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Module 2 - Domain and Range of A Functions

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86 views

Module 2 - Domain and Range of A Functions

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Zhaena Julien Balce
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© © All Rights Reserved
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CALCULUS 2: CHAPTER 2 LECTURE MODULE 2 TopIc2 DOMAIN & RANGE OF FUNCTIONS From the previous module, we have reviewed some of the basic concepts of functions. These include introducing relations, evaluating functions and finding for the equation of a function, We have also presented the vertical line test in which graphs were given to identify the representations of functions. Calculus is the mathematics that describes changes in functions, In this module, we will investigate methods for determining the domain and range of functions. We will define polynomial, rational, trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions for the succeeding modules as well. We review how to evaluate these functions, and we show the properties of their graphs. We provide examples of equations with terms involving these functions and iustrate the algebraic techniques necessary to solve them. Hence, we are going to deal with functions on a more extensive approach, It is essential to be familiar and comfortable with these ideas before praceeding to the formal introduction of calculus in the next chapters. Atthe end of this lesson, the student will be able to: 1, determine the domain and range ofa function; 2. examine and analyze the basic types of functions. 1.1 Module 1: A Brief Review ‘Afunetion is a special type of relation in which each element ofthe first sets related to exactly one element of the second set. The element of the first set is termed the input; the element of the second set is called the output. Functions are used al the time in mathematics to describe relationships between two sets or the dependence of one setto another. For any function, a unique outputis determined for every input, so we say that the outputs a function of the input. To add more to our previous examples, areas of plane figures are dependent to the measurement of thelr sides. The area ofa circle is determined by radius, so we say that the area (output) is a function ofits radius (input). The cost of mailing a package isa function of the weight of the package. The heavier a package is, the costlier itis. ‘We often use x to denote the input and y to denote the output associated with x. When doing so, we refer to xas the \dependent variable andy as the dependent variable, because it depends on x. Using function notation, we write (2), and we read this equation as "y equals f of x" However, functions are not limited to x-y variables. One may y ‘assign variables of ease to present the equation ‘The concept of function can be visualized as follows: Input. tpt ~0O 2 +00 2 is open as itis excluded from the domain, The intervals are (-,-2) and (-2, +). Again, the next step to the solution isto take any value from the Intervals. You may assign your own. For (-e, 2), let us try -3 For (-2, +00), letus try 5, Substitute these values from the function and see where t ‘which the function becomes real are part ofthe domain! e function yields toa real number. Those intervals over For (-,-2):2=-3 For (-2,+00):x=5 1eo=73 fe = Itis safe to presume that only (-2, +20) makes the function real atany value. ‘Therefore, the domain of the function i (-2, +0), 1.4 Range of Functions Range becomes easy once the domain of a function is determined successfully, Just like the domain, range is expressed in terms of either set-builder or interval notation. But what makes it distinct from a domain? Unlike domains, ranges depend on the set of values of the dependent variable y given its domain. Ifxand y are related by the equation y the domain is called the range. (a), then the set of outputs (y values) that result when x varies aver Example 5: Evaluating the Range Evaluate the range of f(x) = 2? +4. Solution: From Example 4, the domain of a polynomial is the “set of all real numbers" or (co,-+22). Evaluate the function. ‘What would be the values off) when you substitute values of x from the domain? You would realize that with (~ce, +c), the function never becomes negative, Neither will italso become zero as the least value of the function would be 4 when atx atx faxes faxes fa) = res Fa) = (OF +4 f= 8 f@=4 ‘The range ofthe function, therefore, is [4, +00). Example 6: Evaluate the range of f(x) = VF=37 Solution: ‘The domain ofthe function is [2,2] from Example 2 Here, f(x) becomes 0 at either -2 and 2, The highest value f(x) could be is at f(x) = 2 when x = 0, Therefore, the range of Vt = #7 is [0, 2] ENGR. ARISTON C. TALOSIG wa | Page LECTURE MODULE 2 CALCULUS 2: CHAPTER Lecturer’s Note: You will understand more of the function's range when we discuss asymptotes on the latter part ‘of Unit 1. While you may still struggle in absorbing every detall in this module, It would be beneficial to note these significant processes in solving domains: [TY] Given a function written in equation form, find the domain, 4. dently dhe input values. 2. ‘Identify any restrictions onthe input and exclude those values from the domain 3. Write the domain in interval form, if possible. Given a function written in an equation form that includes a fraction, find the domain. 4. Identify the input values. in 2. Identify any restrictions on the input, If there is a denominator in the function's formula, set the denominator equal to zero and solve for x . If the function's formula contains an even root, set the radicand greater than or equal t00, and then solve. ‘3. Write the domain in interval form, making sure to exclude any restricted values from the domain. Given a function written in equation form including an even root, find the domain, 4. dentify the input values. 2. Since there isan even root, exclude any real numbers that result in a negative number in the radicand. Set the radicand greater than or equal to zero and solve for. terval form, 3. The solution(s) are the domain of the function. If possible, write the answer in Can there be functions in which the domain and range do not intersect at all? Yes. For example, the function f(2) ‘real numbers as its range. = & has the se of al positive real numbers as its domain but the set ofall negative ‘Asa more extreme example, a function's inputs and outputs can be completely different categories (for example, names of weekdays as inputs and numbers as outputs, as on an attendance chart) n such cases the domain and range have no ‘elements in common, Evaluate the domain and range of the following functions. Note: Ask the lecturer for answers after you tr. 1. Whatis the most important thing you learned? Why do you think so? 2. What surprised you on the things you learned on this topic? 3. What could be the hardest process regarding this topic? ENGR. ARISTON C. TALOSIG 15 | Page

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