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Mathematics in the

Modern World
MMW 103
Jensen Niño P. Baking
Instructor I, College of Arts and Sciences
“Mathematics, as much as music or any
other art, is one of the means by which we
rise to a complete self-consciousness. The
significance of Mathematics resides
precisely in the fact that it is an art; by
informing us of the nature of our own
minds, it informs us much that depends on
our own minds.”

– John William Navin Sullivan


Mathematics is a valuable tool for exploring
nature and our surroundings. The study of
patterns in nature and the environment is a
natural extension of mathematics.
Mathematics may be observed in almost
every situation and is used to explain the
most frequent phenomena.
Even in the most ordinary parts of the
house, such as the room and the
streets, mathematics can be found. This
is one subject that is regarded to be the
only objective language by which
individuals in the current world
communicate with one another.
The history and usefulness of patterns
and numbers can be traced back to the
origins of mathematics. It is concerned
with human-created thoughts and ideas
that were transformed into products. They
were created to connect the meaning of a
pattern to the perception of counting,
sequence, and regularities.
Mathematics is embedded in our daily
lives, both formally and informally. It's
used in a variety of fields, including
technology, business, healthcare,
natural and data sciences, machine
learning, and construction.
It aids in the organization of
patterns and regularities in the world,
the prediction of nature and
phenomenal behavior in the world,
and the management of nature and
happenings in our world for our
advantage. Math has a wide range of
applications throughout the globe,
making it important.
Chapter 1:
Nature of
Mathematics
At the end of this Chapter, you must be able to:
• identify patterns in nature and regularities in the
world;
• articulate the importance of Mathematics in
one’s life;
• argue about the nature of Mathematics, what it
is, how it is expressed, represented, and used;
• discuss the roles of Mathematics in some
disciplines; and
• express appreciation for Mathematics as human
endeavor.
Patterns in Some Examples Fibonacci Importance of
Nature and the of Patterns in Sequence and Mathematics in
Regularities in Nature the Golden Life
the World Ratio

Nature of The Role of Appreciating


Mathematics, its Mathematics in Mathematics as
Concepts, Some Discipline a Human
Mathematical Endeavor
Statements and
Applications
Patterns in Nature
and the Regularities
in the World
There is a link between patterns
and counting. When there is a pattern,
counting occurs. There is reasoning
when there is counting. As a result, in
nature, pattern corresponds to logic
or logical arrangement. A specific
pattern has its own set of
characteristics.
Some individuals learn to
see patterns, connections, and
functions and use them to
describe and explain real-world
occurrences.
The most people believe that
Mathematics is the study of
patterns. Mathematics, like
patterns in nature, may be found
everywhere. Patterns come in a
variety of shapes and sizes.
Number patterns, such as 2, 4, 6, and 8,
are recognizable to us since they are
among the first patterns we learn when
we are young. We gain experience both
within and outside of school as we
progress. Patterns, on the other hand,
are wider and more prevalent wherever
and at any time.
Patterns can be sequential, spatial,
temporal, and even linguistic. All
these phenomena creates a repetition
of names or events is called
regularity.

Dates in
Days in a Months in Regular
the
Calendar a Year Holidays
Calendar
Regularity - same things happen in the
same circumstances.

Pattern – regularity in the world or man-


made designs.
Pattern in Nature / Natural Pattern -
Visible regularities found in the natural
world.

Definitions (Collins, 2018)


“We live in a pattern-filled cosmos. Our
human mind and culture have developed
a formal system off thoughts for
recognizing classifying and exploiting
patterns, we call it Mathematics.”

- Ian Stewart ( 1995)


Math Break!
Some Examples
of Patterns in
Nature
Some Examples of Patterns in Nature
1. Symmetry. In everyday language, it refers to a sense of
harmonious and beautiful proportion and balance. In
Mathematics, it means that an object is invariant to any
various transformations.
Some Examples of Patterns in Nature
2. Spiral. A curve which emanates from a point, moving
farther away as it revolves around the point.
Some Examples of Patterns in Nature
3. Meander. One series of regular sinuous curves, bends,
loops, turns, or winding in the channel of rivers, streams, or
other water course.
Some Examples of Patterns in Nature
4. Waves and Riffles. A disturbance that transfer energy
through matter or space, with little or no mass transport.
Some Examples of Patterns in Nature
5. Foams and Bubbles. A substance formed by trapping
pockets of gas in a liquid or solid.

Bubbles are round (spherical) because there is an attractive force called surface tension that
pulls molecules of water into the tightest possible groupings. And the tightest possible
grouping that any collection of particles can achieve is to pack together into a sphere.
Some Examples of Patterns in Nature

6. Tessellations. Tiling of plane using one or more


geometric shapes, called the tiles, with no overlaps and no
gaps.
Some Examples of Patterns in Nature

7. Fractures or Cracks. Separations of an object or material


into two or more pieces under the action of stress.
Some Examples of Patterns in Nature

8. Stripes and Spots. Series of bands or strips and spots,


often of the same width and color along the length.
Some Examples of Patterns in Nature

9. Fractals. A never-ending pattern. Infinitely complex


patterns that are self similar across different scales.
Number Patterns,
Fibonacci Sequence,
and the Golden
Ratio
A sequence is an ordered list of numbers
(or objects), called terms, that may have
repeated values.

The arrangement of these terms is a set


by a definite rule.
Number Patterns
A number pattern is a pattern or sequence in a series of
numbers. This pattern generally establishes a common
relationship between all numbers.
Number patterns are not restricted to a few types. They could be
in ascending order, descending, multiple of a certain number, or
series of even number, odd numbers, etc.
Arithmetic Sequence
An arithmetic sequence or arithmetic progression is a sequence
in which the difference between successive term is a constant d.
The constant d is called the common difference.
Arithmetic Sequence
If we denote the first term by 𝑎1 , then the nth term is given by
the formula:

𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒏 − 𝟏 𝒅
Where: 𝑎1 is the first term
𝑛 is the number of terms
𝑑 is the common difference
𝑎𝑛 is the last term or unknown term
Example
Find the 12th number in the sequence 3, 6, 9, 12, …

𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
𝑎12 = 3 + 12 − 1 3
𝑎12 = 3 + 11 3
𝑎12 = 3 + 33 = 36
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, …
Geometric Sequence
A geometric sequence is a sequence of numbers that follows a
pattern were the next term is found by multiplying by a constant
r called the common ratio.
The formula for the general term for geometric sequence is:
𝒏−𝟏
𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 𝒓
Where: 𝑎1 is the first term
𝑛 is the number of terms
𝑟 is the common ratio
𝑎𝑛 is the last term or unknown term
Example
Find the 8th number in the sequence 2, 4, 8, 16,…
𝑛−1
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟
8−1
𝑎8 = 2 2
7
𝑎8 = 2 2
𝑎8 = 2 128 = 256
2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, …

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