukhya Mantri BPL Awas Yojna, Rajasthan 23
Box 5 : Locating Expenditure Priorities for SC Women in the Schedule 33

Caste Sub Plan3 (SCSP), Andhra Pradesh
Box 6 : Details of Case Studies 36
Box 7 : Objectives of MAMATA 37
Box 8 : Reproductive Health Services and Rural Health Infrastructure in Tribal Areas 38
Box 9 : Nirman Bharat Abhiyan : Objectives 39
Box 10 : Gender Budget Statement (GBS): Issues and Recommendations 49
TABLES
Table 1 : HDI, GDI and GEM Indicators of Sample States 8
Table 2 : Gender Budget Allocations in Madhya Pradesh (in Rs. crore) 19
Table 3 : Category Wise Beneficiaries of the Scheme and Percentage Break Up 24
Table 4 : IMR and MMR Odisha 36
Table 5 : Comparison between Beneficiary Costs and Unit Costs 42
3 The strategy of Scheduled Caste Sub Plan envisages to channelize the flow of outlays and benefits from all the sectors of
development in the Annual Plans of States/UTs and Central Ministries at least in propor on to their popula on both in
physical and financial terms.
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FIGURES
Figure 1 : Number of Schemes under Shreni I and II- GBS 2013-14 (MP.) 19
Figure 2 : GB Magnitude under Shreni I and Shreni II (in Rs. crore) 2007-08 20
to 2013-14 (MP)
Figure 3 : Percentage of Gender Budget vis-à-vis Total State Budget, Rajasthan 21
Figure 4 : GB Growth 2012-13 and 2013-14 22
Figure 5 : Trends in Expenditure Practical vs Strategic for WSE (in Rs. Crore) 25
Figure 6 : Proportion of Women Specific Programmes in Scheduled Caste 26

Sub Plan 2009-10 to 2013-14 (In Rs. Crore)
Figure 7 : Proportion of WC vs. Plan Budget of the State (2009-10 to 2012-13) 27

(in Rs. Crore)
Figure 8 : Proportion of Gender Budget vis-a-vis State Women’s Policy - 28

Plan 2012-13 (BE) (in Rs. Crore)
Figure 9 : Total Allocations to Women Specific Programmes 30
Figure 10 : Share of (SP, CP and CSP) within the Plan in WSE in the State Budget 31
(percentage)
Figure 11 : WSE as Share of State Budget (in %) 32
Figure 12 : Gujarat Rural Health Infrastructure in Tribal Areas 38
Figure 13 : Gujarat Health Indicators across Social Groups 39
Figure 14 : Percentage of Households with no Toilet Facility, AP 40
Figure 15 : Literacy Rate, Odisha, 2007-08 43
Figure 16 : GRB Status across Select States 46
Figure 17 : Level of Maturity of GRB I 46
xii | Assessing Gender Equality Investments: A Mul -State Perspec ve

Introduction
The link between improved gender equality investments and

effectiveness of development policies is well-established. A sig-
nificant body of empirical research demonstrates this causal
relationship. Within policy circles too there is increased rec-
ognition that investing in gender equality and women’s em-
powerment is critical and that it has huge potential to abet the
realization of other development goals, including alleviating
poverty, enhancing human security and increasing livelihood
options4.
In this context, gender responsive budgeting or GRB has

emerged as a pragmatic and effective tool that promotes gen-
der equality investments. GRB involves a two-stage alignment
process: aligning budgets to policy priorities and aligning pol-
icy priorities to activities committed under human rights con-
ventions and other development compacts. The purpose is to
achieve gender equality and women’s empowerment together
with other sustainable development objectives.
GRB seeks to empower a broader and more inclusive set of

actors to transform budgetary structures and processes. For
example, it aids rights holders—women’s rights organisations,
community-based organisations, gender equality advocates—
to voice and claim rights. It also makes the duty bearers—po-
limakers in the legislative and executive spheres and the state
delivery mechanisms—to be accountable and transparent.
4 “Financing for gender equality and the empowerment of women In-

terac ve Expert Panel, Panel 4: Progress in financing for gender equal-
ity from the perspec ve of interna onal organiza ons and mul lateral
development partners, United Na ons Commission on the Status of
Women Fi y-sixth session 27 February – 9 March 2012, New York
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GRB in the Indian Context
In India, GRB has charted a significant path since 1992. During the Eighth Five Year Plan, from 1992-97,
the Government of India acknowledged the need for committed resources to advance gender equality and
women’s empowerment measures. The government recognised that benefits from different sectors should
focus on women but it stopped at that. There was no reference to how this could be achieved. The concept
of gender equality investments gradually came about, and GRB has evolved over time. Subsequent plans
included the rationale for gender equality investments as well as the corresponding operational strategy5
to implement the same.
The Ninth Plan (1997-2002) introduced the women’s component plan (WCP), which required both the
central and state governments to ensure that not less than 30 per cent of the funds or benefits are ear-
marked in all the women related sectors6. This recognised not only the importance of committed invest-
ments but also indicated the minimum criterion for the same. It also directed that a special vigil be kept
on the flow of earmarked funds and benefits through an effective mechanism to ensure that the proposed
strategy brings forth a holistic approach towards empowering women7. The Tenth Plan (2002-07) linked
WCP and GRB8, which were seen as complementing each other in ensuring that women receive their
rightful share of public expenditure. This was a major shift to go beyond the 30 per cent allocations. In
2005-06, the government of India officially adopted and institutionalised GRB, with the introduction of
the gender budget statement (GBS)9 in the Union budget.
Box 1: Difference between GBS and WCP
1. GBS provides not only the plan expenditure but also the non-plan expenditure figures whereas
WCP focuses only on plan schemes.
2. GBS provides the Budget Es mate, Revised Es mate and the Actual figures of expenditure.
3. GBS presents range of alloca ons (from 100 per cent to less than 30 per cent) whereas the WCP
delineates a 30 per cent criterion which is a limita on.
Since 2006, GRB has undergone numerous changes at the national level. The Eleventh Plan (2007-12)
centrestaged GRB as an important strategy for gender equality. The Plan underlined that GRB should
happen across the board and across sectors. GRB replaced the WCP, and was taken to the sub national
level10. State governments were directed to include GRB in their annual plans. Similarly, the Twelfth Plan
(2012-17) too underscored the need to institutionalize GRB, and give it more visibility. Such measures
have been critical in providing the necessary impetus to GRB both at the national and sub-national levels,
thus emphasizing the need for dedicated gender equality investments.
Despite an ambitious road map and government’s commitment to GRB at the National level, this im-
mensely important area of work seems to have stagnated over the past few years. It has failed to move
beyond the first step i.e. the production of the GBS (though an extremely important one) and trainings
and orientations for various stakeholders. Although the Indian government’s own roadmap for GRB is
far more ambitious, there seems to be a visible gap in what was envisioned and what has been achieved
under the rubric of GRB in India11.
5 Women Component Plan (WCP) and later GRB.

6 9th Five Year Plan, (Volume 2) h p://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/9th/vol2/v2c3-8.htm
7 h p://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/index9.html
8 h p://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/10th/volume2/10th_vol2.pdf
9 The GBS reflects the quantum of budgetary alloca ons for programmes/ schemes that substan ally benefit women.
10 GRBI in many States in India had already found loca on in their plan and budgets before this period and few states were
ini a ng the process.
11 Gender Responsive Budge ng in India: What has gone wrong? Economic and Poli cal Weekly, Vol - XLVII No. 17, April 28,
2012 | Navanita Sinha and Yamini Mishra
2 | Assessing Gender Equality Investments: A Mul -State Perspec ve

GRB at the sub-na onal level
Following the Centre’s lead, several states including Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Assam, Tri-
pura, Kerala, Karnataka, Gujarat and Rajasthan have taken steps towards adopting GRB. The GRB strat-
egy followed in these states is quite similar to that of the Centre’s, but their focus is limited. States have
restricted themselves to producing GBS and building necessary institutional mechanisms12.
Inquiry into the state-level initiatives reveals GRB has not taken off as anticipated, despite clear directives
to them. The pace remains largely uneven and sluggish across most states. Like at the national level, GRB
initiatives or GRBIs at the state level are riddled with narrow engagement with GRB tools, such as a GBS-
centric approach; weak institutional structures and capacities, for example non-functional gender budget
cells (GBC); methodological limitations as in limitation of the GBS format itself; and methodological
irregularities in reporting gender budgets under identified categories13.
Ra onale for the Study

As mentioned earlier, the Eleventh Plan recognised the need to broad base GRB in India and explicitly en-
dorsed the need for states14 to adopt GRB. This was testament to the fact that in a federal country like In-
dia, the Union government’s attempts to engender budgets alone would not result in tangible gains unless
complemented by similar efforts at the state level. This is closely linked to the fact that states incur huge
“developmental expenditure”—expenditure on social services such as education, health, nutrition, water
and sanitation, and economic services such as agriculture, irrigation, rural development and transport.
A substantial share of the total fiscal transfers to institutions of local self-governance, municipalities and
panchayati raj institutions (PRIs) is also provided for by the state governments through their budgets15.
Given that the overall magnitude of the state budgets is significant—almost half of the total public expen-
diture in India16—the nature of such spending is crucial for development from the perspective of equity.
Strengthening efforts to integrate GRB at the state level, to ensure gender equality investments, therefore
must assume top priority. However, several limitations exist, which affect the quantum as well as the qual-
ity of gender equality investments at the state level. An elementary review of available literature on GRB
and budget work highlights two key trends. One, different states are implementing GRB differently and
the level of maturity of GRB initiatives17 differs significantly across states. For instance, some states are still
following the WCP model while others have only begun to orient themselves towards the need for GRB.
A few others have made efforts towards institutionalizing GRB by constituting GBCs and producing the
GBS. Two, despite the presence of budget work organisations18 in several states, very few have engaged
with GRB. Therefore the knowledge and research base on GRB remains rather weak at the state level19.
Due to such limitations, GRB in India, both at the national and sub-national levels, has not been able to
attain the desired outcomes.
12 The format of the GBS as well and the cons tu on and mandate of ins tu onal structures may vary from state to state.
13 The GBS format –ie categories under which gender budgets are reported- adopted by different states may vary. For
example GOI follows the two way classifica on – Part A : Reports 100% alloca ons and Part B: Reports alloca ons in the
range of 30 to 99%
14 Ibid
15 Transparency in State Budgets in India Scope and Methodology of the Study, CBGA, Feb 2011 h p://www.cbgaindia.org/
files/whats_new/Study%20Report.pdf
16 Ibid
17 to opera onalize the GRB strategy
18 In India (both at the na onal and state level) several civil society organisa ons (CSOs) have started engaging substan vely
with budget analysis and advocacy efforts for improving transparency, par cipa on and accountability in governance.
These organisa ons have also used several different approaches such as :- intersec onal approach (from the perspec ve
of the disadvantaged such as children, dalits, minori es, youth etc) or sectoral approach (health, educa on, employment
etc) to analyse budgets.
19 Lack of gender informed expenditure reviews and studies
Introduc on | 3
Objec ve
It is not this report’s intention to delve into the history of GRB at the national or sub-national levels, or to
highlight the gains and gaps therein. The objective is to evaluate the status of GRBIs in select states and
assess the quantum of gender equality investments through expenditure reviews (ERs). The objective is
also to create a body of knowledge that includes:
• Systematic review of GRB initiatives at the state level
• Preliminary assessment of gender equality investment priorities of the states under review
• Assessment of the performance and quality of gender equality investments
• Set of recommendations that will help shape an effective GRB strategy at the sub-national level
Methodology
The research was planned in two phases. The first phase involved identifying sample states. Six states were
selected and budget work organisations with considerable experience in budget analysis, were identi-
fied in each state to undertake state-specific research (see: Box 2). The methodology adopted for each
state-level study was distinct20. UN
Women developed a guidance note
Box 2: State Typology & Research Partners
outlining the research component. Typology States Budget Partners
The guidance note proposed the Type I 1. Madhya Pradesh Sanket Development Group
framework for conducting research, States
provided pointers to guide the re- GBS PRODUCED 2. Rajasthan Budget Analysis Rajasthan
search and ensure consistency in Centre
approach across all the six states. A Type II 3. Andhra Pradesh Centre for Rural Studies
GRB methodology workshop was States and Development
organised with lead researchers from GBS NOT 4. Gujarat Pathey
the state budget groups. This helped PRODUCED
partners understand the scope of the 5. Jharkhand Life Educa on and
study, based on which they prepared Development Support
individual research plans, outlining 6. Odisha Centre for Youth and Social
the scope and methodology for the Development
state-level research.
The starting point for this research was whether the state government had published a GBS. Based on
the presence or absence of GBS, two classifications were made. Type I comprised states that publish
the GBS—Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan21 for instance, and states such as Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat,
Jharkhand and Odisha22, that do not produce GBS, were categorised Types II states.
The timeline for data collection and analysis was three months. The first draft of the report was submitted
to the core advisory team23. This was followed up by a review meet that was organised towards the end of
the project period to discuss the reports. Several inputs were provided towards finalizing the six reports.
The objective of the second phase was to prepare a consolidated summary of all the six reports. This in-
volved a thorough review of the reports. The task was challenging given that the focus24 and methodology
differed in each case. The challenge was to establish a common ground that would lend itself to an overall
analysis.
20 The state partners held the preroga ve to plan individual methodologies based on state specific needs and data availabil-
ity.
21 The objec ve was to cri cally examine the GRB strategy adopted by the state as well as an expenditure review of informa-
on provided in the Gender Budget Statement (GBS).
22 The objec ve was either to assess gender equality investments in select sectors or to examine the women component
plan with the aim to evaluate the expenditure priori es under the WCP.
23 Including members from UN Women and NFI
24 Gender Budget Statement for few states whereas the Women Component Plan for others.

For the analysis the same categorization of Type I states—with GBS—and Type II states—without GBS—
was used.
Structure of the Report

The report is divided into four chapters:
Chapter 1: Gender Responsive Budgeting in Sample States presents an overview of measures state gov-
ernments have taken towards integrating GRB methodology and institutionalizing GRB. It also critically
reviews the methodology as well as progress of GRB in states where the GBS framework has been officially
endorsed.
Chapter 2: Assessing Priorities in Gender Equality Investments tries to build a macro perspective in
relation to investment priorities in the sample states. It engages in quantitative methodology to enable
a preliminary assessment to establish the focus of investments, sectoral coverage and the trends thereof.
Chapter 3: Assessing Implementation tries to build a micro perspective and highlights through select
schemes, both women-specific and composite, issues related to implementation and quality of services. It
captures the information gathered through beneficiary assessments in select states.
Chapter 4: Conclusions and Recommendations presents the status of GRB across all states. It highlights
the common concerns with respect to operationalising and implementing GRB. It also outlines steps
necessary to overcome these concerns. This chapter ends with a set of recommendations for strengthen-
ing GRB.
Limita ons and Constraints25

There were several limitations and constraints with respect to the state-specific research studies. A few
limitations were generic and experienced across all the states under study, but some constraints were
specific to the state context.
These include:
1. Time and data constraints: Availability of both financial and sex disaggregated physical data was a
limitation across the states under study.
2. The focus of analysis for Type II states was limited to the WCP or women specific programmes and
women specific expenditure (WSE) across select departments. Therefore in these states an approxi-
mation of the total magnitude of expenditure flowing towards women and girls, across all schemes
and departments was not attempted, which effectively limited the scope of the review. This was due
to the following:
• Non-availability of sex-disaggregated information on beneficiaries in the case of composite
schemes.
• The demand for grants, used as data source, contains information only under broad heads. Al-
though it is possible to identify certain schemes that are exclusively meant for women, or would
primarily benefit women, one cannot accurately track resources earmarked for women within
different schemes of each department26. For instance, while it is easy to identify schemes for
girls’ education in the demand made by the Department of School and Mass Education, it is
extremely difficult to identify the proportion of resources benefiting girls in a composite expen-
diture scheme such as the District Primary Education Programme.
• Similarly, even within the women-specific schemes, details of the break-up between different
heads of expenditure are not available, therefore making it difficult to estimate the precise quan-
tum of resources flowing to women in such schemes.
25 There are few limita ons that were common to all six research teams, while others were specific to states.
26 Quan fying such ‘mainstreamed’ resources will only be possible when the details of sub-heads of expenditure under each
scheme become available as part of the detailed demands for grants of each department.
Introduc on | 5
• The non-inclusion of externally aided schemes was another constraint. These funds are not
routed through the state budget and thus not reflected in the demand for grants of the various
departments.

1 Gender Responsive
Budgeting in Sample
States: An Overview
The Planning Commission’s policy directives on GRB mandat-

ed state governments to adopt GRB and take necessary steps
to institutionalize the process. The secretary, Planning Com-
mission, in a communication dated October 18, 2012, reem-
phasised the need for GRB and wrote to the chief secretaries
of all states and union territories that in order to, “to accelerate
the process (of gender budgeting), State Finance Departments
could set up gender budget cells on the lines of the Charter for
GBCs issued by the Ministry of Finance. The State Planning
Departments may also be instructed to include the need for
gender budgeting as part of their annual plan circular27”. The
Ministry of Women and Child Development also formulated
detailed guidelines for streamlining the process of GRB in all
states and union territories. The guidelines were developed
with the intention of ensuring consistency in approach and
help develop a roadmap for GRB at the sub-national level28.
27 h p://www.wcd.nic.in/gb/material/Instruc ons/Le er_%20Plan-

ning_Commission.pdf
28 h p://www.wcd.nic.in/gb/material/Instruc ons/Le er_Chief%20Sec-
retary.pdf
| 7
This section provides an overview of GRB in each of the six sample states, which includes an analyses of
the efforts made to institutionalise GRB and key gains and gaps in the process followed. The overview
is presented separately for Type I states, with GBS, and Type II states, without GBS. But before that, the
states have been scored on their Gender Development Index (GDI) and Gender Empowerment Measures
(GEM).
THE SCORES
The GDI29 and GEM30 scores reflect the status of development of women across several important indi-
cators and facilitates evaluation of progress across several dimensions. The composite GDI score in the
sample states range from a low of 0.516 in Madhya Pradesh to a high of 0.624 in Gujarat (see Table 1).
With respect to GEM, Andhra Pradesh scores the highest at 0.547, and Odisha is at the unenviable last
position, with 0.393.
Table 1: HDI, GDI & GEM indicators of sample states

State HDI GDI 2006 GEM 2006
HI EdI YI GDI PI EI PoERI GEM
Type 1 Madhya 0.529 0.457 0.451 0.641 0.516 0.632 0.531 0.225 0.463
States Pradesh (21st Rank)
(GBS Rajasthan 0.541 0.526 0.381 0.672 0.526 0.627 0.490 0.208 0.442
pro- (24th Rank)
duced)
Type 2 Andhra 0.585 0.584 0.422 0.716 0.574 0.628 0.597 0.418 0.547
States Pradesh (5th Rank)
(GBS Gujarat 0.634 0.600 0.529 0.742 0.624 0.585 0.554 0.317 0.485
not pro- (15th Rank)
duced)
Jharkhand 0.574 0.590 0.418 0.665 0.558 0.614 0.415 0.277 0.435
(26th Rank)
Odisha 0.537 0.471 0.450 0.651 0.524 0.635 0.375 0.169 0.393
(29th Rank)
Na onal Average 0.605 0.573 0.494 0.702 0.590 0.625 0.546 0.319 0.497
Note: HI is the Index of ‘A long and healthy life’ based on Infant Mortality Rate and Life Expectancy at age 1;
EdI is the Index of ‘Knowledge’ based on 7+ Literacy Rate and Mean Years of Educa on for 15+ age
group;
YI is the Index of ‘A decent standard of living’ based on Earned Income; and
HDI is the ‘Human Development Index’.
PI = Index of ‘Poli cal Par cipa on & Decision-making Power’;
EI = Index of ‘Economic Par cipa on and Decision-making Power’;
PoERI = Index of ‘Power over Economic Resources’; and
GEM = Gender Empowerment Measure.
Source: hƩp://wcd.nic.in/publicaƟon/gdigemSummary%20Report/GDIGEMSummary.pdf
29 GDI is a measure of three dimensions/indices :- the index of ‘A long and healthy life’ based on Infant Mortality Rate and
Life Expectancy at age 1 Index of ‘Knowledge’ based on 7+ Literacy Rate and Mean Years of Educa on; Index of ‘A decent
standard of living’ based on Earned Income
30 Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) is intended to measure women’s and men’s ability to par cipate ac vely in
economic and poli cal life and their command over economic resources. It focuses on opportuni es and captures gender
inequality in three key areas, ‘Poli cal Par cipa on and Decision-making Power’, ‘Economic Par cipa on and Decision-
making Power’ and ‘Power over Economic Resources’.

TYPE I STATES
1. MADHYA PRADESH
In Madhya Pradesh (MP), GRB finds mention for the first time in the State Women Policy (Mahila Niti),
2008-201231. The policy highlights the need to ensure dignified participation of women in mainstream
development. It endorsed a 15-point agenda, wherein the eighth provision identified GRB as an impor-
tant strategy. The provision outlined the need for GRB and its implementation based on the priorities
of women in the state. As a step forward, the government of MP produced a Gender Budget Statement
(GBS) for the first time in 2007-08 along with the state budget. This has been a consistent practice since.
The state women policy was unique as it not only endorsed GRB but also provided clear directives on the
means to institutionalise it in the state. The following steps were outlined:
1. Create institutional arrangements by assessing participation of women in the state’s economy based
on their needs and priorities.
2. Ensure women’s interest at every level of budget preparation and scheme or programme imple-
mentation.
3. Evolve data collection and compilation technique for sex disaggregated data on important women
related issues.
4. Ensure women oriented strategy and for gender based budgeting system and its implementation.
To steer the process of institutionalising GRB, a work plan for the period 2008-12 was prepared and the
state women policy endorsed it. Well defined roles and responsibilities were identified for each depart-
ment in the work plan (see: Annexure 1).32
MADHYA PRADESH | GRB Fact sheet

Existence of exclusive Gender Available: Mahila NiƟ 2008-12
Policy Dra Mahila NiƟ GoMP 2013-17 (to be approved)
GRB Measures MP publishes the Gender Budget Statement (GBS) since 2007-08 on a regu-
lar basis. GBS 2013-14 is seventh in the series.
The current GBS covers 25 departments out of 53. GBS 2013-14 reports a
total of 451 schemes—51 in Shreni-I and 400 in Shreni-II category32.
Administra ve circulars GRB direc ves and road map endorsed in the Mahila NiƟ.
containing direc ves, State Finance Department has developed a format for presen ng the GBS.
instruc ons, mandatory
templates, policy guidelines or
rules that exist currently on GRB
GBS Format The Finance department is responsible for the prepara on of the GBS in
MP.
The format is divided into two parts:
Shreni I: Women Specific Schemes—Schemes explicitly meant to benefit
women/girls—targe ng 100 per cent budget alloca on
Shreni II: Pro Women Schemes—Schemes that partly benefit women—bud-
get alloca on in the range of 30 per cent to less than 100 per cent
31 h p://www.mpwcd.nic.in/pdf/WOMEN_POLICY_2007-11_REVISED.pdf
32 Shreni I: Women Specific Schemes—Schemes explicitly meant to benefit women/girls—targe ng 100 per cent budget al-
loca on
Shreni II: Pro Women Schemes—Schemes that partly benefit women—budget alloca on in the range of 30 per cent to less
than 100 per cent
Gender Responsive Budge ng in Sample States: An Overview | 9

Departments covered under GBS Revenue, Home, Sports and Youth Welfare, Commerce Industry and
Employment, Farmer Welfare and Agriculture Development, Co-opera ve,
Public Health and Family Welfare, Urban Administra on and Development,
School Educa on, Panchayat, Tribal Welfare, Social Jus ce, Food and Civil
Supply, Water Resources, Animal Husbandry, Fishery, Higher Educa on, Jan
ShkƟ Niyojan, Avia on, Women and Child Development, Rural Industry,
Medical Educa on, OBC and Minority Welfare, SC Welfare, Rural Develop-
ment, Hor culture and Food Processing, Ayush, Vimukt Ghumakad evam
Arddhgumkkd JaƟ Kalyan Bibhag
Source: Gender Budget Statement, Vol. 6, Govt. of MP, Various Years
GRBI ins tu onal mechanisms State Finance Department
WCD
State Planning Commission
Gender Resource Centre (GRC), Academy of Administra on
Status of the GRB ini a ve At a pilot stage, involving limited number of actors
Focus of the GRB ini a ve Largely on the GBS at present
2. RAJASTHAN
The government of Rajasthan initiated the process of implementing GRB by identifying six key depart-
ments—health, education, agriculture, women and child development, registration and stamps and social
welfare33. A study was commissioned to analyse these departments from the GRB perspective and pro-
vide necessary recommendations to facilitate the process of gender budgeting in them. The research also
aimed to establish gender sensitive monitoring and evaluation framework within these departments.34
This was followed up with another research in 2006-0735.
In 2008, the government announced its intention to implement the GRB strategy in the state. A gender
cell was created in the department of women and child development (DWCD) in 2009 to act as the nodal
agency for GRB. Another important development was the constitution of a high level committee in 2010
headed by the chief secretary. This led to the formal introduction of the GBS in the state. The GBS format
was developed in a collaborative manner and a step-by-step note36 was drafted to guide respective depart-
ments. The GBS was mentioned in the budget circular issued by the state government in August 2011, for
the budget 2012-13. The first GBS was published along with the state budget in 2012-13.
In 2012, the chief secretary issued a circular delineating the guidelines37 for furnishing information in the
GBS. The circular also outlined the criteria to report in the GBS:
1. Departments which focus mainly on women and girls should report their total expenditure as well
as their establishment cost as the gender budget component;
2. Other departments should take the share of women and girls among the beneficiaries of their
schemes as criteria for reporting the gender component; and
3. Those departments that are “gender neutral sector”, such as infrastructure related sectors like ca-
nal, road, water, electricity should report the gender component based on the share of women in
total population.
The circular also directs the departments to provide the “underlying assumptions” while reporting in the
GBS, and suggests the revenue earning departments to undertake a gendered analysis of tax and revenue
policies.
33 Snapshots of Gender Responsive Budge ng in Rajasthan, Department of Planning Government of Rajasthan h p://evalua-
on.rajasthan.gov.in/U lity/Documents/GenderBudge ng/English/snap.pdf
34 Gender Responsive Budge ng of the Department of Registra on and Stamps in Rajasthan, 2006
35 These reports are available on the planning department’s websites. Available on: h p://www.evalua on.rajasthan.gov.in/
Budge ngReports.aspx
36 The Introductory note by the Gender Cell available one: h p://wcd.rajasthan.gov.in/docs/gender-cell-new.pdf
37 Available on: h p://finance.rajasthan.gov.in/BUDGET/F4(92)FD-08.11.12.pdf

All departments are required to furnish information in the prescribed format prepared by the gender
cell, wherein they are supposed to list schemes and reflect allocations as per the prescribed criteria and
grading norms38 (see: Annexure 2). The departments submit the filled up formats to the state finance
department. These are consolidated by the finance department with help from the gender cell. Post con-
solidation, the GBS is presented as part of the state budget document.39 40 41 42
RAJASTHAN | GRB Fact sheet

Existence of exclusive Gender Policy Available
• The State Women Policy39
• The State Girl Child Policy 201340
GRB Measures Process ins tu onalised with the publica on of GBS.
Administra ve circulars containing • Budget circular of the Finance Department, dated August 31,
direc ves, instruc ons, mandatory 2012
templates, policy guidelines or rules that • Circular from the Chief Secretary of the state government
exist currently on GRB dated November 8, 2012.
GBS Format In Rajasthan, the informa on provided in the GBS is neither
department wise nor major head wise, but Budget Finaliza on
Commi ee (BFC)41 unit wise. These are further divided and
reflected under three categories- non plan, plan and Centrally
Sponsored Schemes (CSS). The format is divided into four parts:
Part A: Where the percentage of women beneficiaries / Share
of alloca on towards women and girls is > 70%
Part B: Where the percentage of women beneficiaries / Share
of alloca on towards women and girls is 70-30%
Part C: Where the percentage of women beneficiaries / Share
of alloca on towards women and girls is 30-10%
Part D: Where the percentage of women beneficiaries / Share
of alloca on towards women and girls is < 10%
Departments covered under GBS In 2013-14, number of BFC units covered in the GBS is 113. This
is approximately across 34 departments42 (see: Annexure 3).
GRBI ins tu onal mechanisms • A Gender Cell in DWCD, which provides overall direc on and
technical support to the departments for preparing GBS43.
• There is a high power commi ee headed by the Chief Secre-
tary of the state.
• There is a Working Group of the State Planning Board to
provide recommenda ons on how to improve and promote
GRB in the state.
Status of the GRB ini a ve At a pilot stage, involving limited number of actors.
Focus of the GRB ini a ve GBS centred
43
38 Grading norms are prescribed in the GBS

39 h p://wcd.rajasthan.gov.in/Docs/woman_Policy.pdf
40 wcd.rajasthan.gov.in/docs/state-girl-child-policy-new.pdf‎
41 Budget Finaliza on Commi ees are formed in each department to assist the Finance Department in evalua ng and assess-
ing the budget proposals prepared by the department. There are typically more than one BFC in each department.
42 No. of departments are based on the research teams’ es mate.
43 The link for their page on DWCD website is: h p://wcd.rajasthan.gov.in/GenderCell.aspx

TYPE II STATES
3. ANDHRA PRADESH
Andhra Pradesh is one of the few states where neither a women component plan44 (WCP) nor a GBS is
available. In a recent development, however, the special chief secretary, planning department, govern-
ment of AP, has taken the initiative to accelerate the process of institutionalising GRB. A note to this effect
was circulated to all departments of the government on October 31, 2013. Subsequently, the planning de-
partment in partnership with Centre for Rural Studies and Development (CRSD) and UN Women organ-
ised a two-day GRB consultation workshop in December 2013. The aim of the workshop was to prepare
the GRB strategy and road map, including suggestions on the GBS format and institutional mechanisms.
The Women, Children, Disabled and Senior Citizens Department has been assigned the responsibility to
take necessary steps to prepare a GBS from the year 2014-15, in consultation with the finance department.
Prior to this also, the state government has done pioneering work on empowerment of women through
economic development programmes. In fact women’s empowerment is the mainstay of the government’s
poverty alleviation strategy45. The Society for Elimination of Rural Poverty (SERP) and Mission for Elimi-
nation of Poverty in Municipal Areas (MEPMA) are the two institutions through which significant num-
ber of poor women have been empowered economically and socially.46
ANDHRA PRADESH AP | GRB Fact sheet

Existence of exclusive Gender Policy Gender Policy nonexistent.
AP Girl Child Promo on And Empowerment Act, 201346
GRB Measures The government’s planning department has issued an administra-
ve note on October 30, 2013, containing instruc ons on GRB.
Administra ve circulars containing Two official circulars have been issued:
direc ves, instruc ons, mandatory i. Principal Secretary, Women, Children, Disabled and Senior Ci -
templates, policy guidelines or rules that zens Department vide its communica on dated May 20,2013,
exist currently on GRB have circulated the MWCD guidelines to all departments of AP
secretariat for the implementa on of GRB.
ii. A note by Special Chief Secretary, Planning Department,
and Government of AP was circulated to all departments of
the government on October 31, 2013. As per the note, the
Women, Children, Disabled and Senior Ci zens Department,
has been assigned the responsibility to take necessary steps to
prepare a gender budget statement from the year 2014-15 in
consulta on with the finance department.
GBS Format GBS format not finalised as of date.
Departments covered under GBS NA
Several departments in the state book pro-women expendi-
ture within composite schemes or programmes. However, the
quantum of alloca on cannot be assessed given the absence of a
specific format or template to capture such informa on.
There are 10 departments that allocate under women specific
schemes- Planning, Secretariat, School Educa on, Higher Educa-
on, Secretariat, Health and Family Welfare, Municipal Admin-
istra on, Women Development & Child Welfare, Civil Supplies,
Social Welfare, Minori es Welfare & Rural Development. These
alloca ons can be easily quan fied.
GRBI ins tu onal mechanisms Not finalised as of date.
Status of the GRB ini a ve At the incep on stage.
Focus of the GRB ini a ve NA
44 The WCP is not reflected in the Annual Plan documents

45 The AP government supported the Self Help Groups Movement since 1995
46 h p://65.19.149.155:8080/bt/

4. GUJARAT
The process of institutionalising GRB in the state was initiated at the behest of the Planning Commission
of India and thereafter in 2006 the chief secretary of Gujarat took necessary steps to further the process47.
Subsequently a state-level committee for facilitating implementation of GRB and gender auditing in the
state was constituted. As a first step, a general resolution dated October 13, 200648 was issued by the De-
partment of Women and Child Development (WCD). The resolution clearly outlined the GRB strategy.
It also included information on 10 key departments49 wherein this strategy was to be implemented. The
nodal departments were also identified. These included Departments of Finance, General Administra-
tion (Planning) and WCD. The composition of the state-level committee50 was also indicated. Further, it
provided the terms of reference for the committee to guide the GRB process and delineate the modalities
by which GRB and gender audits could be undertaken. The functions51 included:
1. Ensure departments develop mechanisms to translate GRB concepts into action.
2. Review the progress of GRB in respective departments periodically.
3. Ensure redressal of constraints hampering GRB process.
4. Identify sectors for evaluation of programme interventions, identify impact indicators for under-
taking evaluation, review adequacy of resources avaiable, both financial and physical. Also develop
strategies for dissemination of findings among stakeholders.
5. Recommend and address gaps beteween policy commitment and allocations for women through
adequate resource allocation and gender sensitive programme formulation and implementation as
identified by processes of GRB.
6. Ensure mainstreaming gender concerns in public expenditure, programme implementation and

policies relating to public expenditure, fiscal and monetary matters.
7. Suggest modification in policies and programmes based on findings or reports on the subject.
The resolution outlined the need for setting up a GRB monitoring cell in the WCD department. Capacity
building workshops were also organised in the state. The State Institute of Rural Development (SIRD) in-
troduced a component of GRB capacity building in its training curriculum. A unit was constituted within
SIRD for the same. Subsequently, nodal officers were appointed in each department and a task force was
constituted for every department. The first meeting of the High Powered Committee was held in May
2007 to discuss progress made on GRB. The state also undertook a preliminary analysis of budget trends
for three years from a gender perspective. This was followed by an in-depth analysis of the departments of
rural development, health, education and WCD. Gender Resource Centre (GRC) carried out the research.
Although the government of Gujarat had an ambitious roadmap for GRB and took several noteworthy
steps in that direction, it was not able to institutionalise GRB in an effective and sustainable manner. One
of the key limitations of GRBI in Gujarat can be attributed to the fact that the state government continues
to employ the WCP methodology to reflect the women component in its plan budget outlays, despite clear
instructions from the Planning Commission to the contrary.
47 h p://www.grcgujarat.org/PDF/GRB_Progress.pdf
48 h p://grcgujarat.org/PDF/GR%20on%20GRB%20in%20Gujarat.pdf
49 Finance Department (Nodal Department); General Administra on Department (Nodal Department); Revenue Depart-
ment; Educa on Department; Health & Family Welfare Department; Panchayat , Rural Housing and Rural Development
Dept Social Jus ce and Empowerment Department Tribal Development Department Women and Child Development
Department (Nodal Department) Narmada Water Resource, Water Supply and Kalpsar Department)
50 The Principal Secretary to GOI (Expenditure), Finance Department was chairman and Commission and Principal Secre-
tary WCD was the Convener. Principal Secretaries of all 10 iden fied departments were assigned the role as members.
The commi ee was also required to include permanent representa on from the Gender Resource Centre, UNFPA & UN
Women with the view to provide technical support to the departments.
51 As per the resolu on TORs h p://grcgujarat.org/PDF/GR%20on%20GRB%20in%20Gujarat.pdf

GUJARAT | GRB Fact sheet
Existence of exclusive Gender Policy Available
Nari Gaurav NiƟ, Gender Equity Policy, 2006. This
policy is a comprehensive document that looks into
various spheres of a woman’s life and aims for a holis c
development. The Ni has outlined me bound ac on
plans for each sector while also alloca ng responsibili es
to all state departments. As per the policy, each
department is required to further develop detailed ac on
plans for the outputs to be delivered by them.
GRB Measures • The state government cons tuted state level
commi ee to work out the modali es of implemen ng
gender budge ng and gender audi ng.
• GRB formally introduced in 10 key departments
• Se ng up a GRB monitoring cell in the WCD
department
• Preliminary analysis of budget from a GRB perspec ve
• GRB Trainings
Administra ve circulars, containing direc ves, A general resolu on dated October 13, 200652 was issued
instruc ons, mandatory templates, policy by the Department of Women and Child Development.
guidelines or rules that exist currently on GRB
GBS Format Not yet developed.
The state includes a women component in its plan budget
outlays.
GRBI ins tu onal mechanisms • State level commi ee cons tuted
• Nodal agency iden fied
• GRB task force in each department
• GRB training cell cons tuted in SIRD
• GRB monitoring cell cons tuted in WCD
Status of the GRB ini a ve At an ini al stage of early sensi sa on about concepts,
tools, objec ves
Focus of the GRB ini a ve As per the TORs of the GRB state level commi ee the
focus was broad-based. However, there has been no
follow up on the same.
52
5. JHARKHAND
Of the six states under review, Jharkhand stands out as the weakest in terms of its efforts to initiate GRB.
The Centre of Fiscal Studies53 undertook a few one-off measures in this direction. This, however, could
not be sustained, primarily due to a lack of trained staff and personnel54 in the finance department. The
human resource and technical skill gap affected not only the growth of GRB within the state but also
constrained the regular budget process.
Despite the fact that efforts to operationalise GRB are almost non-existent, the state government has
taken several noteworthy steps to promote gender equality and empowerment of women, which includes
various policy and budgetary commitments for the same. One of the prominent efforts in this direction
was the celebration of 2011 as the year of the ‘Girl Child’ or Bitiya Varsh. Several initiatives were planned
with the objective to empower the girl child by providing equal opportunity to enhance their health, nu-
trition, education and overall prosperity.
52 h p://grcgujarat.org/PDF/GR%20on%20GRB%20in%20Gujarat.pdf
53 Established jointly by the government of Jharkhand and USAID.
54 A er the forma on of the state a number of trained and skilled personnel remained with the old state of Bihar. Due to
various factors and forces, new staff could not be recruited and trained.

JHARKHAND | GRB Fact sheet
Existence of exclusive Gender Policy Non existent
The Gender Policy is almost final and pending approval
GRB Measures NA
Administra ve circulars, containing direc ves, NA
instruc ons, mandatory templates, policy
guidelines or rules that exist currently on GRB
GBS Format NA
GRBI ins tu onal mechanisms NA
Status of the GRB ini a ve Not started yet. Even the sensi sa on towards the need
for GRB is missing.
6. ODISHA
In Odisha, the National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development (NIPCCD) and DWCD
jointly undertook a GRB study, with technical support from the School of Women’s Studies, Utkal Uni-
versity, Odisha. Subsequently, the School of Women’s Studies hosted an international conference in 2003.
The objective of the conference was to share the methodology and core findings of the study. The aim of
the conference was also to enable civil society organisations and researchers to learn from this experience.
The conference was important as it helped develop a work plan for implementing GRB in the state. It also
provided a platform to discuss ways of creating a constituency to influence gender sensitive policymak-
ing in the state. As a follow up to the conference, a Gender Budget Initiative forum was set up with rep-
resentatives from academia, government, media, women’s organisations and civil society organisations
(CSOs). Another important study was commissioned in 2005, which included a gender budget analysis of
panchayat finance55. A training module was developed on the basis of the research findings and panchayat
members were trained.
Subsequently, the government of Odisha established a dedicated Gender Cell in the WCD with support
from planning and co-ordination department. This cell was established as part of ‘Engendering State
Plan’ initiative under the Government of India-UNDP project implemented by the state government dur-
ing 2009-2010. The objective, functioning and constitution of the cell were clearly defined and the same
were published in the Odisha Gazette, dated October 5, 200856. Its primary mandate was to ‘ensure the
relevance and significance of Gender Equity and Equality in the overall development process and plans’57.
The key functions of the cell were as follows58 :
1. To facilitate awareness on gender issues and promote gender sensitive programmes, policies, laws
and schemes.
2. To create new database and update the existing gender database.
3. To set up information networks and to cooperate with interested organisations at the local, na-
tional and international levels.
4. To undertake social research, and analyse problems and processes of gender development, espe-
cially in Odisha.
5. To involve and enhance participation of key stakeholders in programmes related to gender and
development on a common platform.
6. To link and facilitate the activities of voluntary organisations and other groups
55 h p://www.sansris .org/gender-budge ng1.php

56 orissa.gov.in/govtpress/pdf/2010/1728.pdf
57 Ibid
58 Ibid

7. To conduct gender audits in related departments and programmes.
8. To design programmes, monitor and provide technical support to the relevant schemes, projects or
programmes.
9. To provide any other such services that will further any of the above objectives of the cell.
The GBC was to be headed by the nodal officer, not below the rank of under secretary, assisted by two
consultants and one junior programmer. The gazetteer also mentions that 15 government departments
set up these cells.59 60
ODISHA | GRB Fact sheet

Existence of exclusive Gender Policy Gender Policy non existent
A special policy for comba ng trafficking of women and
children for commercial sexual exploita on, including
labour exploita on59
GRB Measures • Research study on GRB by NIPCCD and DW&CD
• Formula on of a gender budget ini a ve forum
• Research on gender budget analysis of Panchayat
Finance
• Gender Cell in the WCD with support from Planning
and Co-ordina on Department
Administra ve circulars containing direc ves, The objec ve, mandate, func oning and cons tu on of
instruc ons, mandatory templates, policy the GBC were clearly defined and the same was published
guidelines or rules that exist currently on GRB in the Odisha Gaze e, dated October 5, 200860.
GBS Format • Not developed
• The sate engages with the WCP mode.
GRBI ins tu onal mechanisms Gender Budget Cell cons tuted
Status of the GRB ini a ve GRB lost its momentum a er the conclusion of the GOI-
UNDP project. The main push came from external sources.
As the state did not own up the process, making these
efforts unsustainable.
59 h p://www.wcdorissa.gov.in/download/Resolu on-Trafficking.pdf
60 orissa.gov.in/govtpress/pdf/2010/1728.pdf

2 Assessing Priorities
in Gender Equality
Investments
Budgets can be analysed in multiple ways from the equity61

perspective. Different parameters based on the objective of
analysis can be established to be able to assess and analyse
budgetary trends. These could include: adequacy, priority,
spending efficiency, performance, achievement, outcomes
or a combination of these. The methodology or tool and the
choice of parameters depend entirely on the objective of the
analysis. For the purpose of this report, the ‘priority’ criterion
is used for analysing state budgets to establish the preferences
in gender equality investments. The objective is to analyse the
broad trends in prioritising gender equality measures across
the six sample states. It is important to note that there may be
visible inter and intra state differences in this regard. However,
the scope of this review is limited only at the aggregate level.
61 Here equity implies a gendered perspec ve
| 17
Methodology
A quantitative methodology was used to assess the priorities in gender equality investments in the sample
states. The scope of analysis as well as the time period differed in all the six states.
State State Scope of analysis Time period Data Sources

Typology
Type I Madhya • Gender Budget Statement 2007-08 to Gender budget statement,
(GBS pro- Pradesh 2013-14 budget documents,
duced) other secondary sources
Rajasthan • Gender Budget Statement 2012-13 and Gender budget statement,
2013-14 budget documents,
other secondary sources
Type II Andhra • Scope of analysis is limited to the 10 depart- 2009-10, Budget documents (de-
(GBS not Pradesh ments that allocate towards 100 per cent 2011-12, mand for grants) and other
pro- women specific schemes. 2012-13 and secondary sources
duced) • Only 100 per cent women specific 2013-14
expenditure in these 10 departments is
analysed.
Gujarat • Those schemes that have 100 per cent 2009-10, Detailed demands for
women specific outlay implemented by 13 2010-11 and grants, annual financial
departments promo ng ma ers of welfare, 2012-13 statement and other budget
health care, nutri onal development, em- documents.
powerment and protec on of the women in
Gujarat.
• The state women’s policy is used as the
framework of analysis.
Jharkhand • Demand for grants62 that expend 100 per 2007-08, Jharkhand budget
cent alloca ons for women specific PPS 2008-09, documents of various years
were iden fied. 2009-2010, star ng from 2007-08 to
• Eight demand for grants were selected for 2011-12, 2013-14.
the study. 2012-13 and
2013-14
Odisha • Women specific schemes reflected in the 2007-08, Detailed demands for
WCP from 10 departments. 2008-09, grants, annual financial
2009-10, statement and other budget
2010-11, documents.
2011-12,
2012-13 to
2013-14
62
62 Analysis of demand for grants and not a study of department wise alloca ons.

TYPE I STATES
1. Madhya Pradesh
A review of the GBS produced in the past seven years reveals that the gender budget estimate outlay for
Madhya Pradesh has increased about 3.5 times—from Rs 7593 crore in 2007-08 to Rs 26,233 crore in
2013-14; whereas the state budget has increased only 2.8 times in the same period—Rs. 32,694 estimate
in 2007-08 to Rs. 91,947 in 2013-14 (see: Table 2).
Table 2: Gender Budget alloca ons in Madhya Pradesh (in Rs. crore)
2007-08 BE 2008-09 BE 2009-10 BE 2010-11 BE 2011-12 BE 2012-13 BE 2013-14 BE
Total gender 7593 10111 12608 13546 18665 23400 26233
budget (13 Depts.) (21 Depts.) (23 Depts.) (24 Depts.) (21 Depts.) (23 Depts.) (25 Depts.)
Total state budget 32694 39442 46445 51507 65846 80031 91947
Propor on of 23.2 25.6 27.1 26.3 28.3 29.2 28.5
gender budget as
compared to total
state budget
% increase over 33.2 24.7 7.4 37.8 25.4 12.1
previous year in
gender budget
Source: Gender Budget and State Budget, GoMP, various years
Interestingly, gender budget constituted nearly one-fourth of the total state budget in 2008-09 (the base
year covering 13 departments) and showed a steady increase thereafter to 28.5 per cent in 2013-14, cover-
ing 25 departments. This is a positive trend as it indicates that a significant proportion of the total outlay63
is flowing towards women.
SCHEMES IN THE GBS
In MP, schemes are reflected under two categories in

Figure 1: Number of schemes under Shreni I &
the GBS — Shreni I and Shreni II. Shreni I includes II- GBS 2013-14
women specific schemes or schemes exclusively
meant to benefit women, with 100 per cent budget-
Sherni I
ary allocation for women; Shreni II includes pro-
Sherni II
women schemes or those that partly benefit women. 51,
The budget allocation under Shreni II is within the 11%
range of more than 30 per cent, but less than 100 per
cent.
As many as 451 schemes found mention in the GBS

for 2013-14. Of these, 51 women-specific schemes
400,
fall under Shreni I and 400 pro-women schemes un- 89%
der Shreni II. The number of schemes in Shreni II is
significantly higher than those in Shreni I (see: Figure
1). The department-wise coverage of gender budget
is listed in Annexure 4.
DEPARTMENT WISE DISTRIBUTION OF SCHEMES
Twenty-five departments reflect their allocations in the GBS. A close look at the department-wise sche-
matic distribution for both Shreni I and II, indicates that six departments have an overwhelming presence
in the GBS—35764 schemes are concentrated within these six departments. The top three departments
63 Both Plan and Non Plan

64 The average number of schemes for seven years from 2007-08 to 2013-14 is 357.
Assessing Priori es in Gender Equality Investments | 19

are tribal welfare, with 49 schemes; school education, with 46 schemes; and higher education with 41
schemes; followed by 33 schemes in SC Welfare and women and child departments; and 32 in public
health and family welfare. Shreni I schemes reveal that a majority of the schemes, 15 out of 45, are WCD
schemes65.
Figure 2: GB Magnitude under Shreni I and Shreni II (in Rs crore) 2007-08 to 2013-14
30000
25000 24466
21933
20000
15000 16329
11977 12782
10000 7368 9801
5000 1468 1768
225 310 631 764 1115
0
Shreni-I Shreni-II
KEY TRENDS
• Increase in the gender budget over the years is a positive trend. The GBS has grown 3.5 times be-
tween 2007-08 and 2013-14.
• Compared to the GBS at the Union level, which is 5.4 per cent of the total budget outlay for 2013-
14, the magnitude of the GBS in MP is significantly high at 28.5 per cent of 2013-14.
• Analysis of schemes categorised under Shreni I and II (see: Figure 2) shows that the GB under
Shreni II has grown from Rs. 7368 crore in budget estimate in 2007-08 to Rs. 24,466 crore in 2013-
14. No such remarkable change is visible in Shreni I.
• As shown in Figure 2, there has been marked growth in Shreni II schemes—400 schemes across 25
departments in 2013-14. However, given the lack of a clear-cut methodology, several departments
reflect allocations in a completely arbitrary manner. This is more so in the case of schemes that are
not beneficiary oriented.
• The inflated figures are also attributed to erroneous reflection of the total budget under these
schemes in Shreni II. Several schemes reflect 100 per cent budget allocation (as made under de-
mand for grant) in Shreni-II.
FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF PRIORITY

• Only 25 of the 53 state departments report in the GBS. This indicates that efforts towards main-
streaming women’s priorities remain limited to certain departments.
• The fisheries department reported GBS from 2008-09 to 2011-12; revenue department, from 2008-
09 to 2010-11, and the medical education department from 2009-10 to 2011-12. But for 2013-14,
GBS does not figure in these departments.
• The focus is more on the so called soft sectors and in the process, mainstream public expenditure
that can have gender differential impact has not been given due attention e.g. infrastructure, trans-
port etc.
• Of the 25 departments reporting in the GBS, including both Shreni I and II, only five key depart-
ments account close to 80 per cent of the total outlay reflected in GBS. These include school educa-
tion at 36 per cent, women and child development at 12 per cent, rural development at 11 per cent,
65 Schemes that are implemented by Women and Child Development Department, M.P

tribal welfare 11 per cent and health and family welfare at 8 per cent.
• Majority of the 25 departments that report in the GBS are also the so called ‘women specific sec-
tors’. It appears that the economic priorities of women do not receive as much focus as the social
sectors.
• Even within the social sectors, the investments do not appear to be adequate. For instance, of the
five key departments that constitute the bulk of the GBS, health and family welfare constitutes only
8 per cent, which seems exceedingly low compared to health related status of women in the state.
The state health indicators reflect the need to step up special measures for women within the sector
and prioritise spending accordingly.
2. Rajasthan
In Rajasthan, the GBS is presented as per
the budget finance committees (BFC)66. Box 3: BFCs & Departments included in GBS
The peculiarity of the GBS in Rajasthan is 2012-13 and 2013-14
that under each BFC, the allocations are Year No. of BFCs No. of Departments *
further sub-divided under three catego- 2012-13 95 27
ries—non-plan, plan and centrally spon-
2013-14 113 34
sored schemes (CSS)67. There are 234 BFCs
Source: GBS, 2012-13 and 2013-14.
in the state of which 95 BFCs were found in * Note: No. of departments are based on BARC’s es mate.
the GBS of 2012-13. In 2013-14, the num-
ber of BFCs in the GBS increased to 113. A
list of all the BFCs included in GBS 2012-
13 and 2013-14 is given in Annexure 5.
The format used in Rajasthan presents a peculiar challenge. The practice of reporting as per BFCs makes
it extremely difficult to identify the departments, which are included in the GBS. For the purpose of this
study, an estimation of the number of departments was made on the basis of the BFCs included in the
GBS (for 2012-13 and 2013-14). Box 3 lists out the number of BFCs and corresponding departments as
per the estimations of the research team.
Figure 3: Percentage of Gender Budget vis-à-vis total State Budget, Rajasthan

54.33
60
50.82
50
35.24
32.97
40
25.64
24.41
30
19.94
19.14
20
10
0
NON-PLAN PLAN CSS TOTAL*
2012-13 2013-14
Source: Rajasthan GBS, 2012-13, 2013-14
*% of total GBS to total budget based on calculaƟons done by adding Non Plan, Plan & CSS
66 Budget Finaliza on Commi ees are formed in each department to assist the Finance Department in evalua ng and assess-
ing the budget proposals prepared by the department. There are typically more than one BFC in each department.
67 Generally the GBS is presented as non-plan and plan.

On the basis of these estimates, it is observed that the number of departments increased from 27 in 2012-
13 to 113 is 2013-14. As compared to the total state budget allocations under non-plan, plan and CSS, the
gender budget for 2013-14 constitutes almost 20 per cent of the total non-plan, 35 per cent of the total
plan and 54.33 per cent of the total CSS. As compared to the base year, 2012-13, the proportion of gender
budget under plan and CSS increased marginally in 2013-14, while it has remained more or less the same
for non-plan expenditure (see: Figure 3).
The BFCs and corresponding outlays are further divided into four categories—A, B, C and D68. Unlike
MP, this categorisation is not applied to schemes as a whole, but used for ranking the non-plan, plan and
CSS components of the scheme under each BFC.
Figure 4: GB Growth , 2012-13 & 2013-14 (Rs in Crores)
94871.95
90250.64
100000 76675.22
90000
71908.4
80000
58923.14
70000
48127.86
60000
50000
28073.83
40000
23146.61
23146.61
20975.32
17554.13
17554.13
30000
11486.6
9892.33
9212.47
20000
6916.1
3253.67
2805.21
1767.68
1425.54
10000
0
TOTAL BUDGET GB TOTAL BUDGET GB
2012-13 (RS. CRORE) 2012-13 (RS. CRORE)
Non Plan Plan CSS Total Total (as in Main Budget Book)
Source: BARC’s analysis of Rajasthan’s gender budget statement 2012-13 and 2013-14
KEY TRENDS
An analysis of the GBS for the past two years reveals the following:
• The number of departments reporting in the GBS has increased from 27 to 34 in 2013-14. A de-
partment-wise analysis of gender budget, by adding all BFCs of the department, reflects interest-
ing trends. As compared to the base year 2012-13, the gender budget under plan expenditure for
WCD, Ayurveda, Rural Development, Social Justice, Panchayati Raj and the Public Works Depart-
ment (PWD) has decreased. Conversely, gender budget under plan expenditure for the depart-
ments of labour, local self governance (LSG), sports, industry, education and minority affairs has
seen a perceptible increase over the two-year time frame.
• Of the total schemes reflected under all four categories (A,B,C and D) almost one-third has less
than 30 per cent women beneficiaries, i.e. a third of the schemes fall under categories C and D69.
• The gender budget as a proportion of the total state budget across all three categories is highest for
CSS—54.33 per cent of total CSS outlay for 2013-14.
• The total gender budget has grown from Rs. 17,554 crore in 2012-13 to Rs. 23,146 crore in 2013-
14. The percentage increase is 22.89 per cent to 24.39 per cent in the corresponding periods, as
compared to the total outlay for both reference years.
68 Part A: Where the percentage of women beneficiaries / Share of alloca on towards women and girls is > 70%
Part B: Where the percentage of women beneficiaries / Share of alloca on towards women and girls is 70-30%
Part C: Where the percentage of women beneficiaries / Share of alloca on towards women and girls is 30-10%
Part D: Where the percentage of women beneficiaries / Share of alloca on towards women and girls is < 10%
69 Ibid

• The bulk contribution towards the total gender budget is through non-plan allocations for both
reference years. Its proportion under non plan as compared to the total gender budget for 2012-13
was almost 53 per cent and the same for 2013-14 is around 49 per cent (see: Figure 4)

• The GBS format in Rajasthan captures allocations under BFCs instead of departments. This creates
confusion in assessing department-wise allocations under the prescribed categories.
• In the GBS the budget estimates are reflected under non-plan, plan and CSS. However, the actual
expenditure is not classed accordingly and clubbed together.
• Ninety-five BFCs found mention in the GBS 2012-13. In 2013-14, the number of BFCs reflected in
the GBS increased to 113. This indicates increase in the number of departments as well as the num-
ber of schemes. However, if the allocations as reflected in the GBS of 2013-14 are compared with
the base year, it is observed that the proportion of gender budget under plan and CSS has increased
marginally in 2013-14, while it has remained more or less the same for non-plan expenditure. This
means despite an increase in the number of BFCs there is no perceptible increase in allocations.
• The greatest challenge is unravelling the allocations reflected under Parts B, C and D wherein the
proportion or percentage of female beneficiaries has to be reported. In the absence of beneficiary
data, the reporting appears arbitrary.
• As per GRB guidelines, those departments that work in a “gender neutral sector” or those that
work in the basic infrastructure sector like canal, road, water, electricity etc. should report gender
component based on the share of women in total population. This assumption seems inappropriate
and results in overestimation in figures reported by these sectors.
• The official website mentions about 57 departments70. Of these only 34 departments report al-
locations in the GBS. This points towards concentration of schemes in so called women priority
sectors. Women’s needs in other sectors, especially economic, are unrecognised and therefore in-
vestments in these by and large bypass the women.
• The gender budget reported, under plan, by a few key sectors such as WCD, Ayurveda, Rural De-
velopment, Social Justice, Panchayati Raj and PWD has decreased. This is a major concern since
reduced allocations may adversely impact ongoing efforts as well as slow down the achievement of
results. Here again the quantum of investments reflect a perceptible downtrend.
Box 4: MUKHYA MANTRI BPL AWAS YOJANA, Rajasthan

(Policy Analysis from an Intersec onal71 Perspec ve)
In 2011, the Rajasthan government launched the ‘Mukhya Mantri Gramin BPL Awaas Yojana’ as a complemen-
tary scheme to the Indira Awas Yojana (IAY). The aim was to meet the rural BPL housing needs in an accelerated
fashion and to reduce the wai ng period for IAY beneficiaries. The scheme is meant to primarily provide financial
assistance for construc on and upgrada on of dwelling units of families of scheduled castes (SC), scheduled
tribes (ST), minori es, physically handicapped and others below the poverty line in rural areas by providing them
a lump sum financial assistance. In its very approach, this scheme is oriented towards the most marginalised sec-
ons of the popula on, with the objec ve to fulfil their ‘Right to Shelter’.
At the very onset, the scheme integrated the equity perspec ve by framing gender sensi ve provisions, such as:
• Iden fying the categories of beneficiaries: SC-ST, freed bonded labourers, minori es and non-SC-ST rural
households in the BPL category, widows and next-of-kin to defence personnel and paramilitary forces killed
in ac on (irrespec ve of their income criteria), ex-servicemen and re red members of paramilitary forces
residing in rural areas form the primary target group of eligible candidates for the IAY scheme. No ng the
mul ple levels of disadvantage and exclusion faced by women, the list of beneficiaries includes categories
such as married and unmarried women, widow, war widow and single women.
• Outlining a gender empowering allotment criteria: ‘Houses are alloted jointly in the name of husband or
70 h p://www.rajasthan.gov.in/DepartmentProfile/Pages/DepartmentMaster.aspx
71 Here marginalised refer to different category of BPL women – single, widow, deserted etc and their vulnerability

solely in the name of the woman. The houses may also be alloted to men’.
• Ensuring gender sensi ve provisions within the scheme through convergence: Sanitary latrine and smoke-
less chulah are mandated to be constructed along with each house for which addi onal financial assistance
is provided from the Total Sanita on Campaign and Rajiv Gandhi Grameen VidyuƟkaran Yojana. These pro-
visions are meant to address the prac cal gender needs.
The category-wise list of beneficiaries for the three financial years is presented in table 3.
Table 3: Category-wise beneficiaries of the scheme and percentage break up

S. Category Mukhya Mantri BPL Awaas Yojana - House Sanc oned
No.
2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 (up to July, 13)
1 Men 64176 23.24% 53005 26.43% 20656 25.33%
2 Women Married 168161 61.04% 116324 58.01% 48590 59.59%
3 Women- Unmarried 446 0.16% 219 0.11% 64 0.08
4 Women- Widow 8415 3.05% 7845 3.91% 2102 2.58
5. Women-War widow 117 0.04% 133 0.07 20 0.02
6. Husband- Wife 33394 12.12% 22176 11.06% 9882 12.12
7. Single Women (age>35) 806 0.29% 808 0.40% 219 0.27
Total 275515 100 200510 100 81533 100
Source: IAY Rajasthan website (iay.nic.in)
IDENTIFYING GAPS
• The beneficiary data reflects that all categories of beneficiaries have accessed the scheme.
• While the scheme has met its physical targets, the construc on of all sanc oned houses has not yet been
completed. This remains a major gap.
• Another important provision—that of building toilets—remains a weak link. The number of sanc oned
toilets to be constructed with the houses under the scheme has been found to be less than the total sanc-
oned houses.
• Review of the different categories of beneficiaries suggests that about one-fourth of the total houses are
allo ed in the name of men. This is quite high considering that the guideline has categorically underlined
that the houses are to be sec oned in the name of the female member of the family or jointly in the name
of the husband and wife.
• Of the total number of houses sanc oned, about 10-12 per cent have been sanc oned jointly to husband
and wife. The rest of the houses—about 50-55 per cent—are allo ed in the name of women members of
the beneficiary family. This is a posi ve trend.
• Among the total beneficiaries, the percentage of widows and single women is low. From 2011-12 to 2013-
14, they comprised less than 4 per cent of the total beneficiaries.
• As per the 2001 Census, widowed women are more than 5 per cent of the total women popula on in Raj-
asthan. This indicates a huge implementa on gap between the need and the numbers benefited.

TYPE II STATES
GBS NOT PRODUCED
3. Andhra Pradesh
In Andhra Pradesh, an attempt was made to review financial data from 36 departments. It was observed
that only 10 departments have consistently made allocations towards 100 per cent women-specific
schemes. These include departments of planning; school education; higher education; health and family
welfare; municipal administration; women, children, disabled and senior citizens; civil supplies; social
welfare; minorities welfare; and rural development. The scope of analysis was restricted only to 100 per
cent women specific schemes within these 10 departments with the idea of capturing the women specific
expenditure (WSE) per department72.
Schemes promoting women’s welfare, healthcare, nutritional development, empowerment and protection
were selected. A general scan of the state budget for all the years under review, with 2009-10 as the base
year, reflects that rural development receives the maximum allocation under WSE. Second is the women,
children, disabled and senior citizens department. Post 2009-10, a substantial surge in the allocations on
women-related expenditure is visible. In 2010-11 the expenditure was two times that of 2009-10. The total
amount spent in these 10 departments on WSE was Rs.1576.01 crore for the period 2011-12. This was the
highest for the period under review (see: Annexure 5).
To deepen the analysis, 38 schemes were examined and analysed from a practical and strategic gender
needs perspective73. The objective was to assess the transformatory potential (if any) of the various inter-
ventions. For this, the schemes were categorised into four clusters—education, health, economic develop-
ment and protection and rehabilitation on the basis of their potential impact on women’s social position
(see: Figure 5 and Annexure 6)
Figure 5: Trends in expenditure prac cal vs strategic for WSE (in Rs.Crore)
1807.3
2000
1576.01
1800
1482.18
Total P&S
1600
Total - P
Total - S
1147.17
1400
1118.3
1200
913.98
883.78
1000
742.23
713.13
660.13
800
528.2
469.48
405.17
600
335.4
400
113.08
200
38
25
18
0
S/P 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
ACTS ACTS ACTS RE BE
72 Within these schemes budgetary alloca ons for women from the State’s budget in the detail demands of grants by the
various departments was selected. The Off-budget alloca ons as allo ed to the various socie es have not been enumer-
ated. Those central sponsored schemes which have been included by the state government in the budget books have been
included in this review.
73 Prac cal gender needs are needs that, once met, enable women and men to maintain their exis ng posi ons in society.
Strategic gender needs, on the other hand, once met, transform these posi ons and subsequently alter power rela ons
between women and men.

Of the 38 schemes reviewed, it was observed that:
• Ten schemes were related to education. Of these only one scheme74 catered towards fulfilling
women’s strategic needs. The total quantum under education for 2013-14 is at Rs. 613.94 crore.
• There were seven health related schemes with total allocations of Rs. 82.49 crore as per the budget
estimate of 2013-14. All these schemes catered towards fulfilling reproductive needs of women. No
strategic intervention was observed.
• Thirteen schemes with a total outlay Rs. 1103.85 crore as per the budget estimate of 2013-14 were
reflected under economic empowerment.
• Only seven schemes with a meagre outlay of Rs. 7.03 crore, as per the budget estimate of 2013-14,
were reflected under protection and rehabilitation.
• Not even a single scheme could be categorised under the cluster of political participation or leader-
ship development of women. It is apparent that the focus is more towards fulfilling the practical
needs of women and those focusing on women’s strategic interests are few and far between. The
quantum of funds flowing to schemes categorised under practical gender needs and strategic gen-
der interests for the year 2013-14 is approximately 2:1 (see figure 5).
Box 5: Loca ng expenditure priori es for SC women in the Schedule Caste Sub Plan75 (SCSP)
Andhra Pradesh
(An Intersec onal76 Perspec ve)
The Scheduled Caste Sub Plan, which lists schemes meant exclusively for dalits, has a few schemes that focus
on dalit women as 100 per cent beneficiaries. The SCSP 2009-10 to 2013-14 was examined to assess the priority
given to women who face mul ple burdens and several levels of exclusion. Women-specific expenditure was ex-
amined to assess the priority as well as propor on assigned towards women related schemes and programmes.
It was observed that there were eight women specific schemes under the umbrella of the SCSP to the tune of Rs.
400 crore (budget es mate of 2013-14). These schemes include assistance to Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidhaya-
laya (KGBV), women welfare centres, Girl Child Protec on Scheme, Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of
Adolescent Girls (SABLA), Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY)77, Interest Free Loans to Development
Of Women And Children In Rural Areas (DWACRA), Women (Vaddileni Runalu) and Streenidhi Insurance or Pen-
sion Scheme to DWACRA Women. It is important to point out that this is not the total quantum of resources
benefi ng dalit women, but just a list of schemes meant “exclusively” for women within the SCP.
Trend in the growth of WSE in the SCSP is presented in figure 5. The WSE as propor on to the total outlay under
the SCSP indicates a skewed ra o. The SCSP outlay has seen a steady growth since the base period from Rs.
5609 crore in 2009-10 (actual expenditure figures) to Rs. 9845 crore in 2013-14 (BE). The propor on of WSE
as compared to the total SCSP reflects fluctua ng growth star ng at 1.7 per cent (2009-10) to 4.06 per cent in
2013-14. This indicates an underes ma on of commi ed investments required towards mi ga ng the mul ple
disadvantages faced by SC women and girls.
74 Interest Subsidy to the children of Indira Kranthi Patham (IKP) women for seeking Higher Studies in Foreign Countries
75 The strategy of Scheduled Caste Sub Plan envisages to channelize the flow of outlays and benefits from all the sectors of
development in the Annual Plans of States/UTs and Central Ministries at least in propor on to their popula on both in
physical and financial terms.
76 Here marginalised refer to SC women and their heightened vulnerabili es
77 Central Government Ministries are required in the case of the Special Component Plan for Scheduled Castes, to iden fy
schemes under each sector which are of direct relevance to the development of Scheduled Castes and to earmark funds
for them out of the divisible pool of the Ministry’s Plans keeping in view the Scheduled Caste popula on in the target
groups.

