Psychopharmacology Medication Management
Psychopharmacology Medication Management
Psychopharmacology Medication Management
(medication management)
Prepared by: JOEL N. NEBRES, RN
Types of Psychiatric Medications:
Antidepressants
> are the most commonly prescribed psychiatric medications.
> antidepressants work through the neurotransmitter serotonin and may also have effects
on norepinephrine and dopamine.
Example: SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
1. Fluoxetine (Prozac)
2. Sertraline (Zoloft)
3. Escitalopram (Lexapro)
4. Citalopram (Celexa)
SNRIs (Serotonin-norepinephrine Reuptake
Inhibitors)
1. Venlafaxine (Effexor)
2. Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
1.Clonazepam (Klonopin)
2.Alprazolam (Xanax)
3.Lorazepam (Ativan)
> they are prescribed to treat severe anxiety,
panic attacks and at times insomnia
> these medications are controlled substances
with the potential to cause addiction, so they
require close monitoring.
Stimulants
1.Lithium
2.Valproic Acid (Depakote)
1. Aripiprazole (Abilify)
2. Lurasidone (Latuda)
3. Risperidone (Risperdal)
4. Perphenazine (Prolixin)
5. Haloperidol (Haldol)
➢ These are used to treat psychotic illness such as schizophrenia or
schizoaffective disorder.
➢ They also have FDA indications for treatment of bipolar disorder and in
some cases can be used to improve treatment for depression.
Anti-anxiety Drugs (Anxiolytics)
1. Depression
2. Insomnia
3. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms
4. Seizures
5. Panic disorder
6. Itching
7. Nausea
8. vomiting
Side Effects of Anti-anxiety Drugs:
Isocarboxazid (Marplan)
Phenelzine (Nardil)
Selegiline (Emsam) – transdermal
patch (skin)
Tranylcypromine (Parnate)
Side effects of MAOIs:
Dry mouth
Nausea, diarrhea or constipation
Headache
Drowsiness
Insomnia
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Skin reaction at the patch site
Other possible side effects:
Involuntary muscle jerks
Reduced sexual desire or difficulty reaching
orgasm
Weight gain
Difficulty starting a urine flow
Muscle cramps
Prickling or tingling sensation in the skin
(paresthesia)
Basic Intervention for Tobacco Control
Amphetamines
Dexamphetamine
Betel nut
Caffeine
Cocaine
Ice
Khat
Synthetic cathinones
Nicotine affects everyone differently,
based on the following:
Dizziness
Headache
Nausea
Abdominal cramps
Possibly vomiting or weakness
The people who smokes regularly:
Mild stimulation
Increase in heart rate
Increase the ability to concentrate
Relaxation
Temperature reduction in the urge to smoke
Coughing, dizziness, headaches, bad breath
Tingling and numbness in fingers and toes
Reduced appetite, stomach cramps and vomiting
Taking nicotine in large amount:
Confusion
Feeling faint
Seizures
Fast breathing
Respiratory arrest (stop breathing) and
death.
Long term effects of nicotine:
Behavioral therapy
Cognitive therapy
Motivational interviewing – a distinct style of
counseling that is directive, patient centered,
nonconfrontational, non-judgemental, and highly
collaborative.
Acceptance and commitment therapy – focus
directly in psychological events
Contingency management & monetary incentives – a large body of
evidence (Ainscough et al. 2017) supports contingency management,
which involves the use of incentives (including money, gift cards, or
other tangible goods) to motivate people to change health behaviors.
Relapse prevention and recovery – most smokers make multiple quit
attempts before finally succeeding in quitting for good.
➢ indeed, one study estimated that smokers may make an average of 30
or more quit attempts before eventually succeeding (Chaiton et al.
2016)
➢ This means that most quit attempts end in relapse.
Intervention delivery modalities – research
demonstrates that behavioral therapy approaches
for smoking cessation can be delivered effectively
through face-to-face counseling (individually or in
groups) and brief clinical interventions (Fiore et al.
2008)
Self-help materials – have limited effectiveness when
they are not coupled with in-person or technology-
based interventions (Fiore et al. 2008)
Face-to-face counseling – wether delivered in
traditional health care settings, behavioral
health care settings, or community settings –
has traditionally been the gold standard for
behavioral treatment of nicotine dependence,
and its effectiveness is well-established in the
scientific literature (Fiore et al. 2008).
The 5A’s method as interventions: