EIB PRELIM Through this technology, they are able to fully 1. Cultural Identity. 7. Age Identity.

connect with someone who is thousands of miles Many definitions have been given when it Refers to the interaction of individuals
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION away in real. Take for example two students comes to culture but most of them coming from different age group. Countries
taking an online English course together; a constitute the idea that culture is an identity like the Philippines, China and other pay
Topic: Communication and Globalization student from China and another one from Japan. that sets group of people in terms of norms, much respect to the elders and values their
These students are able to share not only the language, beliefs, and values. These opinions into a great extent. Some Western
What is Globalization
content of the English class but their cultural elements in culture can be a factor to a countries like the United States, are less
Globalization is the process of integrating perspectives as well. This additional component is cultural communication when one opts to likely independent in making decisions and
people from various countries, nations, not a small detail. That kind of exchange opens up work in other places and even in their own take less attention to the advice of their
cultures, and governments into one global their sense of what parts of the world are countries with different individuals who also elders.
melting shoot. The process is driven by the available to them, which in turn lays the brought with them their own culture.
economics of free market capitalism, foundation for an evolved worldview. 8. The Roles of Identity.
international trade and investment. It 2. Racial Identity. Refers to the role each individual plays in
represents a merger of the developed world Pinpoints to an individual's sense of his/her lifetime. This may be as a father,
Online courses, e books, search engines, and
with the developing world, thus creating belongingness to a particular race. The mother, a wife or a husband, or a sister or a
other computer-generated education give more
new and dynamic mutually beneficial strength of this belongingness can be a brother, a boss or a subordinate and others.
people the ability to learn about subjects that
business models and cultural exchanges, factor on how he/she will interact with
used to require a certain level of income or social All of the factors mentioned contributes a lot in a
experiences, and considerations. others. Each race has its own sociological,
standing. Information isn't as limited and it allows cross-cultural communication's success or failure.
Global communication in its simplest terms political, and other contextual factors that
people the opportunity not only to receive The shared knowledge about them helps
involves communication either in between are deeply rooted within that group.
information but to enter into academic seats and understand better the diversity of people and
two persons or groups all over the world. contribute. Globalization creates a space for ideas
3. Ethnic Identity their means of communication.
This global communication is achieved in the to excel borders and social strata.
advent of technology (Skype, Viber, video Refers to the sense of being of the person as
defined by his/her membership of an ethnic Globalization is Beneficial to Many People
calls, emails, etc.). In here, communication
When one combines the access to new viewpoints group. It can also be referred to the group
becomes faster and accessible anywhere in
with access to previously highly shielded with which an individual identifies Through globalization, economic activity expands
the world. This also makes communication
materials, what one gets is the opportunity to himself/herself. globally, and every participating action can benefit
more crucial due to cross-cultural
create brand new worlds. When you can see the according to the economic value it brings to the
communication including different
world through new eyes, he or she has the 4. Gender Roles. stand.
workplace superiors, business leaders, and
opportunity to innovate and really develop new Refers to the expected role of men and
others. In this case people need to acquire
educational opportunities, rethink how and why women in the society. It is a common
skills to make cross cultural communication 1. Corporation within the developed nations
they communicate and create new systems to do knowledge that different countries of the
effective. can grow new markets by helping
both. One can create a more equitable world world have their distinct cultures on how
when one is able to come to the proverbial table developing nations increase their standard
The Impact of Globalization on Global women and men should act. It is important
and share ideas. of living, and
Communication to know these to avoid misunderstanding
2. Developing nations get to increase their
and misinterpretations of the roles each one
The Effects of Globalization in Global standard of living and build new
As technology progresses, the world is both has to portray.
Communication communities.
getting larger and smaller. Today one can
3. This is the hope and vision associated with
communicate with people across the globe at the 5. Individual Identity
the continuous expansion of the global
touch of a button. While globalization, or ➢ In comparison, connecting with people on Refers to what makes the individual who
economy.
communication between nations beyond their the other side of the world is now much he/she is as a person which distinguishes
4. Another wonderful benefit of globalization is
borders, is an old concept, with the onset of new easier than it was a few years ago. her/him from everyone else. These includes
that the world becomes more accessible and
technology, globalization is impacting the ways ➢ Satellites, fiber-optic cables and the internet one's personal experiences, attitude,
equitable in general
people communicate and learn in fascinating make it effortless to share information with religions, beliefs, self-concept, morals, and
ways. People are expanding their understanding of those in different time zones and locations. others.
fellowship and as they become more connected, ➢ Global communication is directly affected by The Dark Side of Globalization
they are deepening their educational experiences. the process of globalization, and helps to 6. Social Class.
The rise in the use of the Internet in particular has increase opportunities, remove cultural Refers to the social status of an individual The global economy presents unique challenges
been incredibly instrumental in improving the barriers and develop a global village. when he/she was born. It can also be to each developed and developing nation that
ways in which people connect with one another. ➢ Both globalization and global referred as societal division based on the participates.
communication have changed the economic, political, cultural, and status of an
1. The most common is the reduction of
People have the opportunity to view various environmental, cultural, political and individual
established economic and cultural values,
observations that are outside of their range economic elements of the world
which can create problems politically or
before because of technologies like the Internet. socially.
2. A well-known example is where companies Three Basic Actions to Reach Personal not having to prove yourself with Primary effect is based on initial
from various nations produce goods using Effectiveness external symbol perceptions of your self-projection.
child labour in sweatshops in a particular Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capacity
nation. Responsibility Managing your need for Director Control to perform in a specific situation.
Authority
3. This may be acceptable in that nation, but Choice Managing your own need to be liked
not in nations where the companies are "We are shaped by those who love us and those
located. Ineffective persons end up as losers. Ineffective Managing your Constructed Self who refuse to love us.”
persons believe they are victims of circumstances,
4. In the Philippine setting, the companies that of "bad luck" or fate. The core of personal effectiveness is your TWO FACES OF SELF-TALK
are owned by foreign people but the constructed self.
The effective person or the Winner is internally- Self-fulfilling prophecy
employees are Filipinos are living example of
oriented, FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CONSTRUCTED SELF: Self-imposed limitations
the saying, "Slave in one's own country".

5. Another example for some foreign investors The effective person assumes responsibility for o P-arenting Self-fulfilling prophecy is premised on the fact that
selling expensive products resulting to high whatever consequences that will arise as a result o I-nteraction our mind is like a powerful magnet.
income, in contrary to that they paid under of his/her decisions and action. o E-ducation
TO CREATE POSITIVE SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY
minimum salary to their employees. o C-ulture
IS TO:
Effective person attributes success to their skill o E-xperience
How Do We See Globalization in the Future and competencies. o S-elf-talk Try to see more possibilities
Personally effective individuals make things Eliminate self-defeating thoughts
The future of globalization and the part
happen. CHILDREN LEARN WHAT THEY LIVE Direct your thoughts to the positive
communication technology will play and have to
do with finding stability between the beneficial “I may make mistake, but I am not a mistake!”
aspect and the dark side of it. Finding this stability PROFILE OF AN EFFECTIVE PERSON
IF a child lives with criticism,
will require some political cost from all He learns to condemn. WAYS TO CHANGE NEGATIVE LIMITING BELIEFS:
THE WINNER...
participating countries. However, if they truly If a child lives with hostility,
consider what's at stake, most political leaders He learns to fight Imagineering
is always parts of the answer
should be willing to make essential or necessary If a child lives with ridicule; Experimenting
always has a program
cooperation or compromises. He learns to be shy. Affirming
says, “let me do it”
sees an answer to every situation If a child lives with shame,
Affirming can also be used to inspire, encourage
says “it may be difficult but it is possible” He learns to feel guilty.
and energize other members of your team or
If a child lives with tolerance,
PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS family.
THE LOSER... He learns to be patient.
ENHANCING PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS If a child lives with encouragement HOW TO STRENGTHEN THE CONSTRUCTED SELF:
is always part of the problem. He learns confidence.
Effectiveness is... always has an excuse If a child lives with praise, A-ccept failure
says “that’s not my job” He learns to appreciate. R-ealign your constructed self
Maintaining the balance of getting the sees a problem to every answer says “it If a child lives with fairness, C-onvert negative thoughts and control
desired results and enhancing personal may be possible but it is difficult” He learns justice. inappropriate actions
abilities and assets. If a child lives with security H-ave a vision
PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS IS... He learns to have faith.
Personal Effectiveness is... If a child lives with approval, MOOD CONTROL:
Managing your own Self-Esteem He learns to like himself.
Accepting yourself for what you are is the psychomotor skill of maintaining a
If a child lives with acceptance and friendship,
Self-Esteem is an inner attitude of: positive emotion in every situation you
Goals of Personal Effectiveness He learns to find love in the world.
encounter.
Self-respect
Accomplishing what you want o Your vision is the picture/image of
Sense of personal worth FOUR LIFE POSITIONS: the future you intend to create.
Actualizing your most important values State of valuing yourself o Effective visioning is like the work of
To be Effective is to: • I'm not OK-You're OK an architect.
Self-Esteem is a sense of:
• I'm OK-You're not OK
Assume authority • I'm not OK-You're not OK "Your vision of the future is your comprehensive
liking yourself
Accept responsibility • I'm OK-You're OK personal statement which will capture what really
liking to relate with others
Make a choice you want to happen in your life. and in your
feeling secure career. “
 o Vision without action is merely a Two trends of Intercultural Communication Need for managing DIFFERENT DINING ETIQUETTES OF DIFFERENT
dream Staff retention-less recruitment costs CULTURES
o Action without vision merely passes Globalization Working together - more productivity
the time. Multicultural Workforce Resolving Conflicts Seating
o Vision with action creates the future Team Management Eating
and changes the world. GLOBALIZATION Home/restaurant
The food
Globalization refers to the reduction and DO'S OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION Conversation Body language
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION removal of barriers between national
borders in order to facilitate the flow of Avoid Assumptions, jokes which are
goods, capital, services and labour. misunderstood
INTRODUCTION TO CULTURE Use symbols, diagrams and pictures.
Why do culture differ? MULTICULTURAL WORKFORCE Avoid using slang and idioms, choosing
words that will convey only the most specific
The phrase "multicultural workforce" refers
History denotative meaning;
to the changing age, gender, ethnicity,
Education Investigate their culture's perception
physical ability, and race, of employees
Social Backgrounds Take cultural and local differences into
across all types and places of work
Ethics account.
Religion Impact of Globalization- business sector Say what you do and do what you say. Make Diversity is a challenge as well as an opportunity
Economy e.g., Import and Export of food, electronic sure that your communication is line with which can have positive as well as negative
Technology goods, etc. to other countries. the audience; use understandable language. influence.
Building a business friendly environment Find out what cultural factors
with other nations. Acknowledging understanding, accepting, valuing
TYPES OF CULTURAL COMMUNICATION DONT'S OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION and celebrating the differences among people to
Impact of Globalization-Advancement in Film create equal employment opportunities.
Using the same approach world-wide.
Cross Cultural Communication Industry Considering traditional knowledge and THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH AS A BUSINESS
International Communication
practices as 'backward'. LANGUAGE
Multicultural Communication Spreading of multiculturalism, collaborations
Letting cultural differences become a source
Intercultural Communication –
of conflict that hinder the process or work. Three Stages:
For example: Endhiran Flim was persuaded
Fail to ignore culturally-dependent enabling
by animatronic technicians from other Old English. (449 – 1100 A.D.)
What is Intercultural Communication? and counteracting forces.
countries also.
Fail to take language barriers into account.
intercultural communication refers to the Period from 449 – 1100 A.D Germanic tribes
Increase in international travel and tourism who invaded England: Angles, Saxons, Jutes,
