Parth Public School, Gharaunda

Class-X(Information Technology-402)

Part-A Employability Skills

Unit- III ICT Skills
Session-1: Operating System
1.Q: What do you mean by system software?
Ans:- System software is a collection of one or more programs, that are designed to control and manage
the overall operation and performance of a computer system.
2. Q:- What are the various categories of System software?
Ans:-A system software can be classified into the following four categories:
a) Operating System
b) Device Drivers
c) Language Processors
d) Utility Software
3.Q:- What is Linux? Explain its features.
Ans:- Linux is the operating system that is available free of cost. It was developed by Linus Torvalds on
5th October 1991. Linux has become most popular because it is freely available, easy to use and operate
and also allows users to work on many programs at the same time. Some features of Linux are:
 Portable
 Open Source and Free
 Multi-User and Multiprogramming
 Hierarchical File System
 Shell
 Security
4. Q:- What is a Screensaver?
Ans:- A screensaver is a computer application that blanks the screen of the computer when it is inactive
or fills it with images or patterns to avoid phosphor burn-in on plasma and CRT monitors.
5. Q:- What are the features of Windows 7?
Ans:- Features of Windows7 are:
 Easy to use
 Multitasking
 Searching made easier
 Pinning to taskbar
  Aero peek
 Jump list
6. Q:- What do you mean by an icon?
Ans:- Small graphic symbols displayed on the desktop are called icons. Some icons present on the
Windows 7 desktop are: Files, Programs, Computer, Folders, Network Neighborhood /Network,
Shortcuts, and Recycle Bin.
7. Q:- What is taskbar?
Ans:- Taskbar is a long horizontal bar at the bottom of the desktop. Different parts of taskbar are:
1. Start button
2. Quick launch bar
3. Notification area
4. Show desktop
8. Q:- Name different versions of Windows Operating system.
Ans:- Different versions of windows are:
Windows 1, Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows
8, Windows 10, Windows 11
9. Q What is an Operating system? Give few examples.
Ans:- It is a program that acts as an interface between the software and computer hardware. It is a
specialized set of programs to manage the overall functioning of a computer and its resources. Some
common examples of operating systems: Windows, Macintosh (Mac), Linux, DOS, and Unix.

10. Q:- What security measures does an operating system provide to a computer?
Ans:- Following are the security measures which are used to protect the user’s data from threats and
intrusion:
a) Protection against unauthorised access through login and password.
b) Protection against intrusion by keeping the firewall active.
c) Displaying messages related to system vulnerabilities.

11. Q:- Explain the directory structure of DOS.

Ans:- A directory is just like a file folder which contains all the logically related files. DOS files are
organised in a hierarchical or an inverted tree-like structure. The files are further divided into directories
and sub-directories. The main directory is called Root Directory.
Important Concepts
Booting:- Booting a computer refers to the process of powering on the computer and starting the
operating system. The boot process loads the operating system into main memory or the random access
memory (RAM) installed on your computer. Two types- Warm booting, cold booting
POST:- Power on self test.

 The full form of BIOS is ‘Basic input/output System’ and POST stands for ‘Power on
Self Test’.
 BIOS is a sequence of settings of the motherboard whereas POST is a process of
testing its devices when powered on.
 BIOS is the first programme that runs while turning on the computer whereas BIOS
performs the POST.

Functions of an Operating System:

• Memory Management:- O.S assign the main memory to different processes.
• Processor Management:- Keeps tracks of processor and status of process. Allocates
the processor (CPU) to a process. De-allocates processor when a process is no longer required.
• Device Management:- Manage and share the hardware/ software resources of a computer
system.
• Security:- Secure the system and block unauthorized access to the system.
• Job Accounting:- It Keeps track of time and resources used by various tasks and users
• File Management:- OS keeps track of information regarding creation, deletion, transfer, copy
and storage of files in an organized way. It also maintains the integrity of the data stored in these
files.
Types of Operating System
On this basis of interface
1) Graphical User Interface (GUI):- This OS is graphic based and interactive in nature, like
Windows, MAC OS, Linux etc.
2) Command User Interface (CUI):-CUI is a way for users to interact with computer programs. It
works by allowing the user (client) to issue commands as one or more lines of text (referred to as
command lines) to a program. Examples are MS-DOS and the Windows Command Prompt.

1) Single user OS:- These OS support only one user to do one thing at a time e.g -Microsoft
Windows 3.1, Microsoft Windows 95 and Microsoft DOS
2) Multi-user OS :- This OS allow more than one user to use the same computer at the same time,
like Unix, Linux, Microsoft Windows 2000 onwards.
 3) Multitasking OS:- The ability to perform more than one task at the same time e.g –Microsoft
Windows 2000 onwards, Linux, Unix
4) Multithreading OS :- These OS allow different parts of an application or program to run
simultaneously, like Linux, Microsoft Windows 2000 onwards.
5) Real time OS:- Real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system intended to serve real
time application that process data as it comes in, mostly without buffer delay.
It is time-bound system that can be defined as fixed time constraints. In this type of system,
processing must be done inside the specified constraints. otherwise, the system will fail. i.e-
online ticket booking
6) Distributed OS:- These OS runs on the computers which are located in different geographical
areas, interconnected through a network. It controls these interconnected systems and makes
them appear to be a single computer.

Session- Basic Computer Maintenance

Q1) What do you understand by computer maintenance?

Ans:- Computer maintenance refers to the practice of keeping computers in good condition so that they
can work efficiently. The maintenance of computer is of two types:-
1) Hardware maintenance:- it refers to the maintenance of the hardware components of the computer
i.e- monitor, keyboard, CPU cabinet, mouse
2) Software maintenance: it refers to the cleaning of the softwares installed in the computer. It
involves the scheduled disk cleanup tasks, protection against viruses, removal of the temporary and
unwanted files etc.
Q2) What is the significance of computer maintenance?

Ans:- 1. Computer maintenance detects issues early, before they become problems.
2. Computer maintenance prevents against viruses and malware.
3 Computer maintenance speeds up your Computer.
4. Computer maintenance keeps operating system and other important software like Antivirus Software
up-to-date

Q3) What tasks are performed in computer maintenance?

Ans:- Computer maintenance includes:

1) Physical cleaning so as to remove dust and debris as these heat up a computer

2) Internal cleaning so as to keep computer applications and program keep virus free and
3) Keeping backup and updated software and programs.

Q5) What are the common tools for physical cleaning of a computer?
Ans. Common tools for physical cleaning are:- lint-free cotton cloth, water or rubbing alcohol, cotton
swabs, form swabs, cleaning brush etc.

Q6) Why it is necessary to use non-static generating vacuum for computer cleaning?

Ans:- It is important to select a vacuum cleaner for use with computer equipment that will not generate
harmful static because Electrostatic discharge harms sensitive computer components.

Q7) What is computer virus?

Ans:- A computer virus is a malicious program that self-replicates by copying itself to another program.
A computer virus spreads by itself into other executable code or documents. The purpose of a computer
virus is to infect vulnerable systems, gain admin control and steal user sensitive data.

Q8) Briefy explain

1) Worm:- A worm is a harmful software (virus) that repeats itself as it moves from computer to
computer, leaving copies of itself in each computer's memory. It is a program to eat disk space.
2) Trojan Horse:- A trojan horse is a program appearing to be something safe, but is performing
malicious tasks, such as giving access to your computer or sending personal information to other
computers. Trojan horses are one of the most common methods a computer criminal uses
to infect your computer and collect personal information from your computer.

Q9) Briefy explain

1) Junk Files:- junk file is a general name for temporary files, old program setup files, cached
thumbnails, and other bits of digital waste that pile up over time.
2) Temporary files:- Files created by the applications and programs for internal usage while
working. There is no use once an application program is closed.
3) Spam refers to the unwanted e-mails that you get from unknown senders. These e-mails are sent
for the purpose of advertising, spreading malware, phishing, and often contain inappropriate
content.

Q10) What is an antivirus software?

Ans:- Antivirus software is computer programs, which are designed to identify, prevent, and remove
viruses from a computer. Popular antivirus softwares are: Norton antivirus, McAfee, Quick Heal

Extra Questions
Q1) What are the signs of a virus attack on your computer?
Ans:- A virus can cause problems in a computer in many ways.
● Reduce the speed of a computer by decreasing the memory.
● Cause strange movements or patterns on the screen.
● Display unusual messages like “Your PC is stoned” etc.
● Increase the use of disk space and growth in file size as the virus attaches itself to many files.
● Frequent hanging of the system.

Q2) How can you protect your computer against virus?