Figure 6: Propor on of Women Specific Programmes in Scheduled Caste Sub Plan 2009-10 to
2013-14 (In Rs. Crore)
12,000.00
9,844.54
10,000.00
7,513.02
7,233.35
8,000.00
6,132.55
5,609.30
6,000.00
4,000.00
(4.06%)
2,000.00
(4.74%)
399.53
(4.79%)
342.73
298.93
(2.98%)
(1.70%)
224.2
95.24
0.00
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012 - 13 2013 - 14
ACCT ACCT ACCT RE BE
SCP ALLOTED EXPENDITURE & ALLOTMENT ON WOMEN
Source : AP Government Budget Books
4. Gujarat
As mentioned in the previous section, Gujarat still follows the Woman’s Component Plan (WCP) method.
The outlay under the WCP is not collated from all the departments, but is limited to the major heads, sub
heads or schemes of a few select departments78. As per the WCP norms, 30 per cent of the total plan outlay
or budget of the departments is required to be earmarked for women specific or pro-women schemes.
Figure 7: Propor on of WC vs. Plan Budget of the State 2009-10 to 2012-13 (In Rs. Crore)
60000
51000
50000
38000
34659.8
30097.05
40000
30000
23161.46
23500
30000
20000
1526.0968
1670.647
1515.941
1271.021
1112.824
904.4102
2.99%
1383.03
4.37%
10000
4.22%
4.4%
3.85%
4.61%
4.8%
0
PLAN PLAN PLAN PLAN PLAN PLAN PLAN
2009-10 2009-10 2010-11 2010-11AE 2011-12 2011-12 2012-13
BE AE BE BE RE BE
WCP Plan Budget of the State
78 These include: Social Development department, Department of Social Jus ce and Empowerment , Women and Child
Development Department, Educa on department, Department of Environment and Forest, Panchayats, Rural Housing
& Rural Development Department, Employment , Labour Department and departments like, Narmada Water Resources,
Water Supply and Kalpsar Department for water supply and irriga on, and Agriculture and Co-opera on department.

For the purpose of review, 13 departments79 with 100 per cent women-specific expenditure were chosen
for a detailed analysis of the WCP in each of the department. Detailed department-wise allocations to-
wards WCP were also examined. This is explained under key trends.
STATE POLICY FOR WOMEN AND BUDGETARY PRIORITIES
As a second level of analysis, the WCP of these select departments was also examined across the eight
core areas identified by the state women’s policy. The Gujarat government announced the state policy for
gender equity, Nari Gaurav Niti, in 2006. The guiding philosophy of the policy is that women and men
have equal rights and opportunities to contribute to the wellbeing of a society. The policy adopts a mul-
tipronged approach to empowering women and includes gender planning, gender sensitisation, gender
mainstreaming, and gender analysis, audit and gender convergence.
Figure 8: Propor on of gender budget vis a vis state women’s
9.9594
Economic Environment (62%)
160.9319
Governance and Decision Making (0%)
Health and Quality of Life (26%)
Violence (1%)
Natural Resource Management (0%)
401.8492 Educaon (11%)

946.6706
Legal Environment (0%)
Advocacy and Capacity Building (0%)
The policy also outlines detailed action plans in the crosscutting areas to achieve inter-sectoral conver-
gence, a factor critical to the attainment of gender equality commitments. The policy identifies eight core
areas that require focused attention. These include: economic environment; governance and decision
making; health and quality of life; violence; natural resource management; education; legal environment;
and advocacy and capacity building. The women-specific schemes across the select departments were di-
vided into these eight focus areas and the outlays identified. Figure 8 presents the distribution of women-
specific expenditure across the focus areas.
KEY TRENDS
• The trends in WCP proportion as compared to the total plan budget of the state for 2009-10 to
2012-13 is reflected in the figure 7. The proportion is 3.8 per cent of budget estimate of plan for the
base year. This proportion increases marginally and hovers below 5 per cent for all reference years.
The year 2012-13 witnessed a dip and reflects a WCP of 2.9 per cent as compared to the total plan
outlay, as per the budget estimate figures.
• The flow to WCP from plan budget estimates between 2009-10 and 2012-13 seems to have grown
substantially in absolute numbers. However, in terms of percentage increase as proportion of the
79 Educa on Department, Health & Family Welfare Department, Women & Child Development Department, Social Jus ce
and Empowerment Dept. (Schedule Caste Special Component) ( Part II), Social Jus ce and Empowerment Dept.(TASP- Trib-
al Area Sub Plan)-Demand-96- Part IV, Social Jus ce and Empowerment Dept.TASP-Demand-93 (Part III), Social Jus ce and
Empowerment Dept.(Social Welfare Part I), Labour and Employment Department, Agriculture and Co–opera on Depart-
ment, Panchayat , Rural Housing and Rural Development Dept, Forest and Environment Department, Legal Department,
Urban Development and Urban Housing Department

total plan outlay, it has actually decreased from 3.85 per cent in 2009-10 to 2.99 per cent in 2012-
13.
• The WCP for the annual plan 2012-13 is Rs. 2520 crore. This constitutes 30.90 per cent of the total
outlay of those departments that reflect in the WCP, of Rs. 5157 crore for the same reference year.
(See Annexure 7.)
• In the course of the research, it was observed that notional outlays were also shown under the
WCP. For example a significant amount, almost 38 per cent, is reflected under irrigation and flood
control, major irrigation, command area development and flood control schemes. The rationale
behind these figures is not clear. (See annexure 7)
• On the other hand several departments that have specific provisions for women find no mention
in the WCP. For example, the Department of Sports, Youth and Cultural Activities has financial
provisions for women sports persons such as providing stipend, separate hostel, coaching and
other financial support; Department of Industry and Mines has financial outlays from salt cess for
providing welfare and health care for ‘Agariya’ (salt pan) workers (men and women); Labour and
Employment department runs separate ITI (Industrial Training Institute) for girls etc.
• A department-wise analysis brings to the fore the following:

 The Department of Panchayat, Rural Housing and Rural Development comprises 38.56 per
cent as women component80 of the total plan outlay for the department. This is the highest
across departments. The inflated figures are due to the high unit cost of the housing scheme
implemented by the department.
 The Legal Department contributed towards 3.91 per cent of the women component. The
department provides services such as family courts for women. Schemes or budgetary provi-
sions for implementation of various acts meant for women such as domestic violence act or
extension services as free legal aid etc. are missing.
 For Urban Development and Urban Housing Department it is 0.35 per cent. The women
component under this department is allocated for provision of economic development ben-
efits to the members of SHGs in the urban areas. There is only one scheme under this de-
partment and this signals an under prioritisation of women’s issues and concerns within the
urban context.
To assess investment priorities, the WCP was examined using the state policy for women as the frame-
work of analysis (see: Figure 8).
• The primary focus seems to be on economic empowerment. Schemes on economic empowerment

constitute almost 62 per cent of the total WCP (2012-13).
• Despite progressive measures to ensure women’s political participation, there is not even one
scheme that reflects expenditure under this category. Allocations under natural resource manage-
ment and advocacy are also not reflected.
• 26 per cent of the WCP is dedicated to schemes addressing issues of health and quality of life.
• Education constitutes 11 per cent of the total WCP.
• The proportion of the WCP dedicated to addressing violence against women is only 1 per cent.
This is grossly inadequate and requires greater attention with enhanced financial investments. An-
other worrying trend pertains to the domain of legal rights of women, with less than 1 per cent
budgets flowing to addressing concerns of law and legal rights of women.
80 Calculated from the WCP

5. Jharkhand
In 2010-11, there were 52 demands for grants in Jharkhand, which increased to 60 in 2011-12 by divid-
ing several large demands. For the purpose of the study, only eight demands for grants81 that allocate re-
sources towards 100 per cent women-specific schemes were selected and trends analysed for six financial
years (from 2007-08 to 2013-14).
The demand for grants selected82 for review was clubbed under six heads: nutrition, protection, empow-
erment, education, reproductive and child health, and others. The schemes and corresponding budget
estimates for all reference years across the six categories is at Annexure 8. Allocations for women specific
schemes under plan, non-plan, centrally sponsored schemes and centrally planned schemes were in-
cluded. The review focused only on budget estimation figures across all financial years. See Figure 9 for
the budgetary trends under each category across the six financial years.
Figure 9: Total Alloca on to Women Specific Programmes
701.11
601.00
501.00
401.00
301.00
201.00
101.00
1.00
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
Nutrion Protecon Empowerment Educaon RCH com for Women Others

• It is observed that women-specific allocations under education and nutrition have witnessed a
steep rise since 2011-12.
• Education and nutrition got the highest share of the total WSE under the specified categories.
But this is primarily on account of the large number of centrally sponsored and centrally planned
schemes on nutrition and education.
• Allocations towards protection and empowerment schemes are very low despite their significance
in the context of Jharkhand.
• Allocations towards health schemes are also very low. Keeping in mind high maternal mortality
rate and infant mortality rate this is grossly inadequate to respond to the special health needs of
women in the state. In 2010-11, the maternal mortality rate was 26783. The state’s target is to bring
it down to less than 100 by 2015. Similarly, institutional delivery has gone up to 46 per cent. Infant
mortality rate, which was 62 in the year 2001, has been reduced to 3884 and child immunisation
has been improved to 63.7 per cent. Only focused allocations will help improve the statistics on
maternal and infant mortality rates.
81 The study is based on the analysis of demand for grants and not a study of department wise alloca ons as the budget
documents do not present informa on department wise but demand wise.
82 Demand Number 20 – Health and Family Welfare, Demand Number 21 – Higher Educa on, Demand Number 26 – Labour
and Employment, Demand Number 30 – Minori es Welfare, Demand Number 51 - Social Welfare, Demand Number 58
– Secondary Educa on, Demand Number 59 – Primary and Public Educa on and Demand Number 60 – Social Welfare,
Women and Child Development.
83 Annual Family Health Survey 2010-11
84 AFHS 2010-11

• The focus of health schemes for women is only on reproductive and child health. Although this is
a priority area, limiting women’s health needs only to this is severely debilitating.
• The category ‘others’ include allocations under Bitiya Varsh, Mukhyamantri Kanyadan Yojana,
State Women’s Commission, grant in aid for inter caste marriage, social welfare schemes and Indira
Gandhi Matritva Sahayog Yojana, state resource centre etc. As seen in Figure 9, allocations peaked
around 2012-13, but there was a considerable decline in 2013-14.
6. Odisha
In Odisha, the expenditure review focused on WSE85 from 10 departments86. The timeframe for analysis
was 2007-08 to 2013-14. It is observed that the total magnitude of WSE in the state budget has increased
substantially. In 2007-08 the WSE was Rs. 254.2 crore, which increased to Rs 967 crore in 2013-14. Within
the WSE, the plan component was more than the non-plan, except in 2007-08 (see: Annexure 9)
Figure 10: Share of (SP, CP and CSP) within the plan in WSE in the State Budget
(In percentage)
120
98
90
100
88
86
85
69
80
51
60
46
40
24
10
20 7
7
7
7
5
5
5
5
3
2
0
0
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
RE BE
SP CP CSP
KEY TRENDS
• A review of the budget estimates, revised estimates and actual expenditure of women-specific ex-
penditure indicates that the trends of budgetary allocation are uneven through the study years. The
difference in budget estimates and actual expenditure suggests that the amount allocated was not
utilised fully across the years except in the year 2010-11.
• The difference between revised estimates and actual expenditure was Rs 18.68 crore in 2007-08; Rs
55.86 crore in 2008-09; Rs 95.88 crore in 2009-10; Rs 100 crore in 2011-12. In 2010-11 the actual
expenditure exceeded the revised estimate by Rs 100 crore.
• If we compare the share of state plan, central plan and centrally sponsored plan for women-specific
expenditure, the share of state plan is more than the central and centrally sponsored plans across
the years. The central share has increased to 46 per cent in the financial year 2008-09 (see: Figure
10). Overall, the state plan component has been steadily increasing and it was highest—98 per
cent—in 2010-11. The total magnitude of the WSE as a percentage of the total state budget of Odi-
sha, was less than 2 per cent throughout the study years (see: Figure 11).
85 Women specific expenditure (WSE) is related to those programmes of the state government where the total alloca on is
earmarked only for women beneficiaries.
86 The department of Health & Family Welfare, Higher Educa on, Industries, Law, Rural Development, ST & SC Development,
Minority and Backward classes, School and Mass Educa on, Sports and Youth Development, Tex le & Handloom Depart-
ment and Women & Child Development .

Figure 11: WSE as share of State Budget (in %)
1.67
1.80
1.6
1.47
1.62
1.41
1.44
1.2
1.11
1.26
1.08
0.90
0.57
0.72
0.54
0.36
0.18
0.00
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

• Of all departments, only 10 departments reflected WSE. It was seen that out of the total WSE in the
state, the Women and Child Development department, at an average of around 54 per cent, held
the largest share across the years.
• The ST and SC Development, Minority and Backward Classes and the School and Mass Education
departments have more allocation for women-specific programme as compared to other depart-
ments. The total budget earmarked for women-specific programmes in 2013-14 was Rs 967 crore,
out of which ST and SC development, Minority and Backward Classes department comprised 29
per cent (Rs 284 crore), followed by School and Mass Education department, which contributed 13
per cent (Rs 129 crore).
• WSE of the Health and Family Welfare department was Rs 11.40 crore (1.18 per cent). Other de-
partments such as Higher Education had a WSE of Rs 0.14 crore (0.01 per cent), Rural Develop-
ment Rs 1.42 crore (0.15 per cent), Sports and Youth development Rs 48 lakh (0.05 per cent).
• Department of Law and Industries did not have any WSE in 2013-14. The share of WSE in the De-
partment of Industries was 1 per cent of the department’s total budget in 2011-12. This was booked
against only one type of expenditure related to women’s polytechnic. This scheme was, however,
discontinued after 2011-12.
• WSE in the Sport and Youth Development department was minimal. The expenditure was on toi-
letry expenses for girls in the sports hostel, which was the state’s contribution.
• Surprisingly the WSE under the Law department was booked only under one scheme-Talaki pen-
sion to divorced Muslim women, which is a non-plan activity of the state.
• ST and SC Development, Minority and Backward Classes’ Welfare department emphasised on

overall development of the SCs and STs through a host of specially designed schemes and pro-
grammes. The total budgetary provision for WSE as a proportion of the total departmental budget
was 9 per cent, 6 per cent, 10 per cent, 27 per cent, 20 per cent, 11 per cent and 14 per cent for the
seven consecutive years from 2007-08 to 2013-14.
• Though the budget for WSE showed an increase in the ST and SC Development, Minority and
Backward Classes’ Welfare department, it fluctuated as a proportion of department budget through
the years. The percentage of actual expenditure towards WSE was highest during 2010-11—27 per
cent—attributed largely to high unit costs related to provision of girls hostel.

Box 6: Women Component Planning in Odisha: An Overview
It has been a decade since Odisha adopted women’s component plan (WCP). WCP requires that at least 33 per
cent of the funds flow to women in the plan budget—across sectors. It is observed that seven sectors clearly
iden fy and reflect flow of funds to the WCP. These sectors include agriculture and allied ac vi es, rural de-
velopment, industry and minerals, social services and special area programme, general services, science and
technology and environment. The overall WCP was 33.3 per cent for the year 2012-13. However, there was
wide varia on in terms of quantum of alloca ons across each of the seven sectors.
The flow to the women component was 18 per cent in agriculture and allied ac vi es as well as industry and
minerals sector; it was only 37 per cent in the social service sector. For the Twel h Five Year Plan (2012-17),
the WCP increased to 40.4 per cent. The highest increase in the women component was seen in the social
service sector, wherein the quantum increased to 45.2 per cent for the period 2012-17. In absolute terms, allo-
ca ons towards women component for the Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12) and Twel h Five Year Plan, saw
a 4.5 mes increase from Rs 2899.27 crore to Rs 13,210.04 crore. This is a posi ve development and should
be closely monitored.
LIMITATIONS:
The above trends and figures portray a posi ve picture. However, several limita ons remain:
• Under each of the seven sectors, the informa on regarding departments and schemes covered and the
physical and financial achievements is not clearly established.
• WCP alloca ons are broadly at the aggregate level and financial and physical linkages are not available at
scheme or interven on level.
• There is a lack of monitoring of expenditure under WCP. One of the major hindrances in this direc on is
the absence of sex-disaggregated data in beneficiary coverage. Another barrier in monitoring WCP is that
overall the alloca on may or may not have a divisible component with regard to women and therefore it
is difficult to cull out the exact alloca ons.
• In the absence of a clear-cut methodology to appor on expenditure for non-divisible or composite
schemes, the process of reflec ng figures under WCP remains more or less arbitrary.
The WCP remains largely ineffec ve in the absence of tangible indicators regarding beneficiaries covered,
kinds of benefits received and the results achieved.

3 Assessing
Implementation
The preceding chapter focused on assessing gender equality

investment priorities across sectors in the sample states. It also
made an effort to study and analyse the emerging trends with
respect to such investments. Such quantitative analysis pro-
vides valuable insights into budgetary commitments for pro-
moting gender equality and women’s empowerment measures,
thereby throwing light on areas that are under-resourced or
under-prioritised.
It is equally important to assess the quality of implementation

of the services financed under such investments. The focus of
this chapter is on analysing the quality of investments on gen-
der equality and women’s empowerment measures through
select examples.
It builds on beneficiary assessments conducted in three of the

six sample states, pertaining to health, sanitation and educa-
tion. A case study method is employed (see: Box 6).
The case studies focus on the implementation aspects of select

schemes and highlight concerns related to conditionalities,
cumbersome administrative processes, delays in disbursements
of benefits etc. that impede the successful implementation of
well-meaning interventions by creating barriers and limiting
access to services. The quality of services is further assessed
by reviewing unit costs, disbursement schedules, adequacy of
infrastructure and human resources.
| 35
Box 6: Details of Case Studies
Loca on Sector and Scheme Type of Scheme Methodology and Tools
Village Nuagaon of Health 100% Women Case Study Methodology
Boipariguda block, MAMATA, the Orissa Specific Focused Group Discussion with Beneficia-
Koraput district, Maternity Support ries using semi structured ques onnaire
Odisha Scheme
Ipperu village of Sanita on (Infrastruc- Sanita on Infra- Case Study Methodology
Kuderu mandal in ture) structure related In-depth Interview (IDI) with a select Ben-
Anantapur district, Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan scheme eficiary (Ms. Peddakka) using open ended
Andhra Pradesh ques onnaire
Two villages -Ram- Educa on Composite Scheme Case Study Methodology Focused Group
giri and Kundu- Pre metric Scholar- with well-defined Discussion (FGD) with beneficiaries (both
lubeda, Koraput ship in tribal schools cost norms and girls and boys) using semi structured
district, Odisha. (nonresiden al and provisions for Girl ques onnaire
residen al) Beneficiaries
CASE STUDY I
MAMATA: Maternity Support Scheme, Odisha

Despite certain improvements, maternal mortality rate87 and infant mortality rate in Odisha remain way
above the national average of 212 (see: Table 4). With the objective to improve reproductive healthcare
outcomes, the Odisha government introduced a maternity support scheme named MAMATA. This state
plan scheme was rolled out in September 2011 in all districts of Odisha.
MAMATA88 is implemented by the women and child development department. The scheme aims to im-
prove the health and nutritional status of pregnant and nursing women as well as of infants.
Table 4
Recent Status Target for 12th Plan
IMR MMR Anemia IMR MMR Anemia
All India 44 212 55.3 25 100 28
Orissa 57 258 61.2 33 117 31
It is a conditional cash transfer scheme with a built in provision of Rs. 500089 to be disbursed to pregnant
and nursing women who are over 19 years old, in four installments over a year90. The conditionality of
cash transfers is meant to ensure the utilisation of maternal and infant health services. (See box 7 for
objectives of MAMATA.)
87 Maternal Mortality Ra o (MMR) which measures number of women of reproduc ve age (15–49 years) dying due to ma-
ternal causes per 1,00,000 live births, is a sensi ve indicator of the quality of the health care system.
88 Over and above this state sponsored scheme, Orissa is also implemen ng a Condi onal Maternity Benefit Scheme, Indira
Gandhi Matritava Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) in 2 districts in the state. Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) scheme is also implement-
ed by Health and Family Welfare department, which provides cash incen ves Rs. 1400/- to community-level health work-
ers and pregnant women when the woman delivers in an ins tu on (government or accredited private health facility).
89 Total Amount to be paid to a Mother : Rs.5000/- in 4 instalments
i. 1500/- (At the end of 2nd Trimester of pregnancy i.e. comple on of 6 months of pregnancy
ii. 1500/- (Given a er comple on of 3 months a er delivery )
iii. 1000/- (Given a er the infants completes 6 months of age)
iv. 1000/- (Given a er the infants completes 9 months of age)
90 Ending when the infant is 9-12 months old, on comple on of measles vaccina on.