effective communication between people/ For example:
workers/ clients of different cultural Frisians.
Greater international travel and tourism.
background. It also includes managing North Americans view direct eye contact as Different origins of the Anglo-Saxon
For example: In 2008, there were over 922
thought patterns and non-verbal a sign of honesty kingdoms of Great Britain.
million international tourist arrivals, with a
communication. Asians view direct eye contact as a form of
growth of 1.9% as compared to 2007. Middle English (1100 -1500 A.D.)
disrespect
Examples for Cultural differences Worldwide sporting events
Arabic language is written from right to left The thumbs up sign in America and most of Period from 1100 - 1500 A.D Norman
and almost all other languages are written Europe means that something is good, or Conquest .
Worldwide sporting events such as FIFA
from left to right that you approve. This sign is considered English grammar, the "continuous" tenses,
World Cup, ICC world cup and the Olympic
In America, people shake hands, and even rude in many Asian and Islamic countries. with the suffix "-ing"
Games.
hug each other. But in India we just join Raising your hand up means stop in America
Modern (1500 – 1660 A.D.)
hands to say namaskar. Multicultural workforce or England. In some Asian countries this
gesture is used when asking for permission Modern English had two stages:
Need for Intercultural Communication Social backgrounds to speak o The Classic
Cultures
o The contemporary
Success of any International business Racial backgrounds
Around the time of William Shakespeare.
Allows workers from different cultures to Gender
work together as a group. Age
Worldwide marketing campaign. Regions
An increase in international Business. Religion
The Classic: Difference between Domestic Business and Internal Environment Components Of International Business
International Business Environment
From 1500 until 1660. It comprises the firm's business strategy and
More commonly associated with literary DOMESTIC BUSINESS decisions with regard to production, finance, Political Environment
language of William Shakespeare marketing, human resources and research Legal Environment
Great Vowel Shift. 1. It refers to the business where economic activities. Economic Environment
Printing press. transactions are conducted within the Since these strategies and decisions are Financial Environment
geographical boundaries of the one country. entirely made by the firm, they are Socio-cultural Environment
2. Buyer and seller belong to same country. considered as controllable elements. Technological Environment
3. Deals with single currency. Ecological Environment
ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA IN BUSINESS 4. Nature of customers is homogeneous Domestic Environment Demographic Environment
5. Degree of risks are low.
A Lingua Franca, originally Italian for Domestic environment means the
"Frankish language". INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS environmental actors and forces existing and
Specific English Communications in Business. operating at national level. Political Environment
English for specific business purposes 1. It refers to the business where economic It consists of factors such as competitive
transactions are conducted across border structure, economic climate, political and Political environment constitutes the type of
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESSES with several countries in the world. legal factors which are essentially government, the relationship between the
2. Buyer and seller belong to different uncontrollable by a firm. government and the business & the political
All commercial transactions that take place countries. risk in the country.
Domestic environment affects firm's
between two or more nations. 3. Deals with multiple currencies. There could be a dictatorship, one party
domestic as well as international business.
Globalization. 4. Nature of customers is heterogeneous. system (single party system), democracy,
5. Degree of risks are high. Foreign environment constitutional monarchies and so on.
GLOBALIZATION
Political factors include:
Entry Modes of International Business Foreign environment means the factors and o Form of Government and Political
Is not a new concept.
forces operating in a foreign country or Party System
The global integration of economies Import and Export countries with whom a firm in domestic o Political Ideology and Role of
The Global Perspective in Business. Licensing and Franchising economy wants to have international Government
Outsourcing and Offshoring business. o tax policy
Joint Venture and Strategic Partnership It consists of factors like social, political, o environmental regulations
CONCEPT OF INTERNAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Multinational Company economic, legal and cultural prevailing in a o trade restrictions and reform
Foreign Direct Investment foreign country. o Tariffs
Difference Between International Business and The firm can neglect them only at the cost of o political stability
International Business Environment Nature of International Business losing business in the foreign markets.
Legal Environment
International Business Complexity Global environment
Interdependence The international laws shall be binding in the
It is the purchasing and selling of the goods, Dynamic in nature Global environment means the factors case of a dispute are:
commodities and services outside its Inter-relatedness operating on worldwide basis or regional o Host country laws
national borders. Impact basis. Global environment is not confined to o Home Country Laws
Uncertainty just one country but entire world or a group The legal systems that exist in different
International Business Environment Relativity of countries. countries of the world are antecedents of
Hence, the impact of global environment is one of the two legal philosophies
It refers to the surrounding in which Advantages of International Business visible in a home country as well as foreign o Common law
international companies run their
countries. o Code (Civil) law
businesses. Helps in the expansion of business
It comprises of forces like world economic This generally includes legal factors such as:
Helps in to increase employment
conditions, international financial systems, o Copyright law
Exposure to more customers
international agreements and treaties and o Fraud law
Important source of earning foreign
regional economic groupings. o Discrimination law
exchange
Helps in improving the standard of living o Health and Safety law
Help in mutual growth o Import/Export law
Helps in the proper management of the
product life cycle.
Helps in improving GDP of nation
Attract foreign direct investment
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Economic environment refers to all the Technological ENVIRONMENT