Ans:- :
Virus attacks not only lead to data confidentiality loss, but they also affect the way in which our
computer system functions. We can protect our system from by using:
● Security Programs: ● Installation of Firewalls ● Secure Internet Access:
● Regular Security Updates: ● Avoid Spams ● Backups
● Scanning all Portable Devices

Q3) What is disk fragmentation and defragmentation?

Ans:- Disk Fragmentation : Fragmentation of disk means allocating data in non-sequence form.
Usually, data is stored in hard drive in sequence form but when we delete some older data from this
sequence. Sequence of data management is disturbed and data is looking like scatter form and also
when we update older data with a bigger size of data Operating System split entire data into small
packets and store data in different locations of storage area.
Disadvantages of the Fragmentation :
1. Read and Write time of data in disk increase
2. Efficiency and performance of disk decreases.
Disk Defragmentation : In this process, all scattered fragments (data) rearrange in such that they
come in sequence form with further utility program available in Windows. In this process program
first, check percentage of the fragment available in disk then Defragment all disk as can as possible.

Q4) Why are files used in computers?

Ans:- Files are used to store information in computers. Operating system organize the files in file
system. A File System defines the ways in which files are named and where they are placed logically for
storage and retrieval.

Q5) What is the difference between a file and a folder?

Ans:- : File:
1. A computer resource for recording data discretely in a computer storage device.
2. User can create, read, modify, delete and rename files.
3 Each file has an extension.
4. File works as a container to store data.
5 User can copy data from one file to another.
Folder
1 A directory that contains other file and folders.
2. User can create rename, delete and copy a folder.
3 Does not have an extension.
4 Works as a container to store related files and folders.
5 User can copy one folder to another folder

Q6) What is Recycle Bin? How can you empty its contents?
Ans:- The Recycle Bin in used by Windows computers to store deleted items. It temporarily stores files
and folders before they are permanently deleted. The way we can empty its contents is
1. Right-click on the Recycle Bin.
2. From the shortcut menu, select the option Empty Recycle Bin.
3. You will be asked to confirm if you want to permanently delete the files. Click on yes to delete

Q7) How can you delete a file from folder?

Ans:- To delete a file from the folder, follow the given steps:
● Select the file that you want to delete.
● Right click and select the Delete option from the drop-down menu.
● A message box appears on the screen asking for the confirmation to delete the file.
● Select Yes to confirm. You will find that the selected file has been deleted.

Part-B
Unit-1 Digital Documentation

Session-1 Styles in a Document

1. What is a style ?
Ans:- A Style in a word processor, is a named collection of various formatting features that defines the
look and behaviour of document components, such as a paragraph, or a page or a group of selected
characters etc., associated with this style.
2. What is the shortcut to open Styles and Formatting Window ?
Ans:- F11 is the shortcut to open Styles and Formatting Window
3. What is a paragraph style?
Ans:- Paragraph styles affect an entire paragraph. That is, these styles store the formatting features like
alignment, line spacing for a paragraph and when applied, these will affect a full paragraph.
4. What are different categories of styles in Writer?
Ans:-
a) Paragraph styles affect an entire paragraph.
b) Character styles :- these styles will affect only the selected characters such a work or some
selected text etc.
c) Page styles affect page formatting (page size, margin, and the like).
d) Frame styles affect frames and graphics.
e) List styles affect numbered lists and bulleted lists. These store formatting features like
numbering/bullet style, margins of list, line spacing and before and after spacing etc.
5. What are the advantages of styles?
Ans:- Styles are preferred way of formatting bigger documents for these reasons:
a) Styles helps to maintain consistent formatting in a document, e.g., all paragraphs will have same
font, size and line spacing etc.)
b) Styles make major formatting changes easily replicable across all the objects that have the same
style.
 c) Styles make formatting changes very fast just change the style's formatting features and it will be
instantly applied to all the places that are based on this style.
6. What is the importance of Styles and Formatting window?
Ans:- In Writer all the styles related information and management happens through a special dockable
window called styles and formatting window.
7. How do you open Styles and Formatting window in Writer ?
Ans:- There are three ways to open Styles and Formatting window
1. Click on Format Styles and Formatting window
2. By clicking on Styles and Formatting button on Formatting toolbar
3. By pressing F11 function key
8. How would you apply a style available in Styles and Formatting window, onto a document
object ?
Ans:- To apply a desired style on an object, all you need to do is:
a) Open Styles and Formatting window (F11 key)
b) Select the object on which a style is to be applied.
c) From the Styles and Formatting window, firstly select the style-type as per the Selected object
and then double-click on style name which is to be applied on it. It will apply the selected style
on the selected object (see above)
9. What is the utility of Fill format mode?
Ans:- Fill format mode is used to apply a style to many different areas quickly without having to go
back to the Styles and Formatting window and double-click every time.
Write steps to create and update a new style from a selection.
Ans= To create a new style from formatting of an object in the current document , steps are
1. Open the styles and formatting window (F11)
2. From icon bar of the window click on the type of style that you want to create.
3. In the document, select the item to save as a style.
4. In the style and formatting window, click the New Style drop down arrow and select new style
from selection from the dropdown menu. Create style dialog box will get open
5. In the Create style dialog box type a name for the new style. Click OK to save the new style.