Box 7: Objec ves of MAMATA
• Provide par al wage compensa on for pregnant and nursing mothers so that they are able to rest adequately
during their pregnancy and a er delivery.
• Increase u lisa on of maternal and child health services, especially ante-natal care, post-natal care and
immunisa on
• Improve mother and child care prac ces, especially exclusive breas eeding and complementary feeding of
infants
Source Women and Child Development Department
An important criterion for deciding eligibility pertains to the number of children a woman has. Wom-
en with more than two children are not eligible for benefits under this scheme. The cash transfers are
made electronically from the child development protection officer to the beneficiary’s account. No cash
or cheque disbursements are made and the responsibility for opening a bank account lies with the ben-
eficiary.
A beneficiary assessment was carried out to evaluate the quality of services under the scheme. Focused
group discussion with select beneficiaries of the scheme was conducted. The objective was to understand
various scheme related issues: payment norms, design of scheme including the prescribed eligibility crite-
ria, beneficiary experiences related to the services delivered etc. The focused group discussion was carried
out in an Anganwadi centre in Nuagaon village, Boipariguda block, in Odisha’s Koraput district. Women
beneficiaries who were covered under the scheme during August 2011 to June 2013 participated in the
discussions. The group included nine women—seven general category women and two women belonging
to the Scheduled Tribes. The age group of the respondents ranged from 21 to 27. Participants had availed
of the benefits for the second child and rest three for the first-borns. The main observations regarding the
scheme are outlined below.
1. The eligibility criterion prescribes that the scheme can be availed only for the first two live births.
This excludes a number of women who are pregnant with their third. Several women approach the
anganwadi centres to register under the scheme only to be turned away. This clause is perceived to
be problematic and may undermine the overall performance.
2. Several pregnant women do not register under the scheme since HIV counseling leading to a test
is mandatory under the scheme91. These tests are conducted at the Ramgiri primary health centre,
which is at a significant distance from the village. The women are either disinterested in taking the
test or their families are not willing to pay the bus fare to go to the health centre for the test.
3. Traditional norms and practices is another deterrent, as several women opt for home delivery in-
stead of institutional delivery.
4. The anganwadi workers assist the beneficiaries to open a bank account as this is a pre requisite to
enable e-transfers. The beneficiaries are required to produce and submit relevant documents such
as identity proof, address proof and photograph to the bank. This is perceived as complicated and
time consuming. It causes problems especially for unlettered women. Delay in opening the ac-
count also means delay in receiving the monetary installments.
5. All beneficiaries present said that cash was withdrawn from the banks in the presence of their
husbands and was handed over to them. With regard to spending patterns within the group, it was
observed that given a choice, women spent the money on new clothes or to celebrate the new born.
6. Respondents also shared that they joined work within a month of delivery.
It is evident from the case study that the scheme has not been able to achieve its two most important
objectives. One, to provide partial wage compensation for pregnant and nursing mothers so that they are
able to rest adequately during their pregnancy and after delivery and two, increase utilisation of maternal
and child health services, especially ante-natal care, postnatal care and immunisation. Respondents also
91 All those who are covered under Mamata scheme are registered for JSY and ASHA have to counsel the pregnant women
and their husbands for HIV/ AIDS test.
Assessing Implementa on | 37
mentioned that traditional practices and HIV testing acted as a deterrent. There was a lack of under-
standing among the beneficiaries, as well as their families, about the significance of the benefits under
the scheme. The spending patterns of the cash received among the beneficiaries clearly substantiate this.
Box 8: Reproduc ve Health Services and Rural Health Infrastructure in Tribal Areas
(Case of Gujarat)
Poor infrastructure and inadequate human resources affect the delivery of services and undermine programme
effec veness. These problems are endemic to spa ally disadvantaged areas. A case in point is the status of
reproduc ve health services in the tribal belts of Gujarat. According to NRHM (Na onal Rural Health Mission),
‘Rural Health Sta s cs’ Report, 2012, there is a shor all of 70 obstetricians and gynaecologists at the community
health centres in tribal areas. The absence of qualified doctors adversely impacts the quality of services provided
under reproduc ve healthcare schemes. This shortage affects not only the health of the mother and infant but
also impacts on the household economy as pregnant women go to private doctors and nursing homes that
charge exorbitant fees. Moreover, as private health centres are available only in urban areas it further increases
out-of-pocket expenditure in terms of travel and boarding expenses as also loss of daily wages, in case the
women are employed as daily wage labour. The frequent travels to far-flung urban centres to seek medical care
also add to other complica ons related to pregnancy.
Figure 12: Gujarat Rural Health Infrastructure in Tribal Areas (As on March 2012)
30
Nursing Staff at PHCs & CHCs 848
70
Peadiatricians at CHCs Centers
70 Shortfall
Physicians at CHC 70 Required

70
Obstetricians and Gynecologists at CHCs 70

70
Surgeon at CHCs 70
70
Doctors at PHCs 112
358
160
Health Assistants [Female] / LHV at PHCs
358
Health Worker [F] /ANM at Sub Centre 2209

Health Asst Female /LHV at PHC 160
358
CHCs 23
93
PHCs 17
375
Sub Centers 291
2500
Source: NRHM (NaƟonal Rural Health Mission), 2012’ Rural Health StaƟsƟcs’ Report
The rural health sta s cs report, 2012 reflects the status of health infrastructure in the tribal areas in Gujarat. It
reveals huge gaps in terms of physical infrastructure such as community health centres, primary health centres,
sub centres etc. as well as human resources — doctors, nursing staff and health assistants. There is a shortage of
291 sub centres, the first point of contact for the rural populace. There is a consistent shortage in each segment
of health infrastructure, which severely cripples accessibility and availability of some form of healthcare in the
tribal dominated areas.
This deficiency in health infrastructure manifests in poor health indicators among tribal women and children
across all parameters—anaemia, maternal mortality rate, infant mortality rate, under-five mortality, low body
mass index etc. as compared to general popula on in the state. Figure 13 reflects huge gaps in under five mortal-
ity rates across social groups and the percentage of women with a body mass index less than 18.5.
The figure is indica ve of the performance of health services for these secluded groups. The situa on of the
tribal people in Gujarat is worse than at the na onal level, and also worse than other social groups within the

state. This is primarily due to the fact that they are concentrated in rural areas, where the public health facili-
es are not as good as those available in urban areas. A similar trend is observed for underweight children. This
suggests that even if Gujarat is performing be er than the country vis-à-vis the health indicators, marginalised
groups of the state, par cularly the Scheduled Tribes, remain deprived of basic health facili es92.
Figure 13: Gujarat Health Indicators across social groups, 2005
140
115.8
120
86.6
100
80
60.9
61
60
42.2
36.3
40
20
0
ALL SC ST
% of women with BMI<18.5, 2005-06

Under 5 Mortality Rate
Source : NFHS 3
CASE STUDY II
Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan: Andhra Pradesh

The Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India, in its endeavour to provide impe-
tus to the total sanitation campaign, launched the Nirmal Gram Puraskar (NGP). The NGP, an incentive
based award, recognises the achievements and efforts made by a gram panchayats in ensuring full sanita-
tion coverage.
Box 9: Nirman Bharat Abhiyan: Objec ves
a. Bring about an improvement in the general quality of life in the rural areas.
b. Accelerate sanita on coverage in rural areas to achieve the vision of Nirmal Bharat by 2022 with all gram
panchayats in the country a aining Nirmal status.
c. Mo vate communi es and panchaya raj ins tu ons promo ng sustainable sanita on facili es through
awareness crea on and health educa on.
d. To cover the remaining schools not covered under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and Anganwadi centres in the
rural areas with proper sanita on facili es and undertake proac ve promo on of hygiene educa on and
sanitary habits among students.
e. Encourage cost effec ve and appropriate technologies for ecologically safe and sustainable sanita on.
f. Develop community managed environmental sanita on systems focusing on solid and liquid waste manage-
ment for overall cleanliness in the rural areas.
Source: hƩp://tsc.gov.in/TSC/NBA/AboutNBA.aspx
The award gained immense popularity and contributed effectively to bring about a movement in the com-
munity for attaining the nirmal status. It contributed significantly to the achievements of increased sani-
tation coverage in the rural areas of the country. This led to rechristening of the TSC as “Nirmal Bharat
Abhiyan” (NBA) on April 1, 2012. The primary objective of NBA is to accelerate the sanitation coverage
in rural areas so as to comprehensively cover the rural community through renewed strategies and satu-
92 India Human Development Report, 2011, Towards Social Inclusion. Ins tute of Applied Manpower Research, Planning
Commission Government of India
ration approach93. NBA envisages covering the entire community for saturated outcomes with a view to
create Nirmal Gram Panchayats with the following priorities:
• Provision of individual household latrine to below poverty line (BPL) and identified above poverty
line (APL) households within a gram panchayat (GP)
• Gram panchayats where all habitations have access to water to be taken up. Priority may be given
to GPs having functional piped water supply.
• Provisions of sanitation facilities in government schools and anganwadi in government buildings

within these GPs.
• Solid and liquid waste management for proposed and existing nirmal grams.
• Extensive capacity building of stakeholders such as the panchayati raj institutions (PRIs), village
water and sanitation committees and field functionaries for sustainable sanitation.
• Appropriate convergence with Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
(MGNREGS) with unskilled man-days and skilled man-days.
The NBA envisages a “demand driven approach” with an emphasis on awareness creation and demand
generation for sanitary facilities in houses, schools and for cleaner environment. Alternative delivery
mechanisms are also to be explored and adopted to meet the community needs.
Figure 14: Percentage of Households with no Toilet Facility, Andhra Pradesh, 2008-09
Source: NSS 65th Round
In the scheme, the provision of incentives for individual household latrine units to the poorest of the poor
households has been widened to cover other needy households with the objective to attain community
outcomes. In Andhra Pradesh, the total sanitation coverage is around 52.1 per cent. The percentage of
households with no toilet facility is much lower for Scheduled Caste at 60.1 per cent, and STs at 69.1 per
cent (see: Figure 14).
A beneficiary assessment was carried out in Ipperu village of Kuderu mandal in Anantapur district of
Andhra Pradesh. The aim was to assess the performance of the scheme and understand concerns related
to implementation. An in-depth interview was conducted with a beneficiary named Ms. Peddakka to
understand her experience with respect to availing benefits under the scheme.
Peddakka is a 45-year-old woman from Ipperu village. This area is drought prone and semi-arid. She lives
with her family of five, including her husband Lakshmanna. Her family and others in the Scheduled Caste
neighbourhood decided to access the individual household latrine unit under the new NBA scheme. They
93 h p://tsc.gov.in/TSC/NBA/AboutNBA.aspx

have had to submit applications to the Mandal Development Officer more than 20 times in the past five
years.
With the launch of NBA, she was happy that her family had become eligible for the higher incentive under
the revised provisions. She was informed that she would get Rs 9100 for the toilet—NBA would provide
her Rs 4600 and MGNREGS would contribute Rs 4,500. She would have to pay Rs 900, which is called
the beneficiary contribution. Prior to the NBA scheme, the government provided Rs 3700 only for the
construction of an individual household latrine. So the higher amount under NBA was a big relief for
her and the community94. Peddakka, along with other members, applied for the scheme. They were not
prepared for the long waits ahead.
First, they waited for the MGNREGS field assistant to provide markings for the toilet construction. They
lost two wage days waiting for the field assistant. After the two-day wait, the markings were done at the
site. Peddakka and her husband dug two pits for the toilet, which they accomplished in six days. The
scheme mandates the beneficiary to make all preliminary arrangements—digging the pit and purchasing
construction material to construct the toilet. She approached her self-help group for a loan to make the
purchase, but the loan was denied95. So she resorted to borrowing Rs 6000 from a farmer, at a much higher
rate of interest. She purchased five cement bags and bricks from the mandal headquarters, Kuderu. She
settled an initial advance of Rs 2500 towards the purchase and promised the owner to pay the remaining
amount once officials sanctioned the bills towards the toilet construction. She hired an auto rickshaw back
home to her village from Kuderu. The next day her husband went to Anantapur city96 and purchased six
cement rings for the pits. The basin and pipes were also sourced from Anantpur. These hardware items
were transported from the city to the village. This process took an entire day.
After the purchase was over, the next task was to look for a mason to complete the construction. Her
village has only three masons, who prefer to work in Anantapur where they earn better wages. She man-
aged to convince only one mason to undertake the job at an offer of Rs 500 as advance. Family members
assisted the mason. Since this is a drought prone area, collecting the required quantity of water for the
construction work posed a huge challenge. She and her family members carried water from as far as half
a kilometre. The team worked for three days to build the toilet. The curing97 process took another week
and Peddakka managed this work single handedly.
After the completion, they took a family picture with the toilet as the backdrop. This proof was submitted
to the technical assistant for further action and approvals. Only after submission of this proof, the bills
of the construction materials could be submitted. It took her husband Lakshmanna another two days to
run around the town collecting the bills. They were also informed that the money would be credited only
in their bank account. So, Pedakka’s husband opened the account in a bank with a minimum balance of
Rs 600.
Thereafter, all the bills and necessary documents were submitted for approvals and release of the grant.
After waiting 35 days, she realised that the money had still not arrived. This meant paying the monthly
interest over the loan that she had taken from the farmer. In lieu of the interest, she worked on the farmer’s
land free of cost. Now that meant forsaking her earnings to pay the interest towards the loan. A week later,
the sanctioned amount of Rs. 9100 was finally transferred into the account directly. The entire amount
was promptly withdrawn and payments made to all.
This case study brings to the fore several issues with respect to the difficulties faced by beneficiaries in
terms of wage loss, travel costs, increased incidence of informal loans and interest burden etc. The high
out-of-pocket personal expenditure is usually not factored within the scheme costing norms and imple-
mentation design. When the actual expenditure, as incurred by beneficiaries, and itemised cost norms
of the scheme are compared it is observed that the amount of Rs 9100 to construct the unit is way lower
94 The Village was sanc oned 175 toilets in 2013-14 under the NBA.
95 They refused to give her a loan because their rule was that her present loan was to be cleared before taking another one.
96 The district headquarters30 km from the Peddakas’ village
97 Curing is the process of controlling the rate and extent of moisture loss from concrete structures post construc on by
hydra ng it with generous quan ty of water. It has to be undertaken for a reasonable period of me if the concrete is to
achieve its poten al strength and durability
than the actual expenditure. The itemised break up of costs as per the scheme and the actual cost paid by
Peddakka is provided in Table 5. The total cost her family incurred, including wage loss, labour cost, travel
cost and loan interest, was Rs 14,850. This is way above the amount sanctioned for the toilet. Peddakka
said her contribution towards the entire process was almost Rs 5750, which according to her, was very
high for her family to bear. This amount is much higher than the stipulated Rs 900 beneficiary contribu-
tion under the scheme. Peddakka had not anticipated this expenditure. Such individual experiences may
demotivate others to access the scheme. Also, the onus of completing the task, as reflected in the case
study, falls squarely on women thus increasing their time poverty and unpaid work burden.
Table 5: Comparison between beneficiary costs and unit costs

Itemised costs as incurred by Peddaka’s family Es mated cost of IHHL under the scheme
Par culars Amount Par culars Amount
in Rs. in Rs.
Labour for digging of two leach pits 2120 E/W excava on in OG soils 272
Bricks -220 Nos(@ Rs. 12 * 220 bricks) 2640 CC(1:5:10) using 40mm HBG 605
Cement 5 Bags (@ Rs.310 * 5 bags) 1550 RR Masonry in CM (1:6) 1846
Transporta on to bring materials (Kuderu to 250 Brick masonry in CM (1:6) 2403
Ipperu)
1 Toilet Basin 600 Plastering in CM (1:4) 12mm 1379
6 Rings (@ Rs.170 * 6) 1020 Refilling with E/X earth 132
Leach pit caps 2 (@ Rs.250/- *2) 500 S/F of RCC 1000mm dia ring 1200
PVC Pipe 1 300 S/F of RCC 1000mm dia ring cover 400
Auto fare to bring Basin, Rings, Caps and Pipes 400 S/F of 100mm SWG pipe line 240
Labour for Mason (@Rs.350/- * 3 days ) 1050 RCC Jelly Ven tlor 0.6x0.3 mt 50
Labour for 4 members * 3 days 2100 S/F of Wc with P Trap 1762
Men - 2 (@Rs.200/- per day per member * 3days) Supplying of MS door of
Female-2 (Rs150/- per day per member * 3 days) 0.60X1.65mts
Supplying of AC sheet of size
1.05X1.50mts
Labour for (toilet) cement curing (@ Rs120* 7) 840
Travel to Anantapur and return for 2 days to sub- 520
mit the bills and sanc oned the amount purposes
( labour @Rs.200*2days and travel @Rs.60 * 2
days)
Bank Account Opening expenses 600
Travel for Account opening 60 Fixing Charges of W.C and’P’ trap, 200
M.S.Door and A.C.Sheet
Interest for Rs.6000/- ( for 30 days) 300 Unforeseen items if any 11
Total 14850 Total 1050098
98
CASE STUDY III
Pre-Matric Scholarship for SC and ST Students: Odisha

The literacy rate among SCs and STs is a matter of concern in Odisha. The wide gap in literacy rates within
different social categories compared to the state average is reflected in Figure 15. The state as well as the
Centre has introduced several measures to alleviate these gaps. One such intervention is pre-matric schol-
arships for SC and ST students. The aim of the scholarship is to provide financial support to the SC and ST
students whose parents’ annual income is less than Rs 2 lakh per annum. The funding for this is sourced
98 For hilly & difficult areas addi onal provision of Rs. 500/- from NBA funds is included in the above government es ma on.
Source: GO MS No: 250 Dt: 27.08.2013. But Anantapur district does not fall under Hill area.

from the SCs and STs Development department under the Odisha government, and the Ministry of Social
Justice and Empowerment, under the Centre. The District Welfare Officers consolidate the demand from
different blocks and submit the proposal to the SC and ST Development Department, after which the
funds are transferred to the Block Development Officer’s (BDO’s) account. The BDO then deposits the
fund in the respective school headmaster’s account. There are different categories of such scholarships and
the cost norms also vary accordingly:
Figure 15 : Literacy Rate, Odisha, 2007-08
Source NSS 64th Round
1. SCHOLARSHIP FOR DAY SCHOLARS

• The state provides scholarship for SC and ST students enrolled in class VI to VIII. The cost norms
for class VI and VII students is Rs 150 per boy and Rs 200 per girl per annum and the cost norm for
class VIII is Rs 200 per boy and Rs 250 per girl per annum. The scholarship for Class VI to VIII is
distributed by the head master of the school concerned. The amount is directly debited in the account
of the district welfare officer who withdraws the money at the block level and deposits it in the head
master’s account. The headmaster then distributes the money among the students.
• To address the high dropout rate among class IX and X students, the Centre launched another schol-
arship. Under this, a scholarship of Rs 2250 per student per annum is given to both boys and girls.
The scholarship money is deposited in the student’s account.
2. SCHOLARSHIP FOR RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS
The scholarship norms for residential schools (class I to X) are much higher. Scholarship for boys is
Rs. 6200 per student and for girls it is Rs. 6500 per student per annum. This amount includes dietary
expenses, TV/DTH charges, pocket money etc99. Both the state and the Centre contribute towards this
scholarship100. The state contribution to the scholarship is transferred to the headmaster’s account. The
headmaster withdraws the money to meet the operating expenses of running the residential establish-
ment. The amount for books and ad hoc grants from the Centre is transferred directly to the beneficiary’s
bank account through the national electronic fund transferee (NEFT) mechanism. The students receiving
money through direct transfers withdraw the amount and hand it over to the teachers for their mainte-
nance costs.
Our research team carried out a beneficiary assessment of the pre-matric scholarship for both residential
as well as non-residential categories. Focused group discussions were conducted with beneficiaries. The
observations are presented separately for both the categories.
FOCUSED GROUP DISCUSSION: NON RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS
Non-residential schools in villages Ramgiri and Kundulubeda in the Koraput district were chosen for the
99 The expenditure for 4 mes meal per day, DTH/TV and electricity, medicine all are booked under this money.
100 The Ministry of Social Jus ce and Empowerment provides Rs 3500/- per annum as PMS and Rs.1000/- as Books and Adhoc
Grant per annum to the hostellers of class I to class X. Odisha government (Department of SC & ST development) bears the
differen al cost of Rs. 1700/ for a boy and Rs. 2000/- for a girl per annum towards the PMS.
purpose. A field visit was undertaken to understand the functioning and management of the schools in
the tribal area. Spatially disadvantaged villages were chosen for the focused group discussion. Eight stu-
dents—three females and male students—from the two schools studying in class IX and X were chosen.
It was observed that both schools had serious infrastructure and human resource related concerns. The
school building had improved but there was no electricity connection in the school premises. Piped water
connection was unavailable. The only drinking water facility was a tube well in the school. This belt is a
malaria prone zone, yet there was no provision made for regular health checkup of students or staff mem-
bers. The schools were also understaffed as teachers were not paid adequate salaries.
With respect to payment of the scholarships, the respondents pointed out late payments as a regular
feature. A few students also mentioned that it could take between six months and a year to receive the
scholarship amount. Late payments affected the performance of the scheme, since the students were un-
able to expend on items such as study materials at the time of need. Another concern was related to the
low cost norms under the scheme. The students felt that the yearly scholarship was paltry and hardly suf-
ficient to meet their out of pocket study expenses. This prevented many from purchasing study materials,
which affected their studies. It was also interesting to note the difference in how boys and girls preferred
to utilise the scholarship. The boys spent the money mostly on stationery items and books, whereas, the
girls deposited the scholarship amount with their family members. In most cases they did not exercise
control over their own scholarship money.
FOCUSED GROUP DISCUSSION: RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS
This focused group discussion was conducted in the government-run residential high school in Kandu-
labeda village in Koraput district. The school has 420 students and 13 teachers. Of the 420 students, 131
are girls and 289 are boys. The focused group discussion comprised eight students and all the respondents
were females studying in class 10. The respondents pointed towards several infrastructure related gaps
and concerns. There was no provision of toilet within the school premises. The toilets were in a dilapidat-
ed condition and had no water supply. The students, both girls as well as boys, were forced to defecate in
the open. This posed security related concerns, especially for the girls. The school had two tube wells from
which both boys and girls sourced water. Piped water connection was not available. Respondents shared
that the water source was not sufficient for all the students in the school since water was used for bathing,
washing clothes and utensils, cooking as well as drinking. The residential school also did not provide beds
and other basic furniture items for the students. The only facility provided was a building, and the rest the
students were expected to take care of. The number of classrooms in the school was grossly inadequate.
There were only five classrooms to accommodate 420 students. The scholarship amount was utilised by
the school administration towards operational costs (meals, DTH/TV, medicines etc.). All these expenses
were covered by the scholarship of the students studying in these schools101.
Both the group discussions highlight similar concerns. First and foremost, poor infrastructure—dilapi-
dated school buildings, inadequate class rooms, hostels without functional toilets, lack of electricity and
piped water connection adversely affect the quality of life of students as well as the quality of education
in these schools. Secondly, the cost norm for non-residential students is highly inadequate. Thirdly, in
the residential schools, the scholarship is spent towards food and other overheads. It is not clear why the
scholarship is credited in the student’s accounts if it is not utilised by them for study related expenses.
Also, the cost norms for girl students are higher in residential schools. It is not clear though as to how this
extra amount is spent or what additional provisions are provided to them. It is apparent that this interven-
tion was planned with the intention of increasing literacy levels among SC and STs as also retain them
in a formal education system. However, the effectiveness of such investments is highly dubious given the
severe constraints under which such schools function.
101 The PMS for Class I to VIII is withdrawn by the Head master and disbursed for purchasing of food ar cles for the month.
The PMS is primarily u lised to fulfill the expenses towards the students’ food and DTH connec on etc. The PMS for class
IX and X students is deposited through the NEFT Mechanism. So, the students withdraw the money and hand over to the
teachers for their maintenance.

4 Conclusion and
Recommendations
All the six states under study have consistently committed re-
sources to realize gender equality and women’s empowerment
objectives. This is the only inference that can be drawn con-
vincingly. The challenge, however, is to understand the trends
that relate to other important variables to assess the maturity
of Gender Responsive Budgeting Initiatives (GRBI) in these
states. It is interesting to observe the inter-state variations with
respect to the following:
1. Priority assigned to gender equality and women’s empow-
erment investments as well as the quantum of resources
dedicated towards achieving these priorities;
2. Presence or absence of concerted efforts to identify the
gaps and areas that need focused attention and dedicated
resources;
3. Presence or absence of initiatives to ensure gender re-
sponsive planning and budgeting across sectors;
4. Presence or absence of mechanisms that help institution-
alise GRBI102 as well as the nature, mandate and limita-
tions of these mechanisms; and
5. Type of GRB tools applied within state-specific GRBIs.
102 GBS, GBC, commi ees, GRB Monitoring cells etc
| 45
As discussed in the methodology section, the states were divided into Type I (with GBS) and Type II
(without GBS) for the purpose of analysis.103 Of the six states under study, only Madhya Pradesh and
Rajasthan have officially adopted GRB as a strategy and constituted gender budget cells. The two states
publish a gender budget statement every financial year. The formats of the statement in the two states
though differ.
STATUS OF GRB ACROSS SAMPLE STATES
A preliminary scan of GRBIs across the six sample states is presented in Figure 16. Three states, MP, Ra-
jasthan and Gujarat, have a state-specific gender policy. Jharkhand is in the process of finalising one, but
it has not been officially endorsed yet. Odisha and Rajasthan are the frontrunners on sector-specific GRB
research. In Gujarat, substantial body of work on GRB and gender audits exists. In the remaining states,
very limited state-specific research or knowledge products are currently available.
Figure 16 : GRB Status Across Select States

6
5
5
4
4
4
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
0
GBC GBS
GENDER GRB RELATED GRB GRB INSTITUTIONAL GRB
POLICY RESEACH DIRECTIVES STUCTURES/PROCESSES MONITORING
MECHANISMS
Yes No
Source: GRB Factsheets of sample states
Several directives have been issued to further GRB in states such as MP, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Odisha.
The scope of these directives, as well as the issuing authority, however, varies from state to state. It is in-
teresting to note here that despite the fact that GRB is not formally institutionalised or endorsed by the
Gujarat and Odisha governments, both the states have issued circulars and directives to this effect. Mean-
while, they continue to use the women’s component plan model.
Figure 17 : Level of Maturity of GRBI
1, 17% At an experimental /pilŽƟng stage,

Orissa involving a limited number of actors.
ƚƚŚĞŝŶĐĞƉƟon stage.
2, 33%
1, 17% (M.P & Rajasthan)
Jharkhand At an iniƟal stage of early sensiƟƐĂƟon
about concepts, tools, objecƟves
1, 16% Not started yet. Even the sensiƟsaƟŽŶ
1, 17% Andhra towards the need for GRB is missing.
Gujarat Pradesh
There is a downtrend in the GRB
momentum
Source: GRB Factsheets, Sample States
103 Type I States - Gender Budget Statement published (Madhya Pradesh & Rajasthan) and Type II States- Gender Budget
Statement not published (Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Jharkhand & Odisha)

With respect to institutional structures and GRB processes, only MP and Rajasthan produce and publish
the GBS. The formats for both the states differ substantially—MP follows the Centre’s pattern and reflects
gender budgets under two categories104, whereas Rajasthan follows a complicated and exhaustive format
wherein the gender budget is divided into four categories105. Both Rajasthan and MP have constituted
gender budget cells. In Odisha, a gender cell was established with well-defined roles and with the objec-
tive to provide technical inputs in gender planning, gender budgeting, and gender analysis and audit. As
seen in Figure 16, GRB monitoring is one of the weakest links in the process. Only Gujarat has constituted
a GRB monitoring cell in the state.
LEVEL OF MATURITY OF GRB IN SAMPLE STATES
The level of maturity of GRB varies from state to state. Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan publish the GBS
every year and yet the GRBI is perceived to be at an experimental or pilot stage. The key concerns relate
to the involvement of limited number of actors, a GBS-centered approach, limited individual and insti-
tutional capacities as well as methodological ambiguity regarding gender budgets. Andhra Pradesh is at
an inception stage with only a few capacity building workshops to its credit. Lately, the Andhra Pradesh
government has issued a circular articulating the need to operationalise GRB and to publish a GBS. The
Planning Department also organised a consultation workshop in December 2013 to discuss and propose
the state GRB strategy. Gujarat too is at an initial stage of sensitisation about concepts, despite the fact
that GRB and gender audits have been the focus of several research studies in the state. Jharkhand stands
out as one of the poorest performers where no process to operationalise GRB has even begun. The basic
orientation on the relevance of GRB among key stakeholders is missing. Odisha is an interesting example
of how efforts to operationalise GRB took off at an accelerated pace and gradually lost momentum. The
state has witnessed a downtrend in the past few years.
The main observations can be summarised as follows:

1. There is a conceptual ambiguity around GRB. Most stakeholders perceive the production of a gender
budget statement as the equivalent of ‘doing GRB’.
2. Efforts to integrate GRB into the planning, budgeting and audit continuum or to engage with other
GRB tools are non-existent. A number of GRB tools106 have been developed by a group of feminist
economists, which draw on their experiences of raising awareness on gender and budgets in Aus-
tralia and South Africa. These tools have served as the basis for many GRB initiatives across the
globe. These include the three-way expenditure categories107 outlined by Rhoda Sharp in 1998, Deb-
bie Budlenders’ five-step approach108 and Diane Elson’s109 tools.
104 Shreni I: Women Specific Schemes- Schemes explicitly meant to benefit of women/girls- targe ng 100% budget alloca on
Shreni II : Pro Women Scheme- Scheme partly benefits women- budget alloca on in the range, more than 30% but less
than 100%
105 The format is divided into four parts:
Part A: Where the percentage of women beneficiaries / Share of alloca on towards women and girls is > 70%
Part B: Where the percentage of women beneficiaries / Share of alloca on towards women and girls is 70-30%
Part C: Where the percentage of women30%
Part C: Where the percentage of women beneficiaries / Share of alloca on towards women and girls is 30-10%
Part D: Where the percentage of women beneficiaries / Share of alloca on towards women and girls is < 10%
106 There are a variety of tools that can be used in GRB.
107 Rhonda Sharp’s three-way categoriza on of expenditure breaks down budget expenditures into the three main categories:
i. Gender-specific expenditure targe ng women and girls
ii. Expenditures promo ng equal opportuni es in the public sector
iii. Mainstream expenditures (budget expenditures not included under the two previous categories;
108 The five steps include:
i. A situa onal Analysis: An analysis of the situa on for women and men and girls and boys (and the different sub-
groups) in a given sector.
ii. A Policy Analysis: An assessment of the extent to which the sector’s policy addresses the gender issues and gaps
described in the first step
iii. Assess adequacy of Budgets: An assessment of the adequacy of budget alloca ons to implement the gender sensi-
ve policies and programmes iden fied in step 2 above.
iv. Monitoring: Monitoring whether the money was spent as planned, what was delivered and to whom. This involves
checking both financially and the physical deliverables (disaggregated by sex)
v. Impact Assessment: Has the situa on changed?
109 The most popular GRB tools are the ones proposed by Diane Elson and include a set of seven tools: Gender Aware Policy
Appraisal, Sex Disaggregated beneficiary assessment of public service delivery and budget priori es, sex disaggregated
public expenditure incidence analysis, sex disaggregated public revenue incidence analysis, sex disaggregated analysis of
the budget on me use, gender aware medium term economic policy framework and gender aware budget statement.
Conclusion and Recommenda ons | 47

3. A GBS centered approach and issues related to the GBS framework:
3.1 States that officially endorse GRB as a strategy focus primarily on producing the GBS. The exer-
cise is limited to the task of presenting allocations as per prescribed formats and guidelines. The
entire focus therefore is ‘GBS centric’, which is a problem. Although GBS has its own value, it is
important to recognize that GBS is only one of the GRB tools and can only be used for a specific
purpose.
3.2 There is no clear methodology with respect to the most appropriate format of the GBS. In Type I
states, it is seen that both Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan have different formats as well as crite-
ria for reflecting allocations. The problem related to presenting data in these formats is an issue
for both the states.
3.3 An increase in the number of schemes as well as allocations reported in the GBS over the years
cannot be construed as an increase in gender responsive investments or measures. This in most
cases may just imply improved capturing and presentation of budget data.
3.4 There is no clear understanding with regard to apportioning allocations that are not 100 per cent
women specific. This is arbitrarily entered and reduces the exercise to a mere mechanical data
entry effort.
4. No inference can be drawn to suggest that states that engage with GRB, meaning produce GBS, have
accomplished significant or perceptible gains. If the gender development index and gender empow-
erment measure are taken as the impact indicator, it is observed that they are comparable across all
dimensions for both Type I and Type II states. In fact the performance of Type I states is much lower
(see: Table 1).
5. There are huge capacity gaps. All states except for Jharkhand have organised some form of GRB
trainings and workshops. However, these efforts have not yielded any significant results primarily
due to the absence of systematic capacity development strategy; lack of customised capacity develop-
ment modules—trainings, handholding support, mentoring—with respect to the application of GRB
tools110.
6. It is observed that states that received some handholding from external agencies such as UNDP have
developed state-specific GRB strategies and taken steps towards operationalising GRB with tech-
nical assistance from these organisations. For instance, United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP) supported the governments of MP and Odisha; UNFPA supported Rajasthan; and UNFPA
and Gender Resource Centre supported Gujarat. However, barring MP and Rajasthan, steps taken by
the other state governments such as Gujarat and Odisha have not resulted in the official endorsement
of GRB.
Recommenda ons
This section outlines a set of generic recommendations drawn from the experience of GRB in the six
sample states.
1. Planning, Budgeting and Auditing Cycle: As commonly perceived, the scope of GRB is not limited
to just promoting gender responsive investments. It is a process that entails sensitivity in policy for-
mulation, programme design, resource allocation, implementation and monitoring, and even impact
assessments and audits. It is important to integrate GRB within this continuum. Entry points for
GRB can be identified within the existing systems of planning, budgeting and audits and the same
can be leveraged to promote GRBI within states.
2. Institutional Mechanisms and Procedures: Institutional mechanisms such as gender budget cells or
committees, budget circulars and gender budget statement have been in vogue both at the Centre and
states. Setting up institutional mechanisms and procedures is a valuable process indicator towards a
certain commitment at the policy level. However, even a preliminary assessment of these institution-
al mechanisms reveals that they have not been very effective and are riddled with several weaknesses.
For instance, in the case of gender budget cells (GBCs), they have been more or less defunct; in the
case of the GBS, there are methodological ambiguities and irregularities. It is critical to review the
110 specific to government stakeholders

performance of the GBCs including their constitution, mandate and functions. It is also important to
ensure their periodic monitoring. See box 10 for recommendations with respect to the GBS.
3. Need to engage with other GRB tools: GRB entails engagement with a range of frameworks and
tools, the selection of which is subject to variables such as scope, actors and objective of the exercise.
Therefore, engaging with other GRB frameworks and tools is important. The five-step framework
is a good starting point when new initiatives are planned. See box 11 from the five-step framework
perspective. It is an excellent example of how new initiatives can be planned.
4. Individual and Institutional Capacities: Trainings and capacity building is another variable that
impacts the effectiveness of GRBIs. A well-tailored and systematic capacity building strategy needs
to be in place. The focus of trainings should be on mentoring of officials. There is need to develop
specific training modules to facilitate this.
5. Monitoring: This is the weakest link in the process. There are no specified mechanisms in place that
can monitor state specific GRBI and grade their performance accordingly. There is also no clarity on
which agency or institution should be responsible for overseeing the overall implementation of GRBI
in the states. Monitoring is critical to ensure that GRBI are on track to realize gender equality and
women’s empowerment goals and objectives.
6. Research and advocacy: This is yet another area that needs focused attention. GRB tools and frame-
works rely on evidence based data and information. There is a need for gender focused budget re-
views across sectors at the national and sub-national levels. Budget groups should also include this
important criterion of enquiry in all other mainstream review.
Box 10: GBS: Issues and recommenda ons
The Gender Budget Statement (GBS) or Gender Aware Budget Statement is one of the cri cal priority tools in-
trinsic to any government-led Gender Responsive Budget Ini a ve (GRBI). It is an accountability tool that show-
cases the quantum of alloca ons flowing to advance and promote gender equality commitments across sectors.
The GBS is collated and published by the finance department, but the line ministry or department concerned
furnishes the informa on. The exercise should preferably entail well-defined processes, tools and methodology,
to ensure responsible and accurate repor ng. This calls for high degree of commitment and coordina on from
respec ve government stakeholders. The experience with the GBS both at the Centre and state level has shown
that:
a. The prescribed formats adopted by different states are unsuitable and therefore unable to capture the
range of alloca ons across all sector programmes. It is also observed that the formats and instruc ons may
at mes be misleading as in the case of Rajasthan GBS. In Rajasthan, one of the guidelines for furnishing
informa on in the GBS suggests that ‘those departments whose work area is “gender neutral sector” or
those whose work is in the basic infrastructure sector like canal, road, water, electricity etc. should report
gender component based on the share of women in total popula on’ .
b. The GBS, both at the na onal and state level, is marred with several methodological irregulari es due to
problems related to (i) incorrect iden fica on of programmes and schemes as GB, under different catego-
ries as prescribed by the format, (ii) absence of a clear-cut, well defined methodological approach to arrive
at the projected figures under a specific scheme, especially those that are either composite or are not ben-
eficiary oriented.
c. The issues related to quantum of alloca ons earmarked as gender budget and how the money is spent.
Broadly, the GBS is cri qued along these lines. It is necessary to probe the underlying problems that accentuate
such irregulari es. It is important to keep in mind the following ques ons that may lead to substan ve improve-
ments in the way GBS is presented:
1. It is important to define the scope as well as the limita ons of the GBS as a tool. Is it impera ve that all
alloca ons must necessarily find loca on in a GBS? If not, what is the criterion that defines the types of
expenditure that should essen ally be reflected in the format? There is urgent need to have this clarity.
2. As and when this clarity is achieved, there will be be er understanding of what cons tutes the most suited
format for a GBS. There are several formats in vogue and each is known to have its merits and demerits.
There is no consensus on what cons tutes an exhaus ve and comprehensive format. There are three for-
mats proposed in the course of the research (see Annexures 11,12,13).

3. With respect to the types of alloca ons presented under different categories it is important to ask the fol-
lowing:
3.1. For women specific category (100 per cent women-centric alloca ons)
• What is the nature of investment that is reflected as 100 per cent women-specific?
• What are the norms and modali es by which such schemes are implemented: is it need based or
demand based? It has been observed that several 100 per cent women-specific schemes, such as
Ujjawala, Short Stay Homes etc. are implemented subject to approval of proposals received from
implemen ng partners. This shows a skewed outreach of such schemes. The implementa on
model endorsed may bypass several women who are in need of such services. This defeats the
very purpose of such alloca ons although they may qualify as a GB
3.2. For beneficiary oriented composite expenditure
• Are gender disaggregated physical targets fixed at the onset? Example, MGNREGA
• Is informa on regarding per capita costs of such investments available with the departments for
them to be able to cull out the GB?
• Are the cos ng norms same for women, men, girls and boys? The cos ng norms may differ for
girls, for example the pre-matric scholarship scheme for day scholars111 and pre-matric scholar-
ship for residen al students 112.
3.3. For expenditure that cannot be broken down
• How to calculate the incidence of benefit of such expenditure? Is the informa on available? If not,
then:
i. Have these projects—water, sanita on, transport, highways etc—been appraised from a
gender perspec ve? What is the scope of planning gender responsive measures, and cor-
responding investments, within these projects?
ii. Are such projects allevia ng women’s care burden or do they remain unchanged or even
increase?
iii. What is women’s opportunity cost if certain investments are not priori sed?
4. There is need to include the GBS within the expenditure audit mandate of the Supreme Audit Ins tu on.
This measure will ensure some level of seriousness in the way in which the GBS is prepared and also the
manner in which such alloca ons are spent.
5. Clear cut guidelines across schemes should be formulated to ensure accurate reflec on of the gender bud-
get across all categories. The capaci es of government officials should be developed accordingly.
Box 11: Rajasthan State Girl Child Policy 2013

A case study
The Rajasthan government officially launched and endorsed the state girl child policy in January 2013. The state
girl child policy is a typical example of how a GRBI can be planned and designed using the five-step framework .
The policy will be explained using this framework of analysis.
STEP 1: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
The policy begins with a situa onal analysis of the girl child across several indicators that reflect adverse trends.
The policy analyses the situa on of declining sex ra o, differences in health indicators for girls and boys, average
age of marriage for girls, differences in educa onal indicators for girls and boys, discrimina on in intra household
distribu on of food, the incidences of violence against women and girls, sexual assault faced by adolescent girls,
etc. The situa onal analysis forms the basis or premise for a comprehensive girl child policy in the state.
111 PMS for Day Scholars: The state provides scholarship for SC & ST students enrolled in class VI to VIII. The cost norms for VI
& VII class students is Rs. 150/- per boy and Rs. 200/- per girl per annum and the cost norm for VIII class, is Rs. 200/- per
boy and Rs.250/- per girl per annum .
112 PMS for residen al Schools: The PMS norm for residen al schools (class I to X) for boy students is Rs. 6200 per boy student
and for girls Rs. 6500/- per girl student (per annum).

STEP 2: POLICY ASSESSMENT
Despite several measures in terms of policies, programmes and schemes across different state departments,
a concerted and holis c effort was missing. The indicators reflect that such efforts have been ineffec ve in ad-
dressing the situa on. Based on this, the girl child policy was planned and designed. This policy endeavours
to streamline all such efforts across departments and iden fied priority issues for girl children of various age
groups, star ng from pre-birth up to the age of 18. The priority issues were:
a. Declining child sex ra o
b. Health and educa on services and family support
c. Protec on from violence, abuse and neglect
d. Agency and empowerment
The policy outlines a mul -pronged short- and long-term strategy with social ac on, legisla ve ac on and gender
sensi ve essen al services as the cornerstone of implementa on. The policy also iden fies the arrangements for
coordina on and ac on as well as a state specific ac on plan.
STEP 3: ASSESSMENT OF BUDGETARY ALLOCATIONS
The policy clearly indicates the need for ‘pooling of resources’ to implement the ac on plan. ‘All duty bearers and
stakeholders are expected to generate and pool together the financial, human and technical resources required
for the implementa on of this policy framework and strategic ac on plan. The government shall draw upon the
resources made available by the Twel h Five Year Plan to various government departments on dealing with the
issues concerning the girl child. In due course, a gender budget for the policy can be developed to have a clear
es ma on of the quantum of resources commi ed across each policy priority area.
STEP 4: ASSESSMENT OF SHORT TERM OUTPUT OF EXPENDITURE
The policy also outlines monitoring and evalua on process for the implementa on of the policy. The task of
monitoring the progress has been entrusted to the state task force for care and protec on of girls, which will
be led by the chief secretary and has various addi onal secretaries and principal secretaries as its members.
This commi ee will conduct quarterly progress review of the policy, and the State Commission for Protec on of
Child Rights will carry out a monthly review. It also talks about community-based implementa on planning and
monitoring as well as crea ng the framework to collect relevant data for research and interpreta on. It will be
interes ng to monitor expenditure related inputs across each policy ac on in the forthcoming years.
STEP 5: ASSESSMENT OF LONG TERM IMPACTS
The policy captures the baseline data across relevant indicators and iden fies the impact indicators across each
policy issue. The policy also assigns me bound results. It will be interes ng to track the same once the policy
is rolled out for implementa on. This policy is a typical example of how GRB ini a ves should be planned. This
policy is also unique as it accommodates:
• Inter-convergence ini a ve: It is a comprehensive strategy and is holis c because of its inter-convergence
approach.
• The ac on points are me bound with specified indicators of progress and measured impacts.
• It foresees pooling of resources across sectors to fund the planned ini a ves. This is a unique provision.

