FUNCTIONS

Lesson 1: Concepts of Functions REPRESENTATION OF FUNCTIONS

Representation Examples
RELATIONS
A relation is a rule that relates values from a set {(4,2), (-9,0), (4,-2), (7,1), (-3,-8)}
Ordered Pairs
of values (called the domain) to a second set of values
(called the range).
A relation is a set of ordered pairs. ( x , y ) Input Output
1 2
Table of Values
➢ The domain is the set of all x values or set of 2 4
3 6
first coordinates in the relation.

➢ The range is the set of all y values or the set of Mapping/

second coordinates in the relation. Diagram

Example of Relation:
A. {(2,3), (-1,5), (4,-2), (9,9), (0,-6)}
Domain: { 2,-1,4,9,0 }
Range: { 3,5,-2,9,-6 } Graphs

B. {(4,2), (-9,0), (4,-2), (7,1), (-3,-8)}

Domain: { 4,-9,4,7,-3} Equations 𝑥2 + 𝑦3 − 4 = 0
Range: { 2,0,-2,1,-8}

ORDERED PAIRS
Function
Examples Domain
or Not
{(3,2),(4,0),(5,1),(2,3)} {3,4,5,2} F
{(1,2),(0,3),(1,6),(5,4)} {1,0,1,5} NF
{(3,4),(3,0),(3,1),(3,3)} {3,3,3,3} NF
{(4,2),(3,2),(6,2)(5,2)} {4,3,6,5} F

TABLE OF VALUES
X Y
This relation can be written -2 -2
{(1,6), (2,2), (3,4), (4,8), (5,10)} -1 2
FUNCTION
0 6
1 10
2 14
FUNCTIONS
A function is a relation in which each element of Time (Hours) Distance (miles)
the domain corresponds to exactly one element of the 2 90
range. 3 135 FUNCTION
There is one and only one output (y) with each 5 225
input (x) 6 270
Function Notation Input Output
3 0
Read as: “y is equals 4 7 NOT
to f of x”
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) “y is equals to the
5
4
10
14
FUNCTION
function of x”
10 25
MAPPING / DIAGRAM EQUATIONS
Examples Relation Function or Not If the function y is raised to an even number, the
equation is not a function.
One-to-one 𝑥2 + 𝑦 = 1 FUNCTION
Function
Relation 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = 1 NOT FUNCTION
𝑥+𝑦 =1 FUNCTION
𝑥 + 𝑦2 = 1 NOT FUNCTION
Many-to-one
Function 𝑥 + 𝑦6 − 4 = 0 NOT FUNCTION
Relation 𝑥3 + 𝑦9 = 0 FUNCTION

Different Types of Functions

One-to-many 1. Polynomial Functions
Not Function
Relation 1.1 Linear Function
- a polynomial function in the first degree
- define by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏, where 𝑚 and 𝑏 are real
numbers.
Not all elements 1.2 Quadratic Function
Not Function
are represented - a polynomial function in the second degree
- define by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏,
and 𝑐 are real numbers and a ≠ 0 .
GRAPHS
2. Constant Function
The Vertical line Test for a function states that if each
- is a special polynomial function and defined by
vertical line intersects a graph in the x-y plane at
exactly one point, then the graph illustrates a the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐, where 𝑐 ∈ ℝ
function. * The graph of a constant function is a horizontal line.

3. Rational Function
𝑔(𝑥)
FUNCTION - is defined by the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = ℎ(𝑥), where in
𝑔(𝑥)𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ(𝑥) are both polynomial functions.

4. Radical Function
- is defined by the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑛√𝑔(𝑥),
NOT FUNCTION where in 𝑔(𝑥)is a polynomial function and n is
non-negative integer greater than 1.

5. Exponential Function
- is defined by the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑥 , where
𝑎 ≥ 0 and 𝑎 ≠ 1.
FUNCTION
6. Logarithmic Function
- is defined by the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = log 𝑎 𝑥, where
𝑎 ≥ 0 and 𝑎 ≠ 1.

7. Piecewise Function
- is a function whose definitions involve more
than one formula.
NOT FUNCTION - is also defined by multiple subfunctions, where
each subfunction applies to a certain interval of
the main function’s domain.
-
APPLICATION OF FUNCTIONS
Determine whether each relation is a function or not.
1. Given a function C that can represent the cost of A teacher to One-to-many NOT
buying x meals, if one meal costs Php 40. her students Relation FUNCTION
Represent the cost per number of meal(s). A boss to his One-to-one
FUNCTION
employee Relation
Solution:
Let C = cost One-to-one
A happy couple FUNCTION
x = no. of meals Relation
A mother to One-to-one
FUNCTION
C(x) = Cost per number of meals; since each meal her child Relation
costs Php 40 then… A shop and its One-to-many NOT
costumers Relation FUNCTION
C(x) = 40x
Kids Many-to-one
FUNCTION
to his mother Relation
x C(x)

1 40
2 80
3 120

2. A user is charged P 300 monthly for a particular

mobile plan, which includes 100 free text
messages. Messages in excess of 100 are charged
P1 each. Represent the monthly cost for text
messaging.

Solution:
Let t = cost of text message
sent a month
m = no. of text messages
sent a month

t (m) = cost per no. of text messages

sent a month

300 ; 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑚 ≤ 100

𝑡(𝑚) = {
300 + (𝑚 − 100); 𝑖𝑓𝑚 > 100

m t(m)

90 300

100 300

105 305