10. Write steps to create new style using drag and drop method .

Ans = 1. Open the Style and Formatting window.

2. Now select the formatted object.

3. Drag the selection to the style and formatting window.

 4. It will now open the create style dialog box. In the create style dialog box, type a name for the
new style. Click OK to save the new style.

12. Write steps to load style from an existing file.

Ans= 1. Open the document in which you want to copy style.

2. Open style and formatting window.

3. In the styles and formatting windows, click on the new style icon on the top right and select the load
style option.

4. Select the checkboxes for the categories of style to be copied. Now click on From File option and
browse the file from where you want to load style.

5. The style and formatting windows will get updated and names of the newly loaded style will show
there.

Session-2 Images in a Document

1) Que:- List the different ways of inserting images in a document.
Ans:- The different ways of inserting images in a document are:
1. Inserting an image from a file
2. Inserting an image from Clip art
3. Inserting a scanned image
4. Inserting an image using drag and drop method
5. Inserting an image from the clipboard

2) Que:- Why do you group images?

Ans:- We can group shapes, pictures, or other objects. Grouping allow users to rotate, flip, move,
or resize multiple shapes or objects as though they're a single shape or object.

3) Que:-What is text wrapping?

Ans:- Text wrapping refers to how images are positioned in relation to text in a document,
allowing user to control how pictures and charts are presented. The options for this in Microsoft
Word are:
1) In-Line with text
2) Square
3) Tight
4) Through
5) Top and Bottom
 6) Behind Text
7) In Front of text
4) Que:- What is Clip Art?
Ans:- Clip art is a collection of pictures or images that can be imported into a document or
another program. The images may be either raster graphics or vector graphics. It is typically
organized into categories, such as people, objects, nature, etc., which is especially helpful when
browsing through thousands of images.

5) Explain any four Graphic filters.

Ans:-
1) Invert:- invert the colour values of a coloured image or the brightness values of a
grayscale image.
2) Smooth:- soften the contrast of an image.
3) Sharpen:- increases the contrast of an image.
4) Charcol:- display the image as a charcoal sketch.
5)
6) Explain Image Cropping
Ans:- Cropping is the removal of unwanted outer areas from a photographic or illustrated image.

7) What do you understand by Anchoring?

Ans:- Anchoring refers to the reference point for the graphics. This point could be the page, or frame.
An image always has an anchor point.
Session-3 Mail Merge
Q1) What do you understand by the term Mail Merge?

Ans:- Mail Merge is a useful tool that allows user to create and print multiple copies of a
document ,letter, label, envelope, name tags etc in one go. It is used to combine a data source with the
main document. It saves our time and energy to send letters at multiple addresses.

Q2) Name the documents that are combined while using the Mail Merge feature.

Ans:- Data Source and Main Document are merged together using Mail Merge.

Q3) Define the term data source.

Ans:- Data source consists of mailing list. For example, name, address, city, PIN, telephone number,
etc., whereas, the main document that contains the text that user wish to send to all the recipients.

Q4) What is a main document?

Ans:- Main document contains the text that user wish to send to the recipients.

Q5) What are the main steps involved in Mail Merge?

Ans:- Mail merge involves three basic steps - creating a main document, specifying a data source, and
merging the data source with the main

document.

Q6) What are labels? How can the Mail Merge feature help in printing

labels for the letters?

Ans:- Labels refer to the written or printed information used to identify the recipients. Mail Merge helps
us in printing multiple address labels on a single sheet.

Q7) What are advantages of Mail Merge?

Ans. Advantages of mail merge are :

1. It saves our time and efforts.
2. It helps to create multiple personalized letters in a very less time.
3. It also help to keep the formatting consistent in all the letters.
Q8) Give examples of databases in which the Data Source can be created.

Ans. Databases in which the Data Source can be created are :

1. MySQL
2. MS – Access
3. OpenOffice base
4. Oracle

Session-4 Create and use of Templates

Que:- What are templates? What are the advantages of using templates?

Ans:- A template is a predefined layout that contains sample content, themes, colours, font styles,
background styles etc. and gives an initial foundation to create a document.
A template is a model that you use to create other documents. One of the major advantages of using
templates is the ease of updating styles in more than one document. Another advantage is that it also
saves your time.

Que. What is the difference between styles and templates?

Styles Templates

A style is a set of formats that you can apply to

selected pages, text, frames, and other elements A template is a model that you use to create
in your document to quickly change their other documents.
appearance.

Styles help to keep formatting consistent in the Templates help to keep formatting consistent
 entire document across multiple documents

Que. Explain different ways of creating a template

Ans. Templates can be created in the following two ways

1. Creating A Template From A Document
To create a template from a document:
a. Open a new or existing document of the type you want to make into a template
b. Add the content and styles that you want.
c. From the main menu, choose
File > Templates > Save.
d. The template dialog box open.
e. Type the name of the template.
f. Click OK to save the new template
2. Creating A Template Using A Wizard

a. From the main menu, choose File > Wizards >[type of template required]
b. Follow the instructions on the pages of the wizard.

Session-5 Creating Table of Contents

1) Que:- What is TOC?
Ans:- The table of contents is a snapshot of the headings, subheadings and page numbers in your
document. It is necessary index, generally available in long documents, books, drafts, etc. It
includes titles or first level headings, such as Chapter names, and sometimes it even includes
second level headedness and occasionally third level headings.

2) Que:- List any 4 characteristics of a good TOC?

Ans:-
1. It should be easy to read and simple to use.
2. It should be organised and formatted properly.
3. it must be accurate and easily accessible.
4. It should be given after the title and copyright page.

3) Que:- What are Add-ins?

Ans:- An add-in is a program that can be attached to Word to give it additional functionality. Once
an add-in has been installed its functionality is available from any document. An add-in can be
thought of as a template that is always loaded when Word is open. Add-ins are specific to a
particular application.
 Unit-2 Electronic Spreadsheet (Advanced)
SESSION 1: ANALYZE DATA USING SCENARIOS AND GOAL SEEK
1) Que:- What is data consolidation?

Ans:- Consolidation means combining data from different sources to one place. It selects the contents
of the cells from several worksheets and maintains the collected data in a master worksheet.

2) Que:- Explain the use of Scenarios.

Ans:- A scenario is a set of input values that user can enter in a worksheet to perform calculations.
Scenario manager is an important tool of Excel, used to manage and view data for different input
values.

3) Que:- What is Goal Seek?

Ans:- Goal seek is a process of finding the input value when only the output is known or it helps to
obtain the input value that result in the target value that user want .

4) Que:- What is the basic difference between ‘ Scenario Manager’ and ‘Data Table’ tool?
Ans:- Scenarios and Data tables take sets of input values and determine possible results. A Data
Table works with only one or two variables, but it can accept many different values for those
variables. A Scenario can have multiple variables, but it can only accommodate up to 32 values.
SESSION 2: LINK DATA AND SPREADSHEET

Q1. How can we rename a worksheet?

Ans. There are three ways you can rename a worksheet

a. Double-click on one of the existing worksheet names.
b. Right-click on an existing worksheet name, then choose Rename from the resulting Context
menu.
c. Select the worksheet you want to rename (click on the worksheet tab) and then select the Sheet
option from the Format menu. This displays a submenu from which you should select the
Rename option.

Q2. What are the two ways of referencing cells in other worksheets?
Ans. Two ways to reference cells in other sheets: by entering the formula directly using the keyboard or
by using the mouse.

Q3. Differentiate between Relative and absolute hyperlinks.

Ans. Hyperlinks can be used in Calc to jump to a different location from within a spreadsheet. An
absolute link will stop working only if the target is moved. A relative link will stop working only if the
start and target locations change relative to each other. For instance, if you have two spreadsheets in the
same folder linked to each other and you move the entire folder to a new location, a relative hyperlink
will not break.