Annexures
| 53
ANNEXURE 1
ENTRUSTED RESPONSIBILITIES IN CONTEXT TO GENDER BUDGET WORK PLAN
GOVERNMENT OF MADHYA PRADESH
Department/Ins tu on ( me frame) Ac vi es
Department of Economics and Sta s cs (special ac on Collec on and compila on of gender disaggregated
plan in 2008) data on different women related issues
All the departments (since 2008)
Finance Department (2008) Developing tools for gender budge ng based on
women related issues, needs and priori es at
government level
Finance Department, Panchayat and Rural Preparing strategy for ensuring women’s access and
Development Department and Women and Child par cipa on in budget making at every possible level
Development Department (2008) of public expenditure
Finance Department and Women Resource Centre at Training and capacity building of government officials
Academy of Administra on, Madhya Pradesh (2008- for taking up gender based budge ng system
12)
Finance Department and all other Government Budget provisions for implemen ng State Women
Departments (2008-12) Policy
Women Resource Centre at Academy of Undertaking annual analysis, evalua on and research
Administra on, Madhya Pradesh (2008-12) on gender based budge ng system
Finance Department (2008-12) Con nuous monitoring of gender based budgets
Finance Department (2008-12) Documen ng audi ng of gender based budge ng
system
Source: State Women Policy, GoMP, 2008

ANNEXURE 2
GBS PERFORMA
RAJASTHAN
| 55
ANNEXURE 3
BFCS UNITS COVERED UNDER GBS RAJASTHAN
Sr. BFC units covered 2012-13 GBS Sr. BFC units covered 2013-14 GBS
No No
1. Rajasthan Ayurved University, Jodhpur (1)
1. Literacy and Con nuing Educa on (3) 2. Literacy and Con nuing Educa on(3)
2. Sardar Patel Ayurvedic University (4) 3. Sardar Patel Ayurvedic University (4)
3. Ayuvygan University KOTA (5) 4. Ayuvygan University Kota (5)
4. Ravinder Nath Tagore Ayuvygan University 5. Ravinder Nath Tagore Ayuvygan Univeristy,
Udaipur (6) Udaipur (6)
5. College Educa on, Jaipur (7) 6. College Educa on, Jaipur (7)
6. Na onal Cadet Corps (8) 7. Na onal Cadet Corps (8)
7. Food Department (9) 8. Food Department (9)
8. Sanskrit Educa on (11) 9. Sanskrit Educa on (11)
9. Ramanandachrya Sanskrit University, Jaipur (12) 10. Ramanandachrya Sanskrit Univerity, Jaipur
(12)
10. Secondary Educa on, Bikaner (13) 11. Secondary Educa on, Bikaner(13)
11. SMS, Jaipur (14) 12. SMS, Jaipur (14)
12. Technical Educa on, Jodhpur (15) 13. Technical Educa on, Jodhpur (15)
13. Bharmansheel Shilya Health Unit, Jaipur (16) 14. Bharmansheel Shilya Health Unit, Jaipur (16)
14. Language Department, Jaipur (17) 15. Language Department, Jaipur(17)
15. Agriculture Department, Jaipur (18) 16. Agriculture Department, Jaipur (18)
16. Swami Keshwanand Raj Kirishi college, Bikaner 17. Swami Keshwanand Raj Kirishi college, Bikaner
(20) (20)
17. Animal husbandry (21) 18. Animal Husbandry (21)
18. Madan Mohan Malviya State Ayurved College, 19. Madan Mohan Malviya State Ayurved
Udaipur (22) College,Udaipur (22)
19. Uddyan, Jaipur (23) 20. Uddyan, Jaipur (23)
20. Bharat Scout and Guide, Jaipur (24) 21. Bharat Scout and Guide, Jaipur (24)
21. Dr Sumpuranand Ayuvygan College, Jodhpur 22. Dr Sumpuranand Ayuvygan College, Jodhpur
(25) (25)
22. Health and Medical Services, Jaipur (28) 23. Health and Medical Services, Jaipur (28)
23. Primary Educa on, Bikaner (29) 24. Primary Educa on, Bikaner (29)
24. Family Welfare, Jaipur (30) 25. Family Welfare, Jaipur (30)
25. Fishery, Jaipur (31) 26. Fishery, Jaipur (31)
26. Ayurved Department (32) 27. Ayurved Department (32)
27. Ayurved College, Ajmer (33) 28. Ayurved college, Ajmer (33)
28. Raj Medical Science University, Jaipur (35) 29. Raj Medical Science University, Jaipur (35)
30. Planning (Jan shak ), Jaipur (38)
29. ICDS, Jaipur (42) 31. ICDS, Jaipur (42)
30. Social Jus ce and Empowerment, Jaipur (43) 32. Social Jus ce and Empowerment, Jaipur (43)
31. Transport, Jaipur (44) 33. Transport, Jaipur (44)
34. Agriculture Count Department, Jaipur (45)
32. Devsthan Department (48) 35. Devsthan Department (48)
36. Planning (Sansthagat Vit), Jaipur (49)

No No
33. Women Empowerment, Jaipur (56) 37. Women Empowerment, Jaipur(56)
34. Minority Department, Jaipur (58) 38. Minority Department, Jaipur (58)
35. Tribal Development Department, Udaipur (59) 39. Tribal development Department, Udaipur (59)
36. Soldier Welfare, Jaipur (61) 40. Soldier Welfare, Jaipur (61)
41. Forest Department, Jaipur (65)
42. Environment (67)
43. Informa on Technology, Jaipur (68)
37. Water Resources, Jaipur (70) 44. Water Resources, Jaipur (70)
38. Canal Area Development (71) 45. Canal Area Development (71)
39. CAD, Bikaner (72) 46. CAD, Bikaner (72)
40. CAD, Kota (73) 47. CAD, Kota (73)
41. CAD, Noher 48. CAD, Noher(75)
42. Engineering Staff Training Ins tute, Jaipur (77) 49. Engineering Staff Training Ins tute, Jaipur(77)
43. Science and Technology Department (82) 50. Science and Technology Department (82)
44. Urban Development and Housing, Jaipur (85) 51. Urban Development and Housing, Jaipur (85)
45. Public Works Department, Jaipur (87) 52. Public Works Department, Jaipur (87)
46. PHED, Jaipur (88) 53. PHED, Jaipur (88)
47. Local Self Government, Jaipur (91) 54. Local Self Government, Jaipur (91)
48. Police Department, Jaipur (94) 55. Police Department, Jaipur (94)
49. Coopera ve, Jaipur (99) 56. Coopera ve, Jaipur (99)
57. Jail Department, Jaipur (101)
58. Home Guard, Jaipur (102)
50. Jawahar Kala Kendra (113) 59. Jawahar Kala Kendra (113)
60. Rajyapal Secretariat (123)
51. Energy Department (125) 61. Energy Department (125)
52. Disaster Management and Relief (126) 62. Disaster Management and Relief (126)
53. Harishchandra Mathur RPSC Ins tute, Jaipur 63. Harishchandra Mathur RPSC Ins tute, Jaipur
(127) (127)
54. Sports Department (130) 64. Sports Department (130)
55. Labour (134) 65. Labour (134)
56. Employment (135) 66. Employment (135)
57. Rural Development Department, Jaipur (137) 67. Rural Development Department, Jaipur (137)
58. Employment State Insurance Department (138) 68. Employment State Insurance Department
(138)
59. Panchaya Raj (139) 69. Panchaya Raj (139)
60. Watershed and land security (140) 70. Watershed and Land Security (140)
61. Technical (trainings) Educa on (150) 71. Technical (trainings) Educa on (150)
72. CAD, Tonk (155)
62. M K Verma tex le Department, Bilwara (156) 73. M K Verma Tex le Department, Bilwara (156)
63. M. Pratap Agriculture and Techical University, 74. M. Pratap Agriculture and Techical University,
Udaipur (159) Udaipur (159)
64. M D S University, Ajmer 75. M D S University, Ajmer (162)
65. Engineering University, Ajmer 76. Enginerring University, Ajmer (163)
66. Raj Animal health and Science University, Bi- 77. Raj Animal Health and Science University,
kaner (168) Bikaner (168)
67. Rajasthan University (169) 78. Rajasthan University (169)
68. J N Vyas University, Jodhpur (170) 79. J N Vyas University, Jodhpur (170)
Annexure | 57
No No
69. M Sukharya University. Udaipur (171) 80. M Sukharya University, Udaipur (171)
70. M.G S University, Bikaner (174) 81. M G S University, Bikaner (174)
71. Na onal Law University, Jodhpur (175) 82. Na onal Law University, Jodhpur(175)
72. Raj Khadi and Gramudyog Board (179) 83. Raj Khadi and Gramudyog Board (179)
84. B I P, Jaipur (180)
73. RUDA, Jaipur (181) 85. RUDA, Jaipur (181)
74. Industry (183) 86. Industry (183)
87. Achieve Department, Bikaner (186)
88. Raj Sangeet Natak Academy (189)
89. Jaipur Kathak Kendra (190)
90. Ravinder Manch(191)
75. Raj Sahitya Academy (192) 91. Raj Sahitya Academy(192)
76. Raj Hindi Granth Academy (193) 92. Raj Hindi Granth Academy(193)
77. Raj Urdu Academy (194) 93. Raj Urdu Academy, (194)
Raj Sindhi Academy (195) 94. Raj Sindhi Academy (195)
78. Raj Brij Bhasha Academy (196) 95. Raj Brij Bhasha Academy (196)
79. Raj Sanskrit Academy (197) 96. Raj Sanskrit Academy (197)
80. Rajasthani Language Academy, Bikaner (198) 97. Rajasthani Language Academy, Bikaner (198)
81. Bhar ya Lok Kala Mandal (200) 98. Bhar ya Lok Kala Mandal (200)
82. Indira Gandhi Canal Yojan, Bikaner (207) 99. Indira GandhiCanal Yojan, Bikaner (207)
83. Indira Gandhi Canal Yojan, Jaiselmer (208) 100. Indira GandhiCanal Yojan, Jaiselmer (208)
101. Water Resources, Hanumangarh (210)
84. Local Self Government (DS) (215) 102. Local Self Government (DS) (215)
85. EGS (216) 103. EGS (216)
86. SGSY (217) 104. SGSY (217)
105. SAP (218)
87. Land Resources—Department of Rural Develop-
ment and Panchaya Raj (220)
88. Raj Gramin Ajiveka Priyojna (222) 106. Raj Gramin Ajiveka Priyojna (222)
89. Mi ga ng Poverty (224) 107. Mi ga ng Poverty (224)
108. Homopathy Department (225)
90. NRHM (227) 109. NRHM (227)
110. Other Voluntary Organisa ons (228)
91. Rajasthan Waqf Board (229)
92. Quality Control Water Resources Department,
Jaipur (230)
93. Raj Urban Infrastructural Preyojna (240) 111. Raj Urban Infrastructural Preyojna (240)
94. Medical educa on (242) 112. Medical Educa on (242)
95. Directorate Specially Disabled (244) 113. Directorate Specially Disabled (244)

ANNEXURE 4
DEPARTMENT COVERAGE IN GENDER BUDGET, MADHYA PRADESH
Sr Departments 2007- 2008- 2009- 2010- 2011- 2012- 2013-

No 08 09 10 11 12 13 14
1 Home Y
2 Sports and Youth Welfare Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
3 Commerce and Industry Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
4 Farmer Welfare and Agriculture N Y Y Y Y Y Y
Development
5 Coopera ve Y
6 Public Health and Family Welfare Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
7 Urban Administra on and Development Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
8 School Educa on Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
9 Panchayat Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
10 Tribal Welfare Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
11 Social Welfare Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
12 Food and Civil Supply N Y Y Y Y Y Y
13 Animal Husbandry N Y Y Y Y Y Y
14 Fisheries N Y Y Y Y N N
15 Higher Educa on Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
16 Man Power Planning N Y Y Y Y Y Y
17 Avia on N N Y Y Y Y Y
18 Women and Child Development Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
19 Rural Industries N Y Y Y Y Y Y
20 Backward Classes and Minority Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
Development
21 Scheduled Caste Welfare Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
22 Rural Development Y Y Y Y Y Y Y
23 Hor culture and Food Processing N Y Y Y Y Y Y
24 Ayush N N N Y Y Y
25 Revenue N Y Y Y N N N
26 Medical Educa on N N Y Y N N N
27 Vimukta, Ghumakkad Evam Ardha N N N N N Y Y
Ghumakkad Ja Kalyan Vibhag
28 Water Resource N N N N N Y Y
Source: Gender Budget Statements, GoMP, various years
Annexure | 59
ANNEXURE 5
DEPARTMENT WISE WOMEN SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES WSP EXPENDITURE AND ESTIMATIONS IN SELECTED DEPARTMENTS, ANDHRA PRADESH
(Rs. in Crore)
NAME OF THE DEPARTMENT 2009-10 Acts 2010-11 Acts 2011-12 Acts 2012-13 RE 2013-14 BE
Total WSP % of Total Plan WSP % of Total Plan WSP % of Total Plan WSP % of Total WSP % of
Plan plan WSP plan WSP plan WSP plan WSP Plan plan WSP
PLANNING, SECRETARIAT 682.12 1.75 0.26 268.33 - - 827.54 1.25 0.15 1,133.60 2.50 0.22 1,133.60 1.00 0.09
DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL EDUCATION DEPARTMENT 563.31 - - 1,528.18 98.47 6.44 2,495.62 155.43 6.23 2,923.34 157.93 5.40 3,883.92 465.32 11.98
HIGHER EDUCATION, SECRETARIAT 308.43 5.45 1.77 536.03 8.00 1.49 491.37 14.87 3.03 12.98 - - 62.98 - -
DEPARTMENT

HEALTH, MEDICAL and FAMILY 1,445.94 29.54 2.04 1,760.98 22.32 1.27 1,848.69 37.73 2.04 2,143.25 53.33 2.49 2,364.80 65.62 2.77
WELFARE DEPARTMENT
MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION 38.11 1.25 3.28 299.53 141.41 47.21 414.18 95.95 23.17 599.87 - - 799.87 - -
DEPARTMENT
WOMEN DEVELOPMENT and CHILD 918.90 175.24 19.07 891.86 54.35 6.09 1,406.88 32.05 2.28 2,225.50 267.47 12.02 2,645.87 175.08 6.62
WELFARE DEPARTMENT
CIVIL SUPPLIES DEPARTMENT 132.06 62.25 47.14 80.31 5.00 6.23 81.34 5.00 6.15 87.68 10.00 11.41 97.68 10.00 10.24
SOCIAL WELFARE DEPARTMENT 696.33 0.03 0.00 1,221.74 0.03 0.00 1,304.00 0.05 0.00 1,719.14 0.10 0.01 3,077.86 0.10 0.00
MINORITIES WELFARE 194.09 - - 319.51 - - 363.58 - - 482.18 3.22 0.67 1,020.00 4.61 0.45
DEPARTMENT
RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2,342.72 193.97 8.28 3,500.19 788.73 22.53 4,469.52 1,233.68 27.60 4,698.65 987.64 21.02 4,949.65 1,085.57 21.93
DEPARTMENT
Total 7,322.01 469.48 6.41 10,406.65 1,118.30 10.75 13,702.73 1,576.01 11.50 16,026.16 1,482.18 9.25 0,036.20 1,807.30 9.02
Source : AP Government Budget Books
FIRST Highest
SECOND Highest
THIRD Highest
ANNEXURE 6
EXPENDITURE TRENDS: PRACTICAL AND STRATEGIC NEEDS ACROSS SCHEMES,
ANDHRA PRADESH
Rs. in crore
S. Strategic Needs Vs Prac cal Needs S/P 2009- 2010- 2011- 2012-13 2013-14
NO. 10 ACTS 11 ACTS 12 ACTS RE BE
(A) EDUCATION RELATED SCHEMES
1 Construc on of Girls Hostels for Students P 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 200.00
2 Construc on of Restrooms for Girls in High P 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.50 2.50
Schools
3 Na onal Programme for Educa on of Girls at P 0.00 20.60 15.81 15.81 0.00
Elementary Level (NPEGEL)
4 Assistance to KGBV P 0.00 77.87 139.62 139.62 262.82
5 Sri Padmavathi Mahila Viswa Vidyalayam P 5.45 8.00 14.87 0.00 0.00
6 Nursing Colleges P 13.46 4.18 4.11 18.78 18.89
7 Minority Girls Residen al Schools P 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.22 4.61
8 Na onal Programme for Adolescent Girls P 8.92 0.00 20.25 124.91 110.75
9 Girl Child Protec on Scheme P 59.77 48.12 0.00 63.21 10.23
10 Balika Samuddi Yojana P 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 Kishore Shak Yojana P 1.65 1.96 1.91 4.14 4.14
12 Interest Subsidy to the children of Indira S 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Kranthi Patham (IKP) women for seeking
Higher Studies in Foreign Countries
(B) HEALTH RELATED SCHEMES
1 Taining of Auxillary Nurses, Midwives, Dayas P 4.05 4.95 5.77 9.68 9.74
and Lady Health Visitors
2 ANM Training Schools run by Local Bodies P 0.70 3.05 3.76 4.13 4.13
and Voluntary Organisa ons
3 Employment of ANMs P 8.73 7.43 17.65 12.00 24.12
4 Sukhibhava P 2.41 2.50 6.29 8.38 8.38
5 Medical Termina on of Pregnancy P 0.20 0.22 0.15 0.36 0.37
6 Construc on of Buildings for AWCs P 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.76
7 Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana P 0.00 0.00 1.26 10.32 35.00
(IGMSY)
(C) ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES
1 Assistance to AP Mahila Abhivruddhi Society S 0.00 0.00 0.38 2.50 1.00
for Establishing of Self Help Group Learning
Centre
2 Loans to Other Scien fc Bodies (ACA) [Loans S 1.75 0.00 0.88 0.00 0.00
to A P Mahila Abhiruddhi Society for Estab-
lishing of SHG Learning Centre]
3 Assistance to Municipali es / Corpora ons S 1.25 141.41 95.95 0.00 0.00
for Pavala Vaddi Scheme
4 Scheme to set up the SRCW under Na- S 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.28 0.28
onal Mission for Empowerment of Women
(NMEW)
5 Assistance to AP Women’s Co-opera ve S 3.17 2.63 5.67 7.00 7.00
Finance Corpora on
6 Interest subsidy on loans taken by DWACRA S 100.00 564.83 710.34 0.00 0.00
group (Interest on loans at 3% p a)
Annexure | 61
S. Strategic Needs Vs Prac cal Needs S/P 2009- 2010- 2011- 2012-13 2013-14
NO. 10 ACTS 11 ACTS 12 ACTS RE BE
7 Distribu on of LPG connec on to women in P 62.25 5.00 5.00 10.00 10.00
rural areas/ municipal areas
8 Interest Free Loans to DWACRA Women S 0.00 0.00 0.00 550.00 650.00
(Vaddileni Runalu)
9 Streenidhi P 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 104.57
10 Pension to Poor Widows P 33.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 Insurance/Pension Scheme to DWACRA P 153.55 220.00 504.19 330.00 330.00
Women
12 Mahila Kisan Shashak karan Pariyojana S 0.00 0.00 12.14 0.00 0.00
13 Assistance to DRDAs for Self Employment of S 6.44 3.90 7.01 7.64 1.00
Self Help Groups of Women in Rural Areas
(D) PROTECTION and REHABILITATION RELATED SCHEMES
1 Schemes for implementa on of protec on P 0.69 0.76 1.01 1.14 2.34
for women from domes c violence
2 Women Welfare Centres P 0.14 0.19 0.15 0.22 0.22
3 State Commission for Women S 0.25 0.31 1.14 0.43 0.49
4 Rehabilita on Economic Development S 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.10 0.10
Libera on and home for Jogin Women
5 Schemes for se ng up of Women’s Training S 0.19 0.04 0.15 0.25 0.26
Centres/ Ins tu on for Rehabilita on of
Women-in-Distress
6 Financial Assistance and support services P 0.45 0.35 0.43 55.57 3.62
to vic ms of rape, a scheme for restora ve
jus ce
Total P and S 38 469.48 1118.30 1576.01 1482.18 1807.30
Total - P 25 356.40 405.17 742.23 913.98 1147.17
Total -S 13 113.08 713.13 833.78 568.20 660.13
Source: AP Budget Books P: PracƟcal Needs
S: Strategical Needs
Note: A gender needs assessment sheds light on both prac cal and strategic gender needs. Prac cal gender needs are needs that, once met,
enable women and men to maintain their exis ng posi ons in society. Strategic gender needs, on the other hand, once met, transform
these posi ons and subsequently alter power rela ons between women and men.