external economic factors that influence
buying habits of consumers and businesses As technology continues to advance,
and therefore affect the performance of a companies can benefit from these
company. breakthroughs or face challenges in
Income levels need to be taken into account competing with them.
as they provide an indication of the Some of the most common technological
purchasing power of the market and allow factors are:
companies to adapt their marketing o New product development
concepts accordingly o New organisational styles
Some examples of economic factors o New management techniques New
affecting business are marketing techniques
o Interest rates o New production techniques
o Exchange rates o Networks, warehouse management,
o Recession electronic data interchange (EDI)
o Inflation o Web/Internet
o Taxes
o Demand/Supply Ecological Environment

Financial Environment Ecological factors influencing business are

connected to actions and processes
A financial environment is a part of an necessary to protect natural environment.
economy with the major players being firms, The GOI has drawn up an Environmental
investors, and markets. Green technologies, green products and
Monetary and Fiscal Policies: Inflation, green companies are highly valued in today's
interest rate, various kinds of duties and global market place.
exchange rates are the variables related to Ecological factors are:
the country's monetary and fiscal policies o Climate change Pollution
Balance of Payments Account: Controls on o Weather
movement of foreign exchange into and out o Availability of both non-renewable and
of their economies renewable resources
o Laws that regulate the environment
Socio-Cultural Environment o survival of particular biological species

International business must appreciate how DEMOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT

foreign culture is different from their home
country's culture and how this difference is Demographic environment refers to a
to be reflected in their business strategies. country's climate, topography, natural
There is a wide variety of social and cultural resources and people.
factors, some of them being: Common demographic variables to
o Level of education consider :
o Religion and beliefs o Size, growth rate, age composition,
o Consciousness about health issues sex composition etc. of the population
o Social classes o Family size
o Structure and size of a family o Economic stratification of population
o Language o Education level
o Aesthetic o Caste, religion etc.
o Attitudes and values
o Different lifestyles