Q4. List the procedure involved in Linking HTML Tables to Calc Worksheet.
Ans. You can insert tables from HTML documents, and data located within named ranges from an
OpenOffice.org Calc or Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, into a Calc spreadsheet.
We can do this in two ways: using the External Data dialog or using the Navigator.
Using the External Data dialog
a. Open the Calc worksheet where the external data is to be inserted. This is the target worksheet.
b. Select the cell where the external data is to be inserted.
c. Choose Insert -> Link to External Data.
d. On the External Data dialog, type the URL of the source worksheet or click the […] button to open a
file selection dialog. Press Enter to get Calc to load the list of available tables.
e. In the Available tables/range list, select the named ranges or tables you want to insert. You can also
specify that the ranges or tables are updated every (number of) seconds.
f. Click OK to close this dialog and insert the linked data.

SESSION 3: SHARING WORKSHEET DATA

Q1. What is the purpose of adding comments?

Ans. Comments are mostly used in shared Calc sheet which is used to explain the changes made in the
sheet to the author of the sheet.

Q2. How can we add comments to the changes made?

Ans. Comments can be added as follows:
1. Make the change to the spreadsheet.
2. Select the cell with the change.
3. Choose Edit > Changes > Comments. The automatically-added comment provided by Calc appears in
the title bar of this dialog and cannot be edited.
4. Type your own comment and click OK.
After you have added a comment to a changed cell, you can see it by hovering the mouse pointer over
the cell.

Q 3. State True/ False

a. Original author of the Worksheet can accept or reject changes made by other users. -True
4. Fill up the blanks
a. Spreadsheet software allows the user to share the workbook and place it in the Network location
where several users can access.
c. Spreadsheet software can find the changes by Comparing Sheets

SESSION 4: CREATE AND USE MACROS IN SPREADSHEET

Q1. What are Macros?

Ans. A macro is a saved sequence of commands or keystrokes that are stored for later use. Macros are
especially useful to repeat a task the same way over and over again.

Q2. How can we record a Macro?

Ans. Steps to record macro are as follows
a. Use Tools > Macros > Record Macro to start the macro recorder. The Record Macro dialog is
displayed with a stop recording button.
b. Perform the actions you want to be recorded in the document.
c. Click Stop Recording.
d. The Macro dialog appears, in which you can save and run the macro.

Part-A Employability Skills

Unit- II Self- management Skills
Ch-6 Stress Management and its Techniques
Q:-1 What is stress?

Ans:- Stress is a feeling of emotional or physical tension. It can come from any event or thought that
makes you feel frustrated, angry, or nervous or Stress can be defined as any type of change that causes
physical, emotional, or psychological strain. Stress is your body's response to anything that requires
attention or action.

Q:-2 What are the various factors that cause stress?

Ans:- Some factors that can cause stress are the following:

● Threat

● Dangerous situations

● Irrational demands
● Societal or peer pressure

● Unrealistic goals

● Expectations

● Bad experiences

● Financial loss

● Discrimination etc.

Q:-3 Explain the importance of Stress Management.

Ans:- Importance of Stress Management:-

 Stress management allows a person to react positively in stressful situations.

 It helps to identify distinct stressors, which can either be good or bad. They can be self induced
or be triggered due to external situations
 After successfully recognising the stressors, stress management provides practical measures to
target those stressors.
 Stress management helps to bridge the gap between the available resources and the unrealistic
demands surrounding them.
 Stress management also enhances the physiology of a person. It boosts his immune system and
makes him healthy

Q:-4 What are the different types of stressors?

Ans:- Stressors, which can either be good or bad. They can be self-induced or be triggered due to
external situations. They can be categorised as:

 Positive stressor
 Dangerous stressor (leads to stressful situations)
 Irrelevant stressor

Q:-5 Name some stress management techniques.

Ans:- Some stress management techniques are:-

 Physical Exercise
 Yoga
 Vacation with Friends and family
 Taking Nature Walk etc.

Q:-6 Sometimes the stress can be helpful. Explain with help of an example.

Ans:- Stress does not always have a negative impact on us. It can sometimes be useful and help us to
accomplish great things. For instance, some challenges are difficult to face and cause stress; and yet,
they help us to push our limits. This is known as 'eustress'. Eustress provides us with energy and
motivation to achieve our goals.

Q:-6 Briefly explain how going on vacations with family and friends reducing stress?

Ans:- You know that stress is a normal thing to happen to you. However, you should not allow it to
obstruct your performance and this can be done by living life in the moment, enjoying with family and
friends whenever possible, ‘thought-stopping’ or not thinking too much, going on vacations and
holidays whenever time and resources permit. Researchers say that a good vacation helps us to
reconnect with ourselves

Q:- 7 How does meditation helps in reducing stress?

