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Protective relays are devices used in electrical power systems to detect abnormal operating conditions such as overcurrent, overvoltage, under frequency and other faults. The protective relay continuously monitors the electrical system and sends a signal to isolate the faulty section if an abnormality is detected, helping to prevent equipment damage and maintain system stability. Protective relays are essential for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of power systems by protecting equipment from damage due to faults.

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16 views3 pages

PSP Mid

Protective relays are devices used in electrical power systems to detect abnormal operating conditions such as overcurrent, overvoltage, under frequency and other faults. The protective relay continuously monitors the electrical system and sends a signal to isolate the faulty section if an abnormality is detected, helping to prevent equipment damage and maintain system stability. Protective relays are essential for ensuring the safe and reliable operation of power systems by protecting equipment from damage due to faults.

Uploaded by

Marupaka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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what is a protective relay?

explain its function in an electrical


system. In the power system subject
A protective relay is a device used in electrical power systems to detect abnormal
operating conditions, such as overcurrent, overvoltage, under frequency, and other
faults, and to initiate appropriate corrective actions, such as tripping circuit breakers or
opening disconnect switches. The function of protective relays is to protect electrical
equipment, such as generators, transformers, transmission lines, and distribution lines,
from damage due to abnormal operating conditions.

The protective relay is designed to monitor the electrical system continuously and to
detect any abnormal operating conditions. If an abnormal condition is detected, the
protective relay will send a signal to the protective device, such as a circuit breaker, to
trip and isolate the faulty section of the electrical system from the rest of the system.
This action helps to prevent damage to the equipment and to maintain system stability.

Protective relays are essential components in electrical power systems. They help to
ensure the safe and reliable operation of the electrical system by protecting the
equipment from damage due to abnormal operating conditions. The selection and
coordination of protective relays is a critical task in the design and operation of power
systems, and requires careful consideration of various factors, such as the type and
location of the equipment being protected, the fault current levels, and the operating
conditions of the system.

explain functions of protective relay used in electrical system in brief


and
Sure! Here are the functions of protective relays used in an electrical system, explained
briefly and in point-wise form:

1. Sensing: Protective relays continuously monitor the electrical system for


abnormal conditions, such as overcurrent, overvoltage, underfrequency, and
other faults.
2. Detection: When an abnormal condition is detected, the protective relay sends a
signal to the protective device, such as a circuit breaker, to trip and isolate the
faulty section of the electrical system from the rest of the system.
3. Discrimination: Protective relays are designed to discriminate between faults that
occur within the protected equipment and faults that occur outside the protected
equipment. This helps to minimize the number of unnecessary trips of protective
devices.
4. Coordination: Protective relays are coordinated to ensure that the protective
device closest to the fault operates first, while the other devices operate in
sequence to isolate the fault.
5. Backup protection: Protective relays provide backup protection to the primary
protective devices. If the primary protection fails to operate, the backup
protection will trip the appropriate circuit breaker to isolate the fault.
6. Monitoring: Protective relays also monitor the condition of the equipment, such
as temperature, pressure, and vibration, to detect any abnormal operating
conditions that could lead to a fault.
7. Communication: Protective relays can communicate with other devices in the
electrical system, such as control systems, to provide information about the
status of the equipment and to coordinate the operation of protective devices.

Overall, the function of protective relays is to protect the electrical equipment from
damage due to abnormal operating conditions and to maintain system stability.

derive the equation for torque developed in an induction


relay.in power system subject
It's important to note that there is no such thing as an "induction relay". It's possible
that you may be referring to an induction motor, which is a common type of motor used
in power systems.

The torque developed in an induction motor can be expressed by the following


equation:

T = (3 * V * E * sin(theta)) / (2 * pi * f * R2)

Where:

T = Torque developed in the motor V = Line voltage of the power system E = Induced
voltage in the rotor theta = Phase angle between the voltage and current in the motor f
= Frequency of the power system R2 = Rotor resistance of the motor

The induced voltage in the rotor, E, can be expressed by the following equation:

E = (s * V) / (2 * pi * f * K)

Where:
s = Slip of the motor (the difference between the synchronous speed and the actual
speed of the rotor) K = Motor constant

Substituting this expression for E into the torque equation gives:

T = (3 * V^2 * s * sin(theta)) / (2 * pi * f * R2 * K)

Therefore, the torque developed in an induction motor depends on the line voltage,
rotor resistance, slip, and phase angle between the voltage and current in the motor.

what are the important types of electro magnetic attraction relays


Electromagnetic attraction relays are a type of electromagnetic relay that operate by
using the magnetic force to attract an armature towards a fixed core. There are several
types of electromagnetic attraction relays that are commonly used in electrical systems,
including:

1. Attraction-type overcurrent relays: These relays operate when the current in a


circuit exceeds a predetermined value. They are used for the protection of
transformers, generators, motors, and other power system equipment.
2. Differential relays: These relays are used for the protection of transformers,
generators, and other power system equipment. They operate based on the
difference in current between two circuits, and are used to detect internal faults
in the protected equipment.
3. Distance relays: These relays are used for the protection of transmission lines and
other long-distance power system equipment. They operate based on the
measurement of the impedance of the line, and are used to detect faults that
occur at a distance from the relay location.
4. Directional relays: These relays are used to protect transmission lines and other
power system equipment from faults that occur in a specific direction. They
operate based on the measurement of the phase angle between the voltage and
current in the circuit.
5. Under/overvoltage relays: These relays operate when the voltage in a circuit falls
below or exceeds a predetermined value. They are used for the protection of
generators, transformers, and other power system equipment.
6. Overall, electromagnetic attraction relays are an important component of
protection schemes used in power systems, and are used to detect and isolate
faults in a timely and efficient manner to ensure the safe and reliable operation of
the electrical system.

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