ANNEXURE 7
OUTLAY UNDER WOMEN COMPONENT GUJARAT
Major Head / Sub-head / Schemes Schemes Annual Plan 2011-12 Annual Plan 2011-12 Annual Plan 2012-13
Approved Approved An cipated An cipated Proposed Proposed
Outlay Outlay expenditure expenditure Outlay Outlay
Total Women’s Total Outlay Women’s Total Women’s
Outlay component component Outlay component
Rs.in Rs.in Lakhs Rs.in Lakhs Rs.in Lakhs Rs.in Rs.in Lakhs
Lakhs Lakhs
1 Agriculture and Allied Ac vi es
Crop Husbandry 0 0 0 0 128700 537.2
Hor culture 11200 60 11200 22.41 15500 60
Animal Husbandry 60 40 60 40 340 300
Fisheries 1165 65 1165 65 2375 119
Agricultural Research and 6162.68 577.96 6162.68 577.96 26143.14 154.65
Educa on
Planta on
2 Community Development and 3450 1035 3450 1035 4200 1260
Panchayats
Major and Medium Irriga on No onal 92810.44 34904 99605.83 39584.7 122840.7 49031.49
Flow
Minor Irriga on No onal 86532.44 37535 78676.91 34255.23 97283.06 42653.58
Command Area Development No onal 1362.74 258.63 796.53 43.07 1642.15 304.11
Flood Control No onal 9331.18 4465.9 9195.45 4400.94 8234.09 3940.84
Flow
4 Irriga on and Flood Control 190036.8 77163 188274.7 78283.95 230000 95930.02
Non Conven onal Energy 0 0 0 0 4100 2050
sources, Gobar Gas, Biogas
(Agri. and Co-op)
Forest 33955.22 10187 33955.22 10186.57 46074.5 13822.35
4 Social Services
Total General Educa on 3426.75 3426.8 3886.75 3886.75 1177 1177
Technical Educa on Develop- 38125.55 230 38131.11 250.92 40800 100
ment of Govt. Polytechnic and
Girls Polytechnics
Total of Medical and Public 46674.74 51114 46674.74 5114 41794.25 5250
Health
Housing 12889 6444.5 12889 6444.5 40473.5 19315.49
Welfare of Scheduled Caste 1053 1053 1053 1053 1600 1600
Welfare of Backward Classes 2038 2038 2038 2038 2488 2488
Tribal Development 3960.01 3960 3960.01 3960.01 5205.14 5205.14
Labour and Employment 25996 376.44 25996 376.44 47000 574.46
5 Social Security and Welfare
Direc on and administra on 341.63 0 341.63 0 248.65 138
Educa on and Welfare of 5605.36 1681.6 5605.36 1566.55 6095.9 1252
Disabled
Other Programme (Social secu- 15434.24 4630.3 15434.24 4507.27 19733.3 6270
rity Pension schemes)
Women Welfare 117437 52936 117437 52975.5 151694.3 94423.58
Grant Total under WCP 519011 217019 517714.5 172383.8 815742.7 252026.89
Grand Total 5190.11 2170.2 5177.145 1723.838 8157.427 2520.269
% of WCP out of approved 41.81 33.30 30.90
outlay
Annexure | 63
ANNEXURE 8
TOTAL ALLOCATIONS ACROSS SCHEMES CLASSIFIED UNDER SELECT CATEGORIES, JHARKHAND
Rs. In Lakh Total Alloca on (BE) to Nutri on for Women

Nutri on 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
ICDS 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12718.5 11238.9
Kishori Shak Yojna 224.4 150.0 0.0 200.0 220.0 220.0
Nutri on Programme for Adolescent Girls 1000.0
Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of 0.0 0.0 300.0 360.0 13818.0 14979.0
Adolescent Girl (SABALA)
Special Nutri ous Food Programme for Minor Girls 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total Nutri on 324.4 250.0 1300.0 560.0 26756.5 26437.9
Rs. In Lakh Total Alloca on (BE) to Protec on for Women

Protec on 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
Dowry Eradica on Programme 2.6 5.0 15.0 7.0 0.0 0.0
Eradica on of Witch System 50.0 5.0 5.0 0.0 20.0 20.0
Help Line Schemes 14.0 14.0 30.0 0.0 30.0 48.0
Establishment of Rehabilita on Centre for Rescued 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.0 50.0
Adolescent Girls/ An Trafficking Efforts-Tribal Area
Sub Plan
Protec on Home/ Nari Niketan/ Short Stay Home- 40.0 81.6 200.0 0.0 21.0 26.0
cum-Training Centre for Deserted women
Rehabilita on Centre for Mothers 40.0 25.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Widow Welfare 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0
Indira Gandhi Widow Pension 778.4 4311.0 9033.9 6170.5 16809.6
Financial Assistance to Women and Adolescent girl 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0
who are Vic ms of Rape and Domes c Violence
Total Protec on 146.6 909.0 4586.0 9040.9 6271.5 17005.6
Rs. In Lakh Total Alloca on (BE) to Empowerment for Women

Empowerment 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
Construc on of Working Women Hostel 79.0 70.0 30.0 0.0 212.0 192.0
Exhibi on Seminar, Conference 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26.0 29.0
Skill Development Programme for Women and 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155.0
Adolescent Girls-Women Welfare
Training for Development of Efficiency and 100.0 25.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Entrepreneurship of Women in Grants
For Conduc ng Office the Jharkhand Women 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 26.0 22.1
Development community-women welfare
Self-Employment Schemes for De-Cared Women- 13.2 21.1 18.8 27.3 29.4 31.0
Women Welfare
Training programme –Women Welfare (Centre 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190.0 190.0
Share-90%, State-10%)
SwadharGrih Scheme- Women Welfare 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.0
Hostel Construc on for Girls 0.0 475.0 300.0 1492.0 1509.0 1509.0
ICDS_BimaYojana for AWW/AWH- Women Welfare 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 77.0
Total Empowerment 222.2 621.1 403.8 1549.3 1992.5 2235.1

Rs. In Lakh Total Alloca on (BE) to Educa on for Women
Educa on 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
Construc on of Hostel Buildings (KBG School) 100 1550 1350 110 2130.4 4245
KBG Excluding Hostels 1867 2709 3400 4140 5000 5500
Free Cycle Distribu on 1740.00 2525.00 4895.00 5784.00 9230.00 500.00
Free Textbooks, Dress and Lamp 1500.00 1500.00 1337.30 1400.00 2000.00 2000.00
Free Educa on to Girls (including Higher Educa on) 350 910 910 465 675 685
Establishment of Women Colleges in Tribal Areas 0 0 0 400 400
Total Educa on 5557 9194 11892.3 11899 19435.4 13330
Rs. In Lakh Total Alloca on (BE) to Health for Women

Health (RCH) 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
RCH Communica on for Women 55.43 60.33 73.70 75.88 131.70 152.83
Total RCH 163.45 120.77 174.59 174.12 273.28 277.15
Rs. In Lakh Total Alloca on (BE) to Other Program for Women

Others 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
Bi ya Warsh-Administra ve Expenses- Women 0.0 0.0 0.0 200.0 0.0
Welfare
Mukhyamantri Kanyadan Yajana 1475.0 1000.0 1000.0 400.0 1500.0 1500.0
State Women Commission 50.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 80.0 90.0
Intercaste Marriage-Grant in aid-Social Welfare 6.0 6.0 11.0 10.0 20.0 20.0
Indira Gandi Matriywa Sahyog Yojana 0.0 0.0 0.0 200.0 900.0 900.0
State Resource Centre for Women 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.0 17.0
Ladli Laxmi Yojna 28787.0 15134.1
Total Others 1531.0 1056.0 1061.0 610.0 31504.0 17661.1
Annexure | 65
ANNEXURE 9
WOMEN SPECIFIC EXPENDITURE 2007 08 TO 2013 14 , ODISHA
Year BE (Rs In
RELakhs) AE
SP CP CSP Plan NP Total SP CP CSP Plan NP Total SP CP CSP Plan NP Total
2007-08 5925 1345 183 7453 18389 25842 4970 1978 1915 8863 18427 27290 5099 511 1737 7347 18074 25422
2008-09 11639 6899 1423 19961 338 20300 19678 15828 1929 37435 440 37875 16425 14522 955 31903 387 32289
2009-10 18966 2852 2956 24773 508 25281 20233 2956 3103 26292 796 27089 14544 1703 805 17052 449 17501
2010-11 27161 2058 1907 31126 542 31668 27491 4021 2996 34477 550 34957 51236 1000 125 52361 494 52855
2011-12 41370 3773 4649 49822 518 50340 53017 8787 7027 68832 516 69347 52838 3056 2976 58870 467 59336
2012-13RE 75155 4226 3078 82441 141 82583 74097 5959 6236 86171 147 86318 NA NA NA NA NA NA
2013-14BE 84907 7221 4351 96479 202 96681 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Source: Demand for Grants, Budget Document GoO
ANNEXURE 10
DEPARTMENT WISE WOMEN SPECIFIC EXPENDITURE, ODISHA
(Rs In lakh)
Year and 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Department RE BE
Health and Family 356.24 585.38 333.82 611.25 551.67 1253.35 1140.0
welfare (1.40%) (1.81%) (1.91%) (1.16%) (0.93%) (1.45%) (1.18%)
Higher Educa on 11.55 11.00 7.04 5.07 6.75 14 14
(0.05%) (0.03%) (0.04%) (0.01%) (0.01%) (0.02%) (0.01%)
Industries 223.07 295.15 355.48 392.58 648.98 0 0
(0.88%) (0.91%) (2.03%) (0.74%) (1.09%) (0.00%) (0.00%)
Law Department 0 25.82 24.55 29.56 29.36 44.35 44.35
(0%) (0.08%) (0.14%) (0.06%) (0.05%) (0.05%) (0.05%)
Rural Development 0 1426.06 0 0 0 0 0
(0%) (4.42%) (0%) (0%) (0%) (0%) (0%)
ST and SC 5484.04 4265.72 8866.31 33740.55 25937.63 24251.31 28420.26
Development, (21.57%) (13.21%) (50.66%) (63.84%) (43.71%) (28.10%) (29.40%)
Minority and
Backward Classess
School and Mass 0 2579.61 590.64 1006.49 4484.58 6421.55 12889.8
Educa on (0%)0 (7.99%) (3.37%) (1.90%) (7.56%) (7.44%) (13.33%)
Sports and Youth 1.35 0.15 1.5 1.5 1.38 1.84 48.42
development (0.01%) (0%) (0.01%) (0%) (0%) (0%) (0.05%)
Tex le and handloom 455.22 738.72 245.82 180.7 596.53 1601.79 331.52
(1.79%) (2.29%) (1.40%) (0.34%) (1.01%) (1.86%) (0.34%)
Women and Child 18890.23 22361.73 7075.68 16886.95 27079.31 52729.91 53792.59
Development (74.31%) (69.25%) (40.43%) (31.95%) (45.64%) (61.09%) (55.64%)
Total 25422 32289 17501 52855 59336 86318 96681
(100%) (100%) (100%) (100%) (100%) (100%) (100%)
Source: Demand for Grants, Budget Document GoO
Annexure | 67
Gender Budget Statement (2013-14): Alloca ons for Women
Plan/Non-plan Financial (In Crore) Physical (units)
Accounts Target for Achievement Target 2013-

BE 20 RE 2012-13 BE 2013-14
2011-12 2012-13 for 2012-13 14
GBS Structure
ANNEXURE 11
ANDHRA PRADESH 117
onale of Alloca ons for
Sr. No.
Name of the Scheme
Head
of account
Type od Scheme
(A/B/C/D/E)
Total
Women
Total
Women
Total
Women
Total
Women
Total
Units
Total
Units
Total
Units
Basis of Calcula on/Ra-
Women/girls
Jus fica on for in-
crease/ decrease
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 29

THE PROPOSED GBS FORMAT AND STRUCTURE
117 This format was proposed in a workshop organised by the planning department, GoAP in partnership with Centre for Rural Studies and Development (CRSD)
and UN Women in December, 2013. The workshop was organised with the objec ve to prepare the GRB strategy and road map. This also included discus-
sion and sugges ons on the GBS format and effec ve ins tu onal mechanisms.
SECTION ONE NARRATIVE
This section should be restricted to 4 to 5 pages and must include the following:
i) Describe the gender issues dealt with in the Ministry/Department and its policy on gender equality.
ii) Identify actions taken to promote gender equality in the last year. Describe both achievements and
constraints.
ii) Identify three priority gender-concerns or gender-gaps for the ministry/department (either scheme
wise or for the entire sector)
iii) Identify the concrete steps your min/dept will undertake this year to address these concerns.
• What budgetary resources are needed this year, if any, to implement these activities?
• Identify proposed outputs/outcomes/impacts of these activities
iv) What are the inter-sectoral issues required to be addressed by other Ministries/Departments to en-
sure the success of the initiatives?
SECTION TWO: FINANCIAL ALLOCATIONS AS PER THE ENCLOSED FORMAT
Type of the Scheme:

(A) Women specific programmes (100% provision) e.g. Working Women’s Hostel
(B) Pro-women allocations (at least 30% provision) e.g. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme
(C) Programmes with implicit gender concerns (less than 30% but more than zero) e.g. Rashtriya Krishi
Vikas Yojana, Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, etc.
(D) Programmes/schemes which impact gender but difficult to quantify/segregate (where allocations for
women cannot be segregated but impacts are proven or allocations for men which are targeted to
promote gender equality) e.g Total Sanitation Campaign etc.
(E) This should be for schemes that do not fall in any of the above categories (ie. A to D) and therefore
do not have any gender component.
N.B. Departments that do not have any schemes in category A to D, need not detail out all the schemes of
category E, but should give a NIL report under Section 2 but must give the total outlays etc. of the depart-
ment. (ie. must fill cols 5 to 7; 11 to 13; 17 to 19 and 23 to 25).
SECTION THREE EXPLANATORY NOTES

• Explanatory notes for Part A to E as given in detail in Vol. II of Expenditure Budget to also be shown
here.
• For Part A the explanatory notes should also disclose appropriations and surrenders and the physical
achievements of the schemes for the past three years.
• For Part B to E the explanatory notes should also include the basis on which the allocations for
women have been made. These may be either based on physical achievements of previous year where
sex-disaggregated data is available, proxy indicators or verifiable assumptions.
Annexure | 69
ANNEXURE 12
GBS FORMAT: PROPOSED BY PATHEY, GUJARAT
For 100 per cent women specific schemes:

FOR BUDGET ESTIMATES
It is very simple for filling the column, for example, widow pension, which is 100 per cent women-specific
scheme, for the next year’s budget outlay could be shown as unit cost of widow pension (Rs.9000 per year
or Rs.750 per month) multiplied by number of widows to be provided pension, that will lead to total
budget outlay for the next year for providing the widow pension.
FOR ACTUAL EXPENDITURE TO ASSESS THE GENDER RESPONSIVENESS OF THE

IMPLEMENTATION:
If the actual expenditure is more than the budget outlay, than the achievement is more than 100 per cent,
which means more widows have been provided the benefits.
The column of revised budget estimates has been deliberately kept to assess whether the budget out-
lay has been reduced or enhanced, which determines the number of beneficiaries.
Similarly, for each scheme, the format also suggests the set target of women beneficiaries and actual tar-
get achieved. This also provides impression about the seriousness of implementation for women-specific
schemes, if actual achievement is less that then projected targets.
FOR 30 99 PER CENT WOMEN SPECIFIC SCHEMES
The proposed format has been designed to assess the percentage outlay for women between 30 per cent
and 99 per cent outlay. The column should be filled like in first column the total budget outlay of RS. X
crore under scheme (Manav Garima Yojna for Self-Employment), and the budget outlay for women ben-
eficiaries Rs. Y crore (out of X amount) in the next column. If these two figures are filled, then it is easy to
calculate the percentage outlay for the women.
We have also added the next column for cross verification in terms of beneficiaries like if Rs. Y crore is al-
located for providing the benefits to women then with unit cost of benefits, it is easy to know the number
of beneficiaries.
The number of beneficiaries calculated from budget outlay with unit cost should match with the target set
for number of beneficiaries at the beginning of year.
Under the 30 per cent to 99 per cent beneficiaries table format, the proposed format suggest the total
beneficiaries’ target set at the beginning of year and target achieved at the closing of year. If data of ben-
eficiaries are filled, one can easily have the percentage of target achieved for women-specific allocations.

Beneficiaries Target and Achievement
Department/Ministry Part B Part B Part B Part B
(30% to 99% Women Specific (30% to 99% Women Spe- (30% to 99% Women Specific (30% to 99% Women Specific
Scheme) cific Scheme) Scheme) Scheme)
Social Welfare 2012-13 Actual 2012-13 Actual 2012-13 Actual 2012-13 Actual
PROPOSED FORMAT :
Type of expenditure/
Revenue/Capital
Name of scheme
Total Beneficiaries
Target
Total outlay for
women beneficiaries
% of outlay for
women beneficiaries
Unit cost
Total women benefi-
ciaries
Total expenditure for
women
Beneficiaries Target
Achievement
% of achievement
against set target
Beneficiaries Target
Unit Cost
Proposed Amount
Demand Sector
21 Social Major 2235-Social Manav X Y Z=(Y*100/x) a y a*Y X Y Z=(Y*100/x) X a X*a

Head/ Security Garima
Budget And Yojna
Head Welfare
2012-13 Actual
Part B (30% to 99% Women Specific Scheme)
21 Social Major Object Beneficiaries Achievement % of Unit Total Total
Head/ Head/ Target achievement Cost Beneficiaries Beneficiaries
Budget Scheme against set
Head target
Total A X X*100/A a x a*Z
2235- Social Manava Beneficiaries
Security Garima Women B Y Y*100/B a Y a*Y
and Welfare Yojna Beneficiaries
%of Women B*100/A Y*100/X % of
Annexure | 71
ANNEXURE 13
GBS FORMAT PROPOSED BY CYSD ODISHA
At the outset the state should bring out a gender budget statement: compilation of a statement—as state-
ment 20 in case of central ministries—which details the budget provisions for schemes that are substan-
tially meant for the benefit of women across all departments across all demands
a. Part A: details schemes in which 100 per cent provision is for women
b. Part B: schemes where the allocations for women constitute at least 30-50 per cent of the provisions.
c. Part C: schemes where the allocations for women constitute below 30 per cent of the provisions.
FORMAT FOR GB STATEMENT
Name of the Department

Type of Part A Women Specific 100% Part B General Expenditure (at least 30-50 %)
Expendi- Community base Individual base Community base Individual base
ture
No. of Amount No. of Amount No. of Amount No. of Amount
benefi- benefi- beneficiary beneficiary
ciary ciary M F M F M F M F
1.
This needs further research. Firstly, a gender budget cell needs to be established in the department. Each
department must prepare a GB statement accordingly and submit the statement to the Women and Child
Development department to compile the report and submit the same to the Planning and Coordination
department.
Budgets need to be analysed scheme-wise, sector-wise, category-wise and year-wise with their budget
estimates, revised estimates and the actual expenditure for an indepth understanding of the impact of
budgets on women.
Beneficiary impact assessment of women-specific allocations need to be undertaken.
GBA also need to include sex disaggregated data-base, area studies and time allocation studies, studies on
expenditure and consumption patterns among women of different communities, different social groups.
Gender Budget analysis should be able to expand its scope by doing a budget analysis in a life cycle ap-
proach of women for e.g. budgets for the girl child (pre-birth to adolescents), budgets for women adults
and so on.
Gender audit of schemes and programmes could also be conducted which could include questions
of whether the scheme itself is adequate recognizing the women specific needs and addressing those?
Whether the scheme’s objectives are sensitive to women’s issues?
ON GENDER BUDGET INITIATIVES
Gender budget initiatives should be planned from the outset for advocacy purposes ie. the sector, meth-
odology and objective should reflect the strengths and opportunities of participating organisations and
their analysis of entry points into influencing the Government.

| 73
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NATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR INDIA

State specific research Hilda Grace Coelho (Andhra Pradesh)

Technical inputs Yamini Mishra

Designed and printed by Aspire Design

ii | Assessing Gender Equality Investments: A Mul -State Perspec ve

Rebecca Reichmann Tavares

iv | Assessing Gender Equality Investments: A Mul -State Perspec ve

The publication ‘Assessing Gender Equality Investments: A Multi-State Perspective’ is a product of a

1 Krishak Samaj Seva Sansthan, Raisen

viii | Assessing Gender Equality Investments: A Mul -State Perspec ve

List of Abbreviations and Acronyms vii

Chapter 1 Gender Responsive Budgeting in Sample States: An Overview 7

Chapter 2 Assessing Priorities in Gender Equality Investments 17

Chapter 3 Assessing Implementation 35

Chapter 4 Conclusions and Recommendations 45

Annexure 1 Entrusted Responsibilities in the context of Gender Budget Work Plan, 54

Annexure 2 GBS Performa, Rajasthan 55

Annexure 3 BFC Units Covered Under GBS, Rajasthan 56

Annexure 4 Department Coverage in Gender Budget, Madhya Pradesh 59

Annexure 5 Department-Wise Women Specific Programmes (WSP) Expenditures and 60

Annexure 6 Expenditure Trends: Practical and Strategic Needs Across Schemes, 60

Annexure 7 Outlay under Women Component Plan, Gujarat 63

Annexure 9 Women Specific Expenditure (2007-08 to 2013-14), Odisha 66

Annexure 10 Department-Wise Women Specific Expenditure, Odisha 67

Annexure 11 Proposed Guidelines on Gender Budget Statement in Andhra Pradesh 69

Annexure 12 GBS Format Proposed by Pathey, Gujarat 70

Annexure 13 GBS Format Proposed by CYSD Odisha 72

x | Assessing Gender Equality Investments: A Mul -State Perspec ve

Box 1 : Difference between GBS and WCP 2

Box 2 : State Typology and Research Partners 4

Box 3 : BFCs and Departments included in GBS 2012-13 and 2013-14 21

Box 4 : Mukhya Mantri BPL Awas Yojna, Rajasthan 23

Box 5 : Locating Expenditure Priorities for SC Women in the Schedule 33

Box 6 : Details of Case Studies 36

Box 7 : Objectives of MAMATA 37

Box 9 : Nirman Bharat Abhiyan : Objectives 39

Box 10 : Gender Budget Statement (GBS): Issues and Recommendations 49

Table 1 : HDI, GDI and GEM Indicators of Sample States 8

Table 2 : Gender Budget Allocations in Madhya Pradesh (in Rs. crore) 19

Table 3 : Category Wise Beneficiaries of the Scheme and Percentage Break Up 24

Table 4 : IMR and MMR Odisha 36

Table 5 : Comparison between Beneficiary Costs and Unit Costs 42

Figure 3 : Percentage of Gender Budget vis-à-vis Total State Budget, Rajasthan 21

Figure 4 : GB Growth 2012-13 and 2013-14 22

Figure 6 : Proportion of Women Specific Programmes in Scheduled Caste 26

Figure 7 : Proportion of WC vs. Plan Budget of the State (2009-10 to 2012-13) 27

Figure 8 : Proportion of Gender Budget vis-a-vis State Women’s Policy - 28

Figure 9 : Total Allocations to Women Specific Programmes 30

Figure 11 : WSE as Share of State Budget (in %) 32

Figure 12 : Gujarat Rural Health Infrastructure in Tribal Areas 38

Figure 13 : Gujarat Health Indicators across Social Groups 39

Figure 14 : Percentage of Households with no Toilet Facility, AP 40

Figure 15 : Literacy Rate, Odisha, 2007-08 43

Figure 16 : GRB Status across Select States 46

Figure 17 : Level of Maturity of GRB I 46

xii | Assessing Gender Equality Investments: A Mul -State Perspec ve

The link between improved gender equality investments and

In this context, gender responsive budgeting or GRB has