Ans:- Meditation helps us in enhancing our mindfulness. Regular meditation can bring abundance of
peace to your mind and calm and composure to your body. People who are successful in their chosen
field have managed and overcome their day-to-day stress by meditating.

Ch-7 Ability to work Independently

Q:-1 List any four elements that keeps a person motivated.

Ans:- F our elements that keep a person motivated are:

 Personal drive to achieve, the desire to improve, or to meet specific standards

 Commitment to personal or organisational goals
 Initiative or readiness to act on opportunities
 Optimism, which is the ability to continue and pursue goals in the face of failure.

Q:-2 Explain the advantages of working independently.

Ans:- Advantages of working independently includes:

● Boosts self-confidence: Independent people are likely to be more confident in handling problems
affecting their lives.

● Makes the person self-reliant: An independent person is resourceful and relies only on himself.

● Makes the person emotionally independent: Independent people experience challenging life
situations without involving other people.

● Makes decision-making an easy task: People who are emotionally and financially dependent on
others cannot make strong and timely decisions.

● Brings out the best in a person: Having a free and independent mind gives the freedom to explore
one's own skills and talents, which ultimately brings out the best in a person.

● Increases self-value and self-esteem

● Makes the person accountable etc.

Q:-3 Why is self-regulation important for becoming independent?

Ans:- Self-regulation is important for becoming independent:

● The self-regulation is important to become independent as we can say that the fundamentals of being
independent are the ability to work on your own, with minimal direction, confidence, self-awareness,
self-motivation, and selfregulation.

● It teaches how to respond to the difficulties and challenges that you might face in your everyday lives.
It also instills a sense of being in control of your own learning and success.

Q:-4 Define Self-regulation.

Ans:- Self-regulation involves being able to control reactions to emotions like frustration or excitement.

Q:-5 Arnita is preparing a lecture for her students on self-motivation. Which skills should she
highlight to help the students become self motivated and take charge of their learning?

Ans:- Arnita should possess the following skills in order to help the students become self-motivated and
charge of their learning.

● She should set high but realistic goals

● She should take an appropriate level of risk

● She should look for constant feedback in order to improve

● She should be committed to personal or organizational goals

● She should utilize opportunities

● She should continue to Pursue goals despite setbacks.

Q:-6 Explain two different types of self-awareness.

Ans:- Two types of self-awareness:-

Internal Self-awareness:- This type of self-awareness represents how we see our values, passion,
aspirations, thoughts, feelings, behaviors, strengths, weaknesses, and their impact on others. For
example, feeling nervous when you realise that your teacher has caught you lying.

External Self-awareness:- This type of self-awareness requires understanding how other people
perceive us. External self-awareness often surfaces in situations when people are the centre of attention.
For example, while giving a presentation or talking to a group of friends.
● Example: Suppose a child took a test and performed well. To achieve this result, he might have
planned his schedule, prioritised his activities, set up a daily routine, etc. The situation was a bit
stressful, but the child managed to reduce the effects of stress by planning well.

Extra questions:-

1. Define environmental Stress.

Ans:- Environmental stress is generated by the uncomfortable feeling of things/ situations in the
surroundings such as noise, crowd, extremely hot or cold climate, continuous rain, impending flood,
rising price hikes, old and ailing parent, a mischievous classmate, a noisy neighbour, a complaining
friend, demanding parents, an overtly strict teacher, a bullying senior etc. Some of these factors may be
within your control while others may be beyond your control.

2. Explain Survival Stress.

Ans:- It is generated by a do-or-die crisis situation and is a common response to such dangers by human
beings and animals alike. This kind of stress puts you in danger of immediate harm-physical or psychic
3. What is Self-motivation?
Ans:- Self-motivation refers to your ability to identify effective methods of getting yourself to move
from thought to action. Every human being is different. Some individuals are highly self motivated
while others require the imposition of external deadlines or some type of reward or penalty in order to
move from thought to action. Identifying your specific needs in this area is the first step.
4. What is self-awareness?
Ans:- Self-awareness refers to your knowledge and understanding of yourself – your emotions, beliefs,
values, biases, knowledge base, abilities, motivations, interests, etc. Your self-awareness includes
recognition of your own personality, your strengths and weaknesses, your likes and dislikes. It makes
you conscious of your own moods, emotions